四六级翻译练习
翻译练习
1.春节是中国最重要，也是最热闹的古老节日之一。春节象征着团结、兴旺以及对未来寄予新的希望。据记载，中国人过春节已有四千多年的历史。中同是个多民族的国家，各民族(nationality)过春节的形式各有不同。但是无论在中国的哪个地方，人们都会在春节期间全家团圆，吃年糕(New Year cake)，饺子以及各种丰盛的饭菜。人们张灯结彩，燃放鞭炮，并互相祝福。
参考翻译:
In China, the Spring Festival is one of the most significant and lively ancient festivals, which symbolizes unity, prosperity and new hopes for the future. It is recorded that the custom of celebrating the Spring Festival has lasted for more than 4,000 years. As a multi-ethnic country, different nationalities in China have various ways of celebrating the Spring Festival. However, wherever in China, people will have a family reunion during the festival, eating New Year cakes, dumpling sand various hearty meals, decorating the houses with lanterns and festoons, setting off firecrackers and blessing each other.
1.春节:翻译为the Spring Festival,注意前面一定要加上定冠词the。—般说来，国际惯例假日前面通常不加the，但是中国的大多数传统节日前面都需要加 the。
2.据记载:对于这祌没有明确指出记载来源的句子，一般翻译为it is recorded that...如果后面给出了记载的来源，则可以译为according to...。
3.过春节:过春节实际就是“庆祝春节这个节日”，所以可译为celebrate the Spring Festival,用 celebrate 来表达“过…的含义”。
4.全家团圆:翻译为family reunion,"—家人从四面八方赶回来重聚在一起"，就是“全家团圆”，family reunion可以简洁、准确地表达出这一意思。
5.张灯结彩:意思就是用灯饰和花彩装饰房屋，因此可译为decorate the houses with lanterns and festoons。
2.中国城市化(urbanization)将会充分释放潜在内需(domestic demand)。一些经济学家指出，在中国几乎所有的发展中城市都面临着城市化的进程。这使得许多人的生活水平有所提高，也为人们提供更多的就业机会。随着越来越多的人向城市迁徙，住房及城市基础设施建设(infrastructure construction)，包括水源等能源的供应将会成为城市发展的焦点问题。商品与服务的自由、快速流通是城市化社会的一项基本特征。逐渐扩张的城市需要更多的零售店来满足消费者的需求。
汉译英：
China’s urbanization will release the full potential of domestic demand. Some economists point out that urbanization is a process that is occurring in nearly every developing city in the country. It will lead to a better quality of life for many people，and provide individuals with more job opportunities. The construction of housing and city infrastructure, including water and energy supplies, will be a focal point of urban development as more people migrate to cities. Urbanization means better access to educational and medical resources in the city. But it also predicts less use of personal vehicles and more use of public transportation. The fast, free flow of goods and services is a basic trait of an urbanized society. Expanding cities require more retail outlets to serve customers。
3.杭州最著名的景点是西湖(the West Lake)。西湖是人造湖泊，是根据中国人喜爱的休闲式的花园风格公园而建造的。十个世纪以来，西湖一直被中国的文人墨客(men of letters)视为精神家园。宋代诗人苏轼把西湖比作中国古代最美丽的女人西子。中国古代人民将西湖周围的区域誉为神奇美丽的土地。在现代，西湖被视为杭州的骄傲，被人们当作躲开城市喧嚣(the hustle and bustle)的好地方。
参考翻译:
The most famous attraction in Hangzhou is the West Lake. West Lake is man-made and created after Chinese people's love for recreational garden style parks. For ten centuries, it has always been regarded as the spiritual home by Chinese men of letters. Su Shi, a poet in the Song Dynasty, compared West Lake to Xi Zi, the most beautiful woman in ancient China. Ancient Chinese people praised the area around West Lake as a miraculous and beautiful land. In modern times, West Lake is taken as the pride of Hangzhou, and a perfect spot to escape the hustle and bustle of the city.
1.西湖是人造湖泊,是根据中国人喜爱的休闲式的花因风格公园而建造的：“人造”可用man-made表示。
2.十个世纪以来，西湖一直被中国的文人墨客视为精神家园：“文人墨客”是个极具中国特色的词汇，翻译为men of letters。
3.中国古代人民将西湖周围的区域誉为神奇美丽的土地:"神奇美丽的土地”可用miraculous and beautiful land表示。其中miraculous意为“神奇的”。
4.长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就想到了巴黎没有去看看菲尔铁塔，或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔一样。人们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”实际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连城长城。然而，今天我们看到的长城——东起山海关，西至嘉峪关——大部分都是在明代修建的。
翻译
The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings! If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, it's just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids! Men often say, "He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. "In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the "Great Wall" until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shan Hai guan Pass in the east to Jia Yun guan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.
5.国画是中国文化遗产的重要组成部分。不同于西方画，它是用毛笔(Chinese brush)和墨汁在宣纸(Xuan paper)上作画的。精通这门艺术需要不断重复的练习，需要控制好毛笔，需要对宣纸和墨汁有一定的认识。绘画前，画家必须在脑海里有一个草图并根据他的想象力和经验进行绘画。许多中国画家既是诗人，又是书法家。他们经常会在自己的画上亲手添加诗作。
参考翻译:
Chinese painting is an important part of the country’s cultural heritage. It distinguishes itself from Western painting in that it is drawn on Xuan paper with the Chinese brush and Chinese ink. To attain proficiency in this art, it is necessary to have good control of the brush, and certain knowledge of Xuan paper and Chinese ink besides repeated exercises. Before painting, the painter must have a draft in his mind and draw according to his imagination and experience. Many a Chinese painter is at the same time a poet and calligrapher who often adds a poem with his own hand on the painting.
1.不同于西方画，它是用毛笔和墨汁在宣纸上作画的:“不同于”可译为distinguish oneself from sty.,也可用be different from 表示。“毛笔和墨汁”可译为the Chinese brush and Chinese ink,此处可同用一个冠词表示整体;“用”可用介词with，表示方式。
2.精通这门艺术需要不断重复的练习，需要控制好毛笔，需要对宣纸和墨汁有一定的认识:“精通这门艺术”可译为to attain proficiency in this art，attain意为“获得、获取”，proficiency意为“精通、熟练”。“需要控制好毛笔，需要对宣纸和墨汁有一定的认识”，该句可理解为“控制好毛笔和认识宣纸、墨汁也是必要的”。
6.《红楼梦》(A Dream of Red Mansions)是曹雪芹在18世纪中期的作品。它不仅是一部中国小说的巨作，同时也是世界文学的瑰宝。曹雪芹出生于一个由极富没落到极贫的贵族权势家族。基于他对生活的理解、进步的思想、认真的写作态度和高超的写作技能，他才能创作出《红楼梦》。这本书描述了一个封建大家庭的生活及其没落，小说中所写的家庭既是现实的反映，又是曹雪芹自己家庭的小说化或者“梦”般的写照。
参考翻译:
A Dream of Red Mansions was written by Cao Xue qin in the middle of the 18th century. It is not only a great Chinese novel but also a gem of world literature. Cao Xue qin was born into a noble and powerful family which declined from extreme prosperity to poverty. Based on his own understanding of life, his progressive ideas, serious writing attitude and excellent writing skill, he was able to create A Dream of Red Mansions. The book describes the life and declining fortunes of a large feudal family, which is both a realistic reflection and a fictional or "dream” version of Cao's own family.
1.它不仅是一部中国小说的巨作，同时也是世界文学的瑰宝：“不仅...也…”可译为not only...but also"。
2.曹雪芹出生于一个由极富没落到极贫的贵族权势家族：“出生于”可译为固定短语be born into。
3.这本书描述了一个封建大家庭的生活及其没落：“一个封建大家庭”可译为a large feudal family, “没落”可译为declining fortunes。
7.书法(calligraphy)在中国的传统艺术领域占有非常重要的位置。书法已经历时2000多年了。它有五种主要的书写方式，每种都有不同的书写技法。练习书法需要文房四宝(Four Treasures of the Study)。书法被认为是一种需要内心平静的艺术形式。今天，尽管出现了各种各样的现代书写方式，但人们仍然经常将书法作为一种业余爱好进行练习。如今，书法在西方也越来越受欢迎。
参考翻译:
In China, calligraphy occupies a very important position in the field of traditional art. Calligraphy has a history lasting for more than 2,000years. There are five main ways of writing and each needs different techniques. To practice calligraphy requires the Four Treasures of the Study. Calligraphy is considered to be an art form requiring inner peace. Today, although various modern ways of writing have come up, calligraphy is still practiced often as a hobby. Nowadays, it has also become more and more popular among westerners.
1.书法在中国的传统艺术领域占有非常重要的位置：“书法”译为calligraphy;“占有”可译为occupy，occupy常用的短语还有occupy oneself in，意为“从事于;位置”和“领域”有不同的含义，分别可译为position和field;“传统艺术”则可译为traditional art。
2.书法被认为是一种需要内心平静的艺术形式：“认为”可译为consider，常用的结构是be considered to be…，意为“被认为是…”;“需要”可译为require; “内心平静”可译为inner peace。
3.今天，尽管出现了各种各样的现代书写方式，但人们仍然经常将书法作为一种业余爱好进行练习：由“尽管...”可知该句可翻译为让步状语从句，“尽管”可用although或though 表示，意为“虽然，尽管”，though与although的意思、用法一样，在其引导的句子中，不需要再用but这个连词;“出现”可译为come up,另外它还有“发生;发芽”的意思。
8.如今，越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好工作。造成这一现象的原因如下：首先，大学生把在校的大多数时间都用在了专业学科学习上，只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。其次，大学生之间的竞争也越来越激烈，这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。因此，强烈建议大学生在课余时间做一些兼职工作，以积累相关的工作经验。
参考答案：
Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job. The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: First, college students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and
it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training. Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce. And this results in a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job. Therefore, it is highly suggested that college students should do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience。
难点精析
1.抱怨很难找到好工作：翻译为complain about having great difficulties in finding
a good job。其中“抱怨做某事”用句型complain about doing sth。表示，having great difficulties in finding a good job表示“找工作有困难”，用到了句型have difficulties in doing sth.。
2.只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训：翻译为it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training。‘只有当才’用强调句型it is only when…that…表示。
3.导致：翻译为results in,同义短语有lead to和bring about，但是表示不好的结果时一般用短语result in。
4.强烈建议：翻译为it is highly suggested that.. ，其中highly suggested也可以用strongly recommended 替换，都表示“强烈建议做某事”。
5.积累相关的工作经验：翻译为accumulate relevant working experience。
9.唐朝是中国历史上一个重要的朝代，也是公认的中国最强盛的时代之一。618年由李渊建立，都城为长安。唐朝早期和中期的统治开明、经济繁荣、社会安定。它在政治、经济、文化、外交等方面都取得了很高的成就，是当时的世界强国之一。唐朝乐于接纳各个民族与宗教，与其他民族进行交流融合，吸收它们独特的文化。唐朝与亚洲和欧洲国家均有频繁往来，很多国家的政治体制与文化等都深受唐朝的影响。
范文：
Tang Dynasty, an important dynasty in China's history, is universally acknowledged as one of the most powerful and prosperous dynasties in China. It was founded by Li Yuan in the year of 618 with its capital in Chang an. The early and middle periods of Tang Dynasty witnessed enlightened politics, a flourishing economy and a stable society. It made great achievement in the aspects of politics, economy, culture and diplomacy etc., making it one of the world powers. Ready to embrace diverse nationalities and religions, Tang Dynasty was integrated with other nationalities, and absorbed their distinctive cultures. Tang Dynasty communicated frequently with countries in Asia and Europe, thus many countries, political system and cultures etc. were deeply influenced by Tang Dynasty.
翻译详解：
1.第一句由两个分句构成，为了避免译文累赘，翻译时可将第二个分句作为主干，第一个分句“中国历史上一个重要的朝代”译作同位语，即an important dynasty in China's history,也可翻译为定语从句。
2.第三句“唐朝早期和中期的统治开明…”，可将“唐朝早期和中期”作为主语，增译谓语witness，表示“见证…的发生”。在翻译“统治开明、经济繁荣、社会安定”这类四字短语的时候，可以采用名词短语的形式, 更加符合英语的表达习惯。
3.翻译“它在政治、经济、文化…世界强国之一”这一句时，可将“取得了很高的成就”作为主干，“是当时的世界强国之一”则处理为现在分词短语making it..作状语的形式。
4.最后一句由两个分句组成，细读之后可以发现两个分句有内在的因果关系，因此用thus 连接;“很多国家的政治…影响”可采用被动语态。
10.中华人民共和国成立后，文学开始繁荣。来自当时的苏联(Soviet Union)和西方国家的作品大大影响了中国文学。这一时期作品的主题包括革命历史和国家建设的新生活。最著名的作品是《红岩》(The Red Rock)和《茶馆》。1978年改革开放后，中国文学又迎来了一次新的繁荣，中外文化交流空前繁荣。今天，中国当代文学也越来越为各国人民所关注。
参考翻译:
After the founding of People's Republic of China, literature began to boom. Works from Soviet Union then and western countries exerted a profound influence on the Chinese literature. The themes expressed in the works of this period covered revolution history as well as the new life of nation's construction. The best-known works are The Red Rock and Teahouse. After the Reform and Opening up in 1978, Chinese literature won anew prosperity with Sino-foreign cultural exchanges flourishing as never before. Today, Chinese contemporary literature is drawing more and more attention of the people of the world.
1.中华人民共和国成立后，文学开始繁荣：“成立”可译为found,如“创办学校”可译为found a school。found与动词find(找到)的过去式和过去分词同形，但词义不同，使用时需要注意。此处译作名词形式founding。“开始繁荣”可译为began to boom。
2.这一时期作品的主题包括革命历史和国家建设的新生活：这句话的主语可译为the themes expressed in the works of this period。谓语可译为 cover,意思是“包括，涵盖”。宾语则是“革命历史和国家建设的新生活”，其中“革命历史”译为revolution history。
3.中国文学又迎来了一次新的繁荣，中外文化交流空前繁荣：“迎来”可译为won。“中外文化交流”可译为Sino-foreign cultural exchanges。“频繁和深入”可以用 flourishing 来表示。