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考研英语一阅读题型总结

考研英语一阅读题型总结
考研英语一阅读题型总结

题型总结

推理题

●出题标志:infer imply learn indicate suggest

●解题思路:细节推理题,题干中除标志词,还有关键词,当成细节题来解;段落推理题,

找对应段落的中心句(两首,转折词所在的位置)

主旨题

●标志:main idea purpose the best title

●思路:找说明对象或作者态度(作者态度标志:转折词、情态动词、if引导条件从句、

感情色彩词sad/happy/clearly/fortunately);穿线法即两首原则;文章特殊结构(开门见山:中心句在首句,作者态度句独句、段;层层递进:文章整体或几个段落都有递进词,核心往往是最后一段;转折:中心在某段开头的转折词后;平铺直叙:即时间顺序,中心是某事物发展过程;问题答案型:问题时文章中心,如第一题是主旨题,答案为问题的同义替换;起承转合:中心在尾段,标志为尾段开头往往是转折词;花开两朵:中心在首段即两花的定义、区别及联系,文章特点是中心在首段,若两个说明对象在同一段落且中间有转折词,作者很可能支持转折词后的,若两对象对立成段,则作者观点独立。)●错误选项特征:概括范围过窄,往往是某段中心句。所以段落,最大干扰项往往是你读

得最顺的段落。

例证题

●标志:example case joke story

●思路:整段为例子,重点为段尾或上一段最后一句;一段中只有一个或几个句子时例子,

论点80%在例子前,20%例子后面;若例子中信息出现在选项中,一般为范围过窄;80%、20%都不是答案,则正确选项很可能与该段中心有关;四个选项为例子,与原文某一例子作同义替换的为正确答案。

词汇题

●返回,定位;

●若该单词为常用词汇,最基本含义必错,应通过上下文寻找引申义;

●思路:判断词性,看是否有特殊的做题方法(特殊标点:破折号、定语从句

which/who/whose/that、冒号、引号、括号),一般方法(平行结构、平行同义关系),如段落短,将所有相同词性找出,看哪个与其中一个选项对应,如段落长,上下句寻找同性词,反义关系,代入法(与短路中心有关,尽量不用)

句子理解题

●mean show 句子愿意,返回原文找句子上下文;infer imply learn 考察引申义,

返回原文找句子对应段的中心;

作者态度题

●标志:the author attitude/think/beliebe/consider/regard/deem/suggest

●作者态度三个:支持、赞成:完全支持(文中所有人包括作者都支持某个事物),同情

弱者(前文体现大家不支持某人、事,反对呼声高,而作者在结尾强调事物、人不容易);

中立、客观批评、反对:完全否定(文中有明确的作者态度标志为反对),怀疑(文中没有、、、,但通过别人的观点来证明自己时否定的观点态度)。

●以下单词出现是错选:indifferent漠不关心puzzling疑惑subjective客观biased偏

激contempt 蔑视

●两者考法:细节作者态度题(找关键词),主旨作者态度题(类似于主旨题)

●作者态度在文章位置:转折词,情态动词,if引导的条件从句,感情色彩词

(sad/happy/clearly/fortunately),祈使句,few people understand/believe/know,若找不到作者观点,找作者引用。

推理升华

●考察几段的内容,要看这几段的关系。

●总分关系:总段短,分短长,由例子解释说明

●并列:段落间并列词(and/also still/meanwhile/in the meantime),并无并列词(段落长度

差不多,都讲一件事),正确答案很可能是某个段落的中心句,最大干扰项是另一段落中心。

●转折:正确答案往往在某段开头的转折词后。

●分总=总分

●总分重点看总段,并列重点是段意,转折之后是重点,分总等同于总分。

是非题

●标志:be (not) true/correct/mentioned

●思路:最后一题为是非题,正确选项为某段中心句;其他题为是非题,正确选项对应段

落中心句。

知识点总结

1.有关时态的考点(完成时、将来时)

完成时:have\has\had done there be can\could

将来时:be going to be about to will\would shall\should it is time for

考点:选项中常将完成时与过去时混淆

文章一段中出现大量时间,重点看“现在”,过去时间为了引出话题,话题在现在时间之后。

连接词的考点

and 前后并列,缺一不可,若只有一个在选项中一般是范围过窄;

,and 前后承接,递进关系,前后有一个在选项中即可;

Or 前后为选择关系,只有一个在选项中即可。

作者态度寻找之“few”

Few people understand\believe\know...之后一般为作者观点,作者往往站在少数人的观点。

It is said that=some people say 作者往往否定该句子,然后提出自己的观点。

三种程度

几乎不:hardly barely rarely

一点也不:seldom little few

大多数:most major(两者都大于75%)

标点符号

逗号:两个逗号之间或一个逗号后为补充说明,分析句子主干时可忽略不看(插入语、非限

定性定语从句、such as...)

破折号:两个之间,一个之后为解释说明,词汇题时运用;

冒号:冒号的前后是抽象到具体的过程,重点时冒号的后面。文章首段出现冒号,冒号后为一个单词或词组,即为文章中心词;冒号后为句子,往往时文章中心句。

分号:前后为并列关系,哪个看懂看哪个;

引号:在文章开头时用于引出话题,文中解释说明,重点为引号解释说明的论点。可将之等同于例子。

括号:补充说明,解释词义,重点看。

表引申意的单词

Utopia 乌托邦,子虚乌有,不存在Shangri-la 子虚乌有Dominoes连锁反应New World 美洲大陆Old World 欧洲Free World 发达国家ZZZ睡觉

“than”

More A than B 与其B不如A,重点是than之前

More than 远不止,它所在的句子的下一句为重点

No more than 仅仅,不超过,重点是than之后

A less than

B A少B多

Other than 除非,除此之外,所在句子下一句为重点

None other than 恰好是,正好是

No other than 只不过,无非是,在选项中一般为过分绝对

A rather than B是A而不是B,than之前重要

Rather 而是,重点看之后

易混淆词

Anything but 不可能nothing but 只有

Out of question 没问题out of the question 不可能

美国政府

The White House Washington D.C. President The name of president Administration 立法机构:美Congress国会英Parliament议会

写作

描述段策略

1.一看数字,名词,地点,人/动物/物体

2.二看位置(面对面,背靠背,肩并肩,手拉手,中心周围,内外)

3.动作神态

4.尾句选一点主题。

人生观、价值观

The spirit of self-improvement 自强不息

Down-to-earth working style 脚踏实地

The spirit of exploration 探索精神

Cooperation team-work mutual support合作

Self-confidence自信self-dependence 自立

Optimistic spirit乐观

Mutual understanding between neighbors/individuals爱心,友谊Mutual affection between individuals

Physical exercise健康

Social responsibility 社会责任感

教育

Balanced development of a child 平衡发展(考过)Independence/self-reliance 独立(考过)

Overprotection/doting care溺爱(考过)

Over-expectation to one’s child 过高期待

Excessive academic pressure学业负担

Test-oriented education 应试教育

Cultivation of creative thinking 培养创造力

科技

Internet /cell phone

On-line addiction

Indulgence in a net world/net indulgence

On-line shopping

广告、诚信

Lack of occupational self-discipline缺乏行业自律

Misleading information in the market promotion

Empty promises in the market promotion 空泛承诺

Sales of counterfeit goods 销售假货

环保(可能性低)

Awareness of environmental protection

Over-exploitation of natural resource

Ecological balance

Green commuting 绿色出行low carbon of life style低碳

交通(参考价值小)

Drunk driving酒驾

Tired driving

Traffic rules

养老

The wellbeing of the seniors老年人福利

The health and happiness of the seniors安度晚年

娱乐

Pet keeping 宠物

Star worship追星

Flaunting wealth 炫富

Travel abroad

文化

Cultural inter exchanges in various forms文化交流Conservation of the traditional heritage文化遗产保护Protection of ancient constructions

发展(边缘话题)

Space exploration

Contribution by the rural workers

Housing problem

Price hike of oil supply

Tourism development

A war of corruption反腐

阐述框架结构:

重要,有害,要重视;

挣钱,省时,担责任;

方便,快捷,要安全;

娱乐,要身心健康;

帮助他人,有助成功;

遵守法规,维护道德;

发展,兼顾环境文化。

看法段策略

建立监控机制,专家出办法;

媒体呼吁;

民众配合;

结尾句。

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