江苏省徐州市2019届高三上学期期中考试英语试题含答案解析

徐州市2018?2019学年度高三年级第一学期期中抽测

英语试题

第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）

第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1. How does the man feel about his exam？

A. He is happy.

B. He does not care.

C. He is not satisfied.

2. What gift will the woman probably get for Mary？

A. A music record.

B. A school bag.

C. A theater ticket.

3. When can the woman get the computers？

A. On https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3618897167.html,esday.

B. On Wednesday.

C. On Thursday.

4. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3618897167.html,e does this conversation take place？

A. At home.

B. In a hospital.

C. At a hotel.

5. How much will the man and the woman pay for the tickets altogether?

A. $5.

B. $10.

C. $20.

第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. What sports does the man like to play after work？

A. Table tennis, running and golf.

B. Tennis, running and golf.

C. Tennis, jogging and golf.

7. How often does the woman play golf？

A. Once a week.

B. Once a month.

C. Once a year.

听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8. What kind of room does the man want to take？

A. A single room.

B. A double room.

C. A room for three.

9. What does the man need to put in the form？

A. Telephone and student card numbers.

B. Student card number and address.

C. Address and telephone number.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10. How often does the No. 1 bus run？

A. Every 5 minutes.

B. Every 10 minutes.

C. Every 15 minutes.

11. How does John’s sister come？

A. By car.

B. By train.

C. By air.

12. When does John’s sister arrive？

A. At 4：30.

B. At 4：20.

C. At 4：10.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13. How does the woman feel at the beginning of the conversation？

A. Angry.

B. Surprised.

C. Sad.

14. What size bag does the woman want？

A. A 24-inch bag.

B. A 29-inch bag.

C. A 32-inch bag.

15. When will the woman leave for Mexico？

A. On Thursday.

B. On Friday.

C. On Saturday.

16. Where does the man work？

A. At a mail order company.

B. At an international travel service.

C. At the airport information desk.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题

17. Who does the speaker talk to？

A. A friend of his.

B. A group of new students.

C. A group of visitors.

18. What is the total number of the departments in college？

A. Six.

B. Five.

C. Four.

19. Where do the teachers in the English department mainly come from？

A. England and America.

B. America and Australia.

C. America and Canada.

20. Which is the largest building of the college?

A. Old Main.

B. English Department Building.

C. Students’ Activity Center Building.

第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）

第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

请认真阅读下面各题，从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂

黑。

1.All the mistakes I ever made in my life were _______ I wanted to say “No” and said “Yes”.

A. how

B. that

C. whether

D. when

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】考查表语从句。句意：在我的人生中所犯的所以错误都是当我想要说“不”，却说了“是”。句中when引导表语从句，在句中充当时间状语。AC项与句意不符，that在名词性从句中不做成分，故D项正确。【点睛】本句考查了引导表语从句关联词，部分用法如下。

1. 可接表语从句的系动词有be，look，seem，sound，appear等。

例句：At that time，it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word.

当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。

2. 连接词whether，as，as if / though引导的表语从句。

例句：It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.听起来好像有人在敲门。

3. because，why引导的表语从句。

例句：That's why he got angry with me.那正是他对我生气的原因。(That's why…强调结果)

注意：what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason做主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不宜用because。

4. 连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever

连接副词 where，when，how，why

例句：The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。

5. 连接词that（that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只是引导词而已）

例句：The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。

2.When the authorities refuse to register The Slants as an Asian American band’s n ame, are they ___ its rights?

A. challenging

B. violating

C. abusing

D. confirming

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】考查动词辨析。A. challenging挑战；B. violating侵犯；C. abusing滥用；D. confirming确定；句意：当官方拒绝注册“The Slants”为亚洲乐队的名称时，他们是在侵犯乐队的权利吗？根据句意可知B

项正确。

3.He laughed at my third-grade photo, the one _______ my hair had been expanded to new dimensions by an especially cold and windy day.

A. when

B. that

C. where

D. what

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】考查定语从句关系词。本题定语从句的先行词是指代photo的代词the one，定语从句的结构很完整，要用关系副词where引导定语从句，并在句中做状语。when的先行词通常是指时间的名词代词，关系代词that 要在句中做主语、表语或者表语；而what不能引导定语从句，故C项正确。

【点睛】本题考查了关系代词where引导的定语从句用法，在定语从句中,关系副词where所指代的先行词只能是表示地点的名词吗? 先行词不表示地点时,如何判断是否使用Where引导定语从句。当先行词不是表示地点的名词时,该如何判断是否使用where引导定语从句呢?由上文给出的例句可知,含有抽象地点意义的名词能用关系副词where来引导,并且在每个例句的点评中笔者都反复强调“定语从句不缺主语和宾语,where在从句中充当的是状语”。由此,我们可以大胆地进行引申和归纳,提出“当先行词不表示地点时,使用where引导定语从句”的判断方法。首先,判断定语从句的结构:定语从句应该不缺少主语和宾语,而是缺少状语。其次,观察先行词:先行词是除了时间名词(在这种情况下会用when)和原因名词(在这种情况下会用why)以外的其他任何名词。第二个条件之所以成立,是因为定语从句中的状语成分一般就是由when、where和why等三个引导词来引导的。为了更深刻地理解这种判断方法,请看以下几个例句:

1. English is a “fixed-word-order” language where each phrase has a fixed position.

英语是一种“词序固定”的语言,这种语言的特点就是每个短语都有固定的位置。

点评:首先,我们来判断定语从句“each phrase has a fixed position”的结构:该从句并不缺少主语和宾语,但是缺少状语。其次,我们来看先行词:先行词是fixed-word-order language, 它既不表示时间,也不表示原因。由此可知,此处用where来指代先行词,表示“在‘词序固定’这样的语言中”。

2. At the Academy, Plato taught the students through the use of debates, where two or more people took different ideas of an argument.

在学院里,柏拉图采用的教学方法是组织辩论,在辩论中,两个或多个学生各持一方观点。

点评:首先,我们来判断定语从句“two or more people took different ideas of an argument”的句子结构:该从句不缺少主语和宾语,但是缺少状语。其次,我们来看先行词:先行词是debates,它既不是时间名词,也不是原因名词。由此可知,此处应用where引导定语从句,表示“在辩论中”。

3. However, being enthusiastic isn’t for everyone and no one likes false enthusiasm, where a person

pretends to be excited even about the most trivial points.

然而,热情并非适合每一个人,而且也没有人喜欢那种连区区小事都假装兴奋不已的虚假热情。

点评:首先,我们判断定语从句“a person pretends to be excited even about the most trivial points”的句子结构:该从句不缺少主语和宾语,但是缺少状语。其次,我们来看先行词:先行词是false enthusiasm,它既不是时间名词,也不是原因名词。因而,此处用where来引导定语从句,表示“在‘虚假的热情’这种状态下”。

通过对上面三个例句的点评,相信读者已经能够掌握在先行词不表示地点的情况下,如何判断是否使用where

来引导定语从句了。此外,我们需要仔细体会例句中where指代先行词时所表达的含义,分别是“在……样的语言中”“在……中”“在……样的状态下”,都带有抽象的地点意义。

4.Hang a wet towel in your hotel room ——because of climate-controlled rooms and windows that don’t open, the air _________ be very dry.

A. must

B. can

C. shall

D. need

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】考查情态动词。A. must必须，一定；B. can可能；能够；有时可能，有时会；C. shall将要；D. need 需要；本句表示要在宾馆房间里挂一块湿毛巾，室内的空气有时会可能会很干燥。根据句意可知B项正确。【点睛】本句考查了情态动词“can”表示“有时可能，有时会…”的用法，can还有其他用法，具体如下：表示能力，"can"译为"能；会"

例句：I can speak English. 译：我会说英语。

She can dance. 译：她会跳舞。

②表示可能性，"can"译为"可能；会"

例句：Can you sing? 译：你会唱歌吗?

Can you swim? 译：你会游泳吗?

③"can"用在肯定句中：主语＋can＋动词原形

例句：I can play the guitar. 译：我会弹吉他。

I can join the music club. 译：我可以加入音乐俱乐部。

④"can"用在一般疑问句中：Can＋主语＋动词原形

肯定回答：Yes，主语＋can

否定回答：No，主语＋can't

例句：Can he play chess? 译：他会下国际象棋吗？

Yes, he can. 译：是的，他会。

NO, he can't. 译：不，她不会。

⑤"can"用在否定句中：主语＋can't＋动词原形（can't 是 can not 的缩写）

例句：She can't play the piano well. 译：她弹不好钢琴。

I can't sing. 译：我不会唱歌。

⑥"can"用在特殊疑问句中：特殊疑问词＋can＋主语＋动词原形

例句：What can you see in the room? 译：在房间里你能看见什么?

⑦当特殊疑问词是句子的主语时：特殊疑问词＋can＋动词原形

例句：Who can answer my question? 译：谁能回答我的问题?

5.It’s sa id that if she moves her handbag to her right arm, it shows the queen is bored and wants to _______ her chat with you.

A. wrap up

B. pick up

C. take up

D. make up

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】考查动词短语辨析。A. wrap up完成，结束；B. pick up捡起，用车接；C. take up占据，从事于，开始做；D. make up化妆，编造，弥补，组成；句意：就是如果她把手包挪到右边胳膊，这就说明女王累了要结束和你的交谈了。根据句意可知wrap up表示“完成，结束”符合句意，故A项正确。

6.Medical errors and various infections, if _________, will be the third leading cause of death in the world.

A. being combined

B. to combine

C. having combined

D. combined

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】考查状语从句省略。句意：医疗错误和各种感染如果结合在一起就会是世界上死亡的第三大原因。当状语从句主语与主句主语一致，且含有系动词的时候，我们可以把状语从句主语和系动词一起省略，构成省略句。本句在if后省略了medical errors and various infections are，所以D项正确。

7.“The young man _________, but he chose to stay and help me,” Prather told CBS News. “I say thank you to him every day.”

A. could have left

B. must have left

C. could leave

D. must leave

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：这个年轻人本可以离开的，但他却选择了留下了帮助我。根据but句中的chose，可知本句是对过去情况的虚拟，应该使用“情态动词+have done”，排除CD项。B项“must have done”意为“一定做了某事”，表示对过去情况的推测，并不表示虚拟。“could have done”意为“本可以做某事，实际上却未做”，是对过去情况的虚拟，故A项正确。

【点睛】本句考查了含蓄条件的虚拟语气，所谓含蓄条件句就是利用语境不直接说出条件的句子。这种句子可以分为两类：一种是广义的含蓄条件句，另一种是狭义的含蓄条件句。

1. 广义含蓄指的是不用连词 if 或 unless 介绍条件，而是改用其他方式。事实上这些表达方式也是同样是条件状语。

（1）用介词引入条件：

* but for（如不是, 如没有）：注意，凡是出现这个复合介词的句子，必须要用虚拟语气，如：

We would have had a pleasant journey but for the rain.

（= We would have had a pleasant journey if it hadn’t rained.）

* without/with (在不具备/具备…的条件下), 如：

Without his help, I could not have done it well.

(=If he hadn’t helped me, I could not have done i t well.)

With favorable winds, we might have got there in two days.

(= If there should be favorable winds, we might have got there in two days.)

* under （在…条件下）

We could have done better under more favorable conditions.

（= We could have done better if we were to be under more favorable conditions.）

（2）分词短语充当条件（分词短语本身就具有充当条件状语的功能），如：

Given a certain opportunity, he could have shown more talent.

(= If he had been given a certain opportunity, he could have shown more talent.)

（3）表示不具备条件的连词：but, but that, or或otherwise不定式短语

They would have resisted but that they lacked courage. （= They would have resisted if they hadn’t lacked courage. 要不是缺乏勇气她们会抵抗的. ）

诸如此类，不一而足。

2. 狭义含蓄指的是不用任何语言方式显示条件，而是把条件隐藏在具体的原环境中，

（1）用上下文暗示条件，如：

I was so busy then, otherwise, I would have finished it. （

If I hadn’t been busy then, I would have finished it.）

It rained yesterday, or I would have gone camping.

(If It hadn’t rained yesterday, I would have gone camping.)

（2）用委婉语气暗示条件，如：

Would you mind opening the window? (=Would mind if I opened the window.)

Could you do me a favor to pass me the book?

(= You would do me a favor if you should pass me the book. )

（3）用表示愿望的语气暗示条件，如：

Long live the Chairman Mao! (= If Chairman Mao should live long.)

（4）用其他语言环境暗示条件，如：

That would be fine. ( =省略了If you should do it.)

You might stay here forever. (=省略了 If you wanted to.)

I would not have done it. (=省略了 If I were you.)

8.— You are so kind, honey, but I prefer a beautiful dress.

— OK. ___________.

A. You’ve got me there

B. You name it

C. You have the last word

D. You are pulling my leg

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】考查交际用语。A. You’ve got me there你难住我了。B. You name it凡你想得起的，不管什么；

C. You have the last word你最后决定；. You are pulling my leg你在开我的玩笑。句意：—亲爱的，你真是太好了，可是我想要那件漂亮的裙子。—好的，你最后做决定。根据句意可知C项正确。

9.________ a man realizes that his father was right, he usually has a son who thinks he is wrong.

A. After

B. Until

C. The moment

D. By the time

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】考查状语从句连词。句意：到一个人意识到他的父亲正确的时候，他通常都有一个认为他错了的儿子。

A. After在……之后；

B. Until直到……才……；

C. The moment一……就……；

D. By the time到……为止；故D项正确。

10.The young couple _______ as volunteer teachers for a whole year during their stay in Yunnan.

A. have worked

B. had worked

C. worked

D. have been working

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】考查时态。句意：在云南期间，这对年轻的夫妻做了一整年的志愿者。根据句意可知他们是在云南期间做志愿者的，使用一般过去时描述过去发生的事情，并没有延续到现在，也没有表现出对现在的影响，故C 项正确。

11.— What do you mean when saying every minute counts?

— A man who dares to waste one hour of time _________ the value of life.

A. hadn’t discovered

B. hasn’t discovered

C. didn’t discover

D. isn’t discovering

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】考查时态。句意：—当你说每分钟都很重要的时候，你什么意思？—敢于浪费一小时时间的人还没有意识到生活的价值。根据句意可知正是他们没有意识到生活的价值，才敢于浪费时间。表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响，要用现在完成时。故B项正确。

12.Father broke into a violent ____ at the sight of his son being beaten by a big man and charged straight at him.

A. passion

B. inspiration

C. friction

D. occasion

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】考查名词辨析。A. passion激情，盛怒；B. inspiration激励，灵感；C. friction摩擦；D. occasion 时机，场合；句意：看见儿子被一个大人揍了，父亲盛怒地冲了进来，径直冲向他。根据句意可知A项正确。

13.________ related industries, Beijing will also commit to promoting the intelligent connected vehicle (ICV) industry, whose future market is huge.

A. In virtue of

B. In terms of

C. On top of

D. On behalf of

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】考查介词短语辨析。A. In virtue of通过，由于；B. In terms of就…而言；C. On top of 除…之外； D. On behalf of代表；句意：除了相关的工业之外，北京还承诺促进ICV，ICV未来的市场很巨大。根据句意可知C项正确。

14.— Do you think it is likely for the _________ project to be completed in only 9 months? — Well, goodness knows.

A. dynamic

B. delicate

C. ambiguous

D. ambitious

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】考查形容词辨析。A. dynamic戏剧化的；B. delicate微妙的，纤细的；C. ambiguous模糊的；D. ambitious有野心的，有抱负的；句意：你认为这个有抱负的项目可能在9个月之内完成吗？根据句意可知D 项正确。

15.— You know what? Our boss invited me to the awards ceremony next Sunday.

— Really? You are a __________.

A. blue-eyed boy

B. black sheep

C. white elephant

D. yellow dog

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】考查俗语。A. blue-eyed boy宠儿，幸运儿；B. black sheep害群之马；C. white elephant 累赘物；D. yellow dog卑鄙的人；句意：—你知道发生什么事情了吗？老板邀请我参加下周日的颁奖礼。—真的吗？你真是一个幸运儿。根据句意可知A项正确。

第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)

请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

I grew up in a small town in Alabama. I had to eat last at school ___16___ I was a welfare kid.

I began to work at 8. But I didn’t ___17___. I felt safer working than being at home.

At 12, I came across Macy of Charm School. She said, “My, you are ___18___ for your age. Come to my school an d I will train you.” ___19___ Mama didn’t approve. When Miss Macy told her I could come to her school ___20___, Mama let me go. Miss Macy would teach me how to ___21___ like a lady. She encouraged me to enter every beauty competition that came to Alabama.

One day, I got an opportunity to go to a modeling ___22___ in New York City! The trip was ___23___,

but I had a year, so I started working three jobs. With the help of the town — money, a miniskirt, boots, a new ___24___ — we got to New York.

But when the competition started, I thought I didn’t ___25___ there, with my strange hair and boots. And I didn’t see one girl walk the way Miss Macy had taught me. I pretended to be ___26___, but I was really scared. Finally I didn’t ___27___ anything.

To my surprise, the next day Miss Macy told the governor of Alabama on the phone I had been signed with the world’s most famous model agency and that we were putting Alabama on the ___28___.

“Miss Macy, that isn’t ___29___.” I said. But Miss Macy just ___30___ my disagreement, because she had a better ___31___ of how poor my life was in Alabama.

Afterwards we found Wilhelmina, the top model agent, in her office. Miss Macy just told her I was becoming a model with her agency. I didn’t know whether Wilhelmina would burst ou t laughing or, ___32___ Miss Macy. Unexpectedly, Wilhelmina simply asked, “So tell me, what’s so ___33___ about you?”

I didn’t know the right thing to say, but one word popped into my head. “___34___, madam.” “Well, I’d like to see what you can do with that determination,” she said and handed me a ___35___, “But first, we have to do something about your hair.”

16. A. though B. unless C. because D. once

17. A. compromise B. mind C. struggle D. adapt

18. A. tall B. mature C. smart D. thin

19. A. Therefore B. Unfortunately C. Instead D. Thankfully

20. A. alone B. fairly C. anyway D. free

21. A. speak B. sit C. walk D. eat

22. A. organization B. training C. competition D. ceremony

23. A. meaningful B. expensive C. stressful D. impressive

24. A. suitcase B. necklace C. overcoat D. hairstyle

25. A. belong B. shine C. relate D. qualify

26. A. patient B. confident C. interested D. serious

27. A. deserve B. remember C. learn D. win

28. A. rise B. wall C. run D. map

29. A. clear B. modest C. true D. accurate

30. A. accepted B. ignored C. interrupted D. justified

31. A. understanding B. sense C. record D. command

32. A. encourage B. question C. applaud D. comfort

33. A. enthusiastic B. tough C. crazy D. special

34. A. Determination B. Ambition C. Motivation D. Affection

35. A. contract B. gift C. certificate D. tissue

【答案】16. C 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. D 21. C 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. A 26.

B 27. D 28. D 29.

C 30. B 31. A 32. C 33.

D 34. A 35. A

【解析】

本文是一篇记叙文，作者出身贫寒，在Miss Macy的帮助下参加了模特培训，最终通过自己的决心和努力成为了世界顶级模特公司的签约模特。

【16题详解】

考查连词辨析。A. though尽管；B. unless除非，如果…不…；C. because因为；D. once一旦，曾经；因为我是一个福利儿童，所以在学校里我不得不最后一个吃饭。根据句意可知上下文是因果关系，故C项正确。【17题详解】

考查动词辨析。A. compromise妥协；B. mind介意；C. struggle努力；D. adapt调整，适应；虽然8点我就要开始工作，但是我并不介意，在学校里我感觉比在家里更加安全。根据句意可知B项正确。

【18题详解】

考查形容词辨析及上下文串联。A. tall高；B. mature成熟；C. smart聪明；D. thin瘦；根据本段最后一句“She encouraged me to enter every beauty competition that came to Alabama.”可知她让我参加选美比赛，参加选美比赛的女孩通常都比较高挑。故A项正确。

【19题详解】

考查副词辨析。A. Therefore因此；B. Unfortunately不幸地是；C. Instead代替，而不是；D. Thankfully 感激的；Miss Macy选中了我，而妈妈不同意，她不愿意让我去。上下文是转折关系，故B项正确。

【20题详解】

考查副词辨析及上下文串联。A. alone独自；B. fairly相当地；C. anyway不管怎样；D. free免费地；根据第一空后“I was a welfare kid.”可知我是一个福利孩子，家庭很贫穷。Miss Macy告诉妈妈免费让我去她的学校，妈妈才同意让我去，因为她没有钱。故D项正确。

【21题详解】

考查动词辨析及常识。A. speak讲话；B. sit坐；C. walk走路，步行；D. eat吃东西；根据本段最后一句“She encouraged me to enter every beauty competition that came to Alabama.”以及第10空格后“And I didn’t see one girl walk the way Miss Macy had taught me. ”可知她让我参加选美比赛，选美比赛

的队员要走猫步。故C项正确。

【22题详解】

考查名词辨析。A. organization组织；B. training训练，培训；C. competition比赛；D. ceremony庆典；我在Miss Macy的学校里训练，后来得到了一个机会在纽约参加模特比赛的机会。故C项正确。

【23题详解】

考查形容词辨析及上下文串联。A. meaningful有意义的；B. expensive昂贵的；C. stressful 有压力的；

D. impressive印象深刻的；根据后句“I started working three jobs.”可知我做了三份工作挣钱参加这次比赛，说明本次比赛很贵。故B项正确。

【24题详解】

考查名词辨析及上下文串联。A. suitcase手提箱；B. necklace项链；C. overcoat大衣；D. hairstyle发型；根据第10空后“with my strange hair and boots”可知我为了这次比赛付出了很多，买了迷你裙、靴子并有了一个新发型。故D项正确。

【25题详解】

考查动词辨析。A. belong属于；B. shine闪亮；C. relate联系，阐述；D. qualify使…合格；当这次比赛开始的时候，留着这样的发型，穿着这样的靴子，我感觉自己不属于这个地方。本句说明我还不适合这里的氛围。故A项正确。

【26题详解】

考查形容词辨析及上下文串联。A. patient耐心的；B. confident自信的；C. interested感兴趣的；D. serious 严肃的，认真的；前句“And I didn’t see one girl walk the way Miss Macy had taught me.”说明没有其他的选手走猫步的样子和Miss Macy教我的一样，所以我对自己没有信心，感觉很害怕。最终也的确没有赢得任何名次。故B项正确。

【27题详解】

考查动词辨析。A. deserve应该得到；B. remember记得；C. learn学会；D. win赢得；其他的选手走猫步的样子和Miss Macy教我的不一样，所以我对自己没有信心，感觉很害怕。最终也的确没有赢得任何名次。故D项正确。

【28题详解】

考查词辨析。A. rise上升；B. wall墙；C. run奔跑；D. map地图；Miss Macy告诉Alabama州长我和世界上最著名的模特公司签约了，我们让Alabama州出现在模特界的地图之上。本句是指她们为Alabama做了宣传。故D项正确。

【29题详解】

考查形容词辨析及上下文串联。A. clear清楚的；B. modest谦虚的；C. true真实的；D. accurate准确的；

根据12空Finally I didn’t ___12___ anything. 可知Miss Macy说的并不是事实。故C项正确。

【30题详解】

考查动词辨析。A. accepted接受；B. ignored忽视，不理睬；C. interrupted打断；D. justified为…辩护；认为…正当；因为Miss Macy说的话不是事实，我想纠正她，但是她并不理睬我。故B项正确。

【31题详解】

考查名词辨析及上下文串联。A. understanding理解，了解；B. sense感觉；C. record记录；D. command 掌握，命令；根据第一段可知我的家庭非常贫穷，要依靠社会福利生存。Miss Macy对我家的贫穷非常了解。故A项正确。

【32题详解】

考查动词辨析。A. encourage鼓励；B. question询问；C. applaud鼓掌，称赞；D. comfort安慰；根据上文可知Miss Macy所教的猫步都和其他模特不一样，所以当她告诉模特界的大佬Wilhelmina我是她教出来的时候，我不知道对方会嘲笑她还是会为她鼓掌。故C项正确。

【33题详解】

考查形容词辨析。A. enthusiastic热情的；B. tough艰难的；C. crazy疯狂的；D. special特别的；没有想法对方只是很简单地问我：你有什么特别之处？她想知道我和其他人有什么不同的地方。故D项正确。【34题详解】

考查名词辨析及上下文串联。A. Determination决心；B. Ambition野心；抱负；C. Motivation 动机；

D. Affection热爱；根据后句““Well, I’d like to see what you can do with that determination,”中的“determination”可知我告诉对方我有决心成为优秀的模特。故A项正确。

【35题详解】

考查名词辨析。A. contract合同；B. gift礼物；C. certificate证书；D. tissue纸巾；她递给我一份合同，然后告诉我首先要做换一个发型。说明她认可了我的能力，并给了我合同。故A项正确。

第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分, 满分30分）

请认真阅读下列短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项, 并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

A

Call your doctor right away if you have any symptoms, especially if they are new, worse or worry you, including:

feeling restless

panic attacks

acting aggressive, being angry, or violent

new or worse depression

an extreme increase in activity and talking

other unusual changes in behavior or mood

LYRICA may cause swelling of your hands, legs and feet.

This swelling can be a serious problem with people with heart problems.

LYRICA may cause dizziness or sleepiness.

Do not drive a car, work with machines, or do other dangerous things until you know how LYRICA

36. According to the instructions, which of the following people can take the medicine?

A. Jenny, 26, expecting her first baby

B. Henry, 15, living with diabetes

C. Finny, 37, having heart problems

D. Sunny, 41, suffering from pain severely

37. What symptoms may LYRICA cause?

a. breathing trouble

b. emotional changes

c. kidney problems

d. heart failure

e. sleep loss

f. feeling dizzy

A. a, c, d

B. a, b, f

C. c, e, f

D. b, d, e

【答案】36. D 37. B

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文，介绍了药物普瑞巴林的使用说明，涉及该药的禁忌、副作用、以及适用人群等信息。【36题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“ABOUT LYRICA LYRICA is a prescription medicine used in adults 18 years and older to treat: pain from damaged nerves that happens with diabetes or that follows healing of shingles or spinal cord injury”可知LYRICA适用于18岁以上的成年人，患有剧烈的疼痛。年龄的要求排除B项。根据“This swelling can be a serious problem with people with heart problems.”中患有心脏病的人不能服用LYRICA，排除C项。根据“Anyone who is pregnant or plans to become pregnant”可知孕妇或计划怀孕的妇女不能服用LYRICA。只有D项符合要求。故选择D项。

【37题详解】

细节理解题。根据“have any trouble breathing、other unusual changes in behavior or mood、LYRICA may cause dizziness or sleepiness”可知abf三项都是LYRICA可能导致的症状。故B项正确。

B

There is a small but growing movement in America of households that want to reduce waste to zero. Zero Wasters, as they are called, help each other by sharing advice on blogs and social media. A number of people also have written recent books on the subject.

Bea Johnson is author of Zero Waste Home: The Ultimate Guide to Simplifying Your Life. She said, “It may be too extreme for som e people, but even if you can cut your trash down by even 20 percent, you’ll gain 80 percent of the benefits, like saving time and money for experiences instead of shopping for unnecessary stuff. It’s about a simpler life based on being, not having.”

Johnson said that reducing shopping means her family has more money for fun vacations. She said her family buys recycled things also. All their clothing, for example, comes from used clothing stores. She says that has reduced her household spending by 40 percent.

“We can get most brands on eBay and request that they be sent to us without any non-recyclable packaging,” she said.

Zero Wasters like to talk about five “R’s”: Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Rot. The first “R” stands for refuse. They refuse contain ers and plastic straws at restaurants. To this end, they either ask to use their own containers or request that things like food be wrapped in paper. Zero Wasters also seek to reduce the number of things they buy. They reuse household goods and recycle materials. They also try to compost, or rot, food material that can be used to enrich soil.

Amy Korst is another most popular writer in the zero waste movement. She wrote the book Zero Waste Lifestyle: Live Well by Throwing Away Less. She noted that once food is buried under plastics and other things in, for example, a landfill, it no longer composts as it normally would. She said that is why it is so important to cut down on using things made out of plastic and separate things that can be broken down from other trash. She recommended residents to contact the local sanitation department in understanding how to recycle. Officials there will be able to advise about what can be recycled and how to do it.

38. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 most probably implies that ____________.

A. Zero Wasters’ goal of producing no trash is hard to reach

B. it’s a primitive life depending on nature rather than people

C. Zero Wasters emphasize a rich spiritual life based on basic needs

D. the new lifestyle sought by Zero Wasters will make people richer

39. What does Paragraph 5 talk about?

A. Reasons why Zero Wasters try to reduce trash.

B. Contributions Zero Wasters have already made.

C. Problems that Zero Wasters face in their daily life.

D. Actions that Zero Wasters take to achieve their goal.

40. What does Amy Korst think of the zero waste movement?

A. She opposes spending more money for fun experiences.

B. She believes a landfill is an ideal place for food wastes.

C. She advocates using less plastics and garbage classification.

D. She holds that many people are ignorant about recycling.

【答案】38. C 39. D 40. C

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文，在美国人们推行“Zero Wasters”运动，减少在不必要的物品上花费的金钱，建设一个更为节能环保的社会。

【38题详解】

句意理解题。根据本段第二句“She said, “It may be too extreme for some people, but even if you can cut your trash down by even 20 percent, you’ll gain 80 percent of the benefits, like saving time and money for experiences instead of shopping for unnecessary stuff.”可知通过“Zero Wasters”人们可以减少在不必要的物品上花费的金钱，人们的生活更为简单，精神世界更为丰富。故C项正确。

【39题详解】

段落大意题。根据本段中心句“Zer o Wasters like to talk about five “R’s”: Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Rot.”可知他们在进行“Zero Wasters”运动的时候，遵循了5个“R”，本段的其他内容详细解释了5个R的具体内容，这些也是他们为了实现目标所采取的行动。故D项正确。

【40题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段第三、四句“She noted that once food is buried under plastics and other things in, for example, a landfill, it no longer composts as it normally would. She said that is why it is so important to cut down on using things made out of plastic and separate things that can be broken down from other trash.”可知她建议人们少用塑料袋，因为塑料袋不能成为肥料，会影响土壤；同时她还建议垃圾分类。故C项正确。

C

The bacteria which inhabit (栖居于) human beings, particularly the guts (肠道) of those beings, have been found in recent years to be important for fighting off diseases. That something similar happens in other animal species is doubtless true as well. But work by Seon-Woo Lee at Dong-A University and Jihyun Kim at Yonsei University, both in South Korea, suggests that it is not only animals that benefit from such bacterial protection. Their study, just published in Nature Biotechnology, shows that plants do, too.

Crop plants of the nightshade family, such as potatoes and tomatoes, are not immune to a soil bacterium called Ralstonia solanacearum. This enters their roots and spreads through their water-transport systems, causing them to wilt (枯萎). Infection is usually deadly; the disease costs potato farmers alone $1bn a year. A variety of tomato called Hawaii 7996, however, does not suffer from such bacterial wilt. Dr Lee and Dr Kim wondered if the explanation for this exceptionalism lay with other bacteria in the soil.

To test that idea, they grew crops of Hawaii 7996 and a second tomato variety called Moneymaker. Once the plants were established, the researchers analyzed bacteria in the soil around the plants’ roots and found systematic differences that depended on which tomato variety was growing. This observation made their explanation reasonable and likely to be true.

They then transplanted some of their Moneymaker plants into soil that had previously supported Hawaii 7996s, and some of the Hawaiian plants into soil that had been home to Moneymakers. As controls, they similarly uprooted (拔起) individuals of both varieties and replanted them in soil once occupied by the same variety. That done, they exposed all of their plants to R. solanacearum and monitored them over the course of 14 days.

They found the disease progressed almost 30% more slowly in Moneymaker plants grown in “Hawaiian” soil than it did in those Moneymakers that had been replanted into their own soil. In contrast, it progressed rapidly in the normally resistant Hawaiian variety when this was transferred into Moneymaker soil.

Further study revealed that credit for this disease resistance went to a single type of soil bacterium, called TRM1. Dr Lee and Dr Kim therefore cultivated (培育) this bug in their laboratory and used it to treat soil into which Moneymaker plants were then planted. When these were infected with R. solanacearum they proved more resistant than others that had been planted into untreated soil as controls.

These findings suggest to Dr Lee and Dr Kim that the roots of Hawaii 7996 are releasing compounds (化合物) which encourage the growth of TRM1. What those compounds are has yet to be determined. The two researchers’ work, however, seems to suggest something constructive.

41. The author mentions the bacteria inhabiting human beings to introduce ___________.

A. the benefits of bacteria to humans

B. the effects of bacteria on plants

C. the efforts to fight off diseases

D. the reasons for plant diseases

42. What are th e two researchers’ findings based on?

A. Comprehensive analyses of how plants are infected.

B. Careful observation of the transplanting process.

C. Controlled experiments on the uprooted individuals of both varieties.

D. Comparison of the progress of the disease in different conditions.

43. According to the study, why are some plants immune to infection?

A. They have better water-transport systems.

B. They are protected by some other bacteria.

C. They are genetically different from others.

D. They have resistance to bacteria when transferred.

44. The two researchers’ work indicates that _____________.

A. new ways will be found to deal with bacterial wilt

B. causes of some plant diseases have been discovered

C. a new chapter of agricultural science and technology has started

D. the composition of the compounds released has been identified

【答案】41. B 42. D 43. B 44. A

【解析】

本文是一篇科普说明文，栖居于人体内的细菌可以帮助人们抵抗疾病，同样的原理细菌也可以帮助动物和植物抵抗疾病。文章对此项研究做了详细说明。

【41题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一句“The bacteria which inhabit (栖居于) human beings, particularly the guts (肠道) of those beings, have been found in recent years to be important for fighting off diseases. ”可知栖居于人体内的细菌可以帮助人们抵抗疾病，同样的原理细菌也可以帮助动物和植物抵抗疾病。所以作者提及人体内部的细菌正是为了说明细菌对植物也有影响。故B项正确。

【42题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“They then transplanted some of their Moneymaker plants into soil that had previously supported Hawaii 7996s, and some of the Hawaiian plants into soil that had been home to Moneymakers.”可知演讲者把Moneymaker移植到了Hawaii 7996s所种植的土壤里，然后再对植物患病的情况进行研究。说明他们对不同情况下植物疾病发展的过程进行了研究。故D项正确。

【43题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“Once the plants were established, the researchers analyzed bacteria in the soil around the plants’ roots and found systematic differences that depended on which tomato