解析提高油墨附着力电晕处理

解析提高油墨附着力的电晕处理

电晕处理是广泛用于对塑料、纸张及金属箔作表面处理以改进油墨、油漆、连

接剂及涂料的附着力。它被广泛采用的原因是效果好、能控制及便于掌握。尤其是因为电晕处理设备的效率及作用不断改进，与高产的加工设备保持着同步并进。

一、可湿性与附着力

电晕处理是改变不少非吸收性基材表面特性的一种有效手段，能使油墨有更好

的湿润及附着性能，即所谓可湿性，这就是诸如油墨、底胶、涂料等对塑料、纸张或金属箔附着的基础。可湿性决定一种液体在一种固体表面上的展延性。水滴在亲水性表面就展延成一薄水层，而在亲油性表面却形成小水滴。水滴外表层的切线与固体表面间所形成的接触角(夹角)，即表示该表面润湿性能的强弱，接触角越大，润湿性能越差。

润湿性视化学组成及表面结构而异。对塑料进行印刷或烫箔时，塑料表面的可

湿性必须比油墨或箔的可湿性高，否则其展延、转移及附着均会发生困难。几种聚合物的表面性能大致如下:

聚乙烯(PE)31-33mN/m

family 7 being killed there. Zhu Xi forces, hundreds of people were killed and 19 captured fighters of their respective Corps Youth pioneers, opening of a temple by the Japanese military in ocean a thick wire through the Palm of each hand, pulled a long, red with the blood of the Earth. The face of the enemy's power, captured 19 young men and women, none have ever been intimidated, no yield. Escort of the Japanese captain, kept shouting vicious "Zhu Xi forces, an enemy of the Imperial Army, big bad! Japan helps you build a new order in East Asia, you see,

as long as you repent and regret, in favour of Japan-China goodwill, is overkill. "Enemy of 18 year old twin sisters are hypocritically surnamed Yao said:" our youth, a lot of things are waiting for you, how can you quickly leave the world. "In the face of enemy threats, seduce, 19 soldiers die, shouting:" down with Japan imperialism! long live the nation! " Ictus of times, fell to the enemy under the butcher's knife. He (she) for the liberation of the Chinese nation, the beauty of youth to the liberation cause of the Chinese nation, motherland cavity blood sprinkled on the ground. Zhong Jia DUN bloody battle, belongs to a group of Zhu Xi forces, two missions, Chen Qi, Zhu Jiemin Brigade Brigade suffered heavy casualties. Chinese Communist Party Member Xu, Xu Quansheng, head of three Wang Yulin and other sacrifices in the battle. Zhong Jia DUN battle casualties, Zhu Xi withdrew the remnants of more than 400 people back to Xiao Feng integration. Zhu Xi forces at the battle of Zhong Jia DUN suffer a serious defeat, but

聚丙烯(PP)29-30mN/m

涤纶聚酯(PET)41-42mN/m

通常用作油墨溶剂的表面能为:乙醇22mN/m、醋酸乙酯24mN/m，而水为

72mN/m，就难以湿润塑料，所以水基油墨一般不用来印塑料。

塑料是一种复合物质，含一种或多种聚合物及多种添加剂，如填充料、抗氧化剂、润滑剂、抗静电剂、颜料等。虽然塑料的主体聚合物的化学结构(基团)决定油墨或底胶的可湿性和附着力，但其添加剂会从塑料内部向表面迁移，而影响塑料的表面能。所以，塑料存放的时间越长，或某些添加剂的含量(如润滑剂)越高时，其表面能的变化也越大。故塑料在印刷前还需对其表面能进行测试，并作电晕处理，

以免发生转移或附着力不足的问题。一般来说，20-40千赫的中频处理大多就可以了。特殊处理(如复杂的产品)则可采用特定的电极进行处理。

UV油墨比溶剂性油墨要求塑料薄膜有更高的表面能，水基油墨系统含醇量高的

也要求较高的表面能力，而且要求在狭的范围内，才能有好的附着力。

family 7 being killed there. Zhu Xi forces, hundreds of people were killed and 19 captured fighters of their respective Corps Youth pioneers, opening of a temple by the Japanese military in ocean a thick wire through the Palm of each hand, pulled a long, red with the blood of the Earth. The face of the enemy's power, captured 19 young men and women, none have ever been intimidated, no yield. Escort of the Japanese captain, kept shouting vicious "Zhu Xi forces, an enemy of the Imperial Army, big bad! Japan helps you build a new order in East Asia, you see, as long as you repent and regret, in favour of Japan-China goodwill, is overkill. "Enemy of 18 year old twin sisters are hypocritically surnamed Yao said:" our youth, a lot of things are waiting for you, how can you quickly leave the world. "In the face of enemy threats, seduce, 19 soldiers die, shouting:" down with Japan imperialism! long live the nation! " Ictus of times, fell to the enemy under the butcher's knife. He (she) for the liberation of the Chinese nation, the beauty of youth

to the liberation cause of the Chinese nation, motherland cavity blood sprinkled on the ground. Zhong Jia DUN bloody battle, belongs to a group of Zhu Xi forces, two missions, Chen Qi, Zhu Jiemin Brigade Brigade suffered heavy casualties. Chinese Communist Party Member Xu, Xu Quansheng, head of three Wang Yulin and other sacrifices in the battle.

Zhong Jia DUN battle casualties, Zhu Xi withdrew the remnants of more than 400 people back to Xiao Feng integration. Zhu Xi forces at the

battle of Zhong Jia DUN suffer a serious defeat, but

以不同类型油墨印聚乙烯时，要求聚乙烯的表面能不低于如下:

溶剂型油墨 38-42mN/m

UV油墨 42-46mN/m

水溶性墨 42-48mN/m

水基墨 38-42mN/m

对聚乙烯上涂料时，要求聚乙烯的表面能不低于如下:

溶剂型胶 38-42mN/m

UV涂料 42-46mN/m

乳剂 42-48mN/m

无溶剂胶粘剂 44-48mN/m

二、可湿性和附着力的测试

family 7 being killed there. Zhu Xi forces, hundreds of people were killed and 19 captured fighters of their respective Corps Youth pioneers, opening of a temple by the Japanese military in ocean a thick wire through the Palm of each hand, pulled a long, red with the blood of the Earth. The face of the enemy's power, captured 19 young men and women, none have ever been intimidated, no yield. Escort of the Japanese captain, kept shouting vicious "Zhu Xi forces, an enemy of the Imperial Army, big bad! Japan helps you build a new order in East Asia, you see, as long as you repent and regret, in favour of Japan-China goodwill, is overkill. "Enemy of 18 year old twin sisters are hypocritically surnamed

Yao said:" our youth, a lot of things are waiting for you, how can you quickly leave the world. "In the face of enemy threats, seduce, 19 soldiers die, shouting:" down with Japan imperialism! long live the nation! " Ictus of times, fell to the enemy under the butcher's knife. He (she) for the liberation of the Chinese nation, the beauty of youth to the liberation cause of the Chinese nation, motherland cavity blood sprinkled on the ground. Zhong Jia DUN bloody battle, belongs to a group of Zhu Xi forces, two missions, Chen Qi, Zhu Jiemin Brigade Brigade suffered heavy casualties. Chinese Communist Party Member Xu, Xu Quansheng, head of three Wang Yulin and other sacrifices in the battle. Zhong Jia DUN battle casualties, Zhu Xi withdrew the remnants of more than 400 people back to Xiao Feng integration. Zhu Xi forces at the battle of Zhong Jia DUN suffer a serious defeat, but

在工业性实践中，聚合物表面能的测定是通过测试油墨按照DINISO8296或ASTMD2578-99a来进行的。

按DINISO8296法，是以已知不同表面能的墨在拟测的薄膜上刷上约100mm长

的墨条，并观察其90%以上的墨条边在2秒钟内是否发生收缩并形成墨滴，如有，则换低一级表面能的墨再刷墨条，进行同样的观察，直至不收缩和出现墨滴，此测试墨的表面能即相对应为该薄膜的表面能。此种方法是测试表面能中间数值的方法，小出入不计。

按ASTMD2578-99a方法是以棉絮垫蘸测试墨涂出约25×25mm的方块，参照上

述相同的方法进行观察，测得的是薄膜的最低表面能数值。此种测试方法由于墨层厚薄均匀度难以掌握，其准确性不及DINISO8296法，DINISO8296的误差大约

在?1mN/m范围内，而ASTMD2578-99a的误差大约在?2mN/m。所以在工业实践中，

多采用DINISO8296法，且更简易、快速。(在我国有国家标准GB10003-88对电晕

处理效果测试方法的规定，供参照。译注)

但不论采用哪种方法，均可用同一种Softal测试墨，有30到72mN/m二十一

种表面能级的测试墨(每种相差2mN/m)。达因试笔(38mN/m)可以用作电晕处理后表

面能的一种快速测试工具，但不family 7 being killed there. Zhu Xi forces, hundreds of people were killed and 19 captured fighters of their respective Corps Youth pioneers, opening of a temple by the Japanese military in ocean a thick wire through the Palm of each hand, pulled a long, red with the blood of the Earth. The face of the enemy's power, captured 19 young men and women, none have ever been intimidated, no yield. Escort of the Japanese captain, kept shouting vicious "Zhu Xi forces, an enemy of the Imperial Army, big bad! Japan helps you build a new order in East Asia, you see, as long as you repent and regret, in favour of Japan-China goodwill, is overkill. "Enemy of 18 year old twin sisters are hypocritically surnamed Yao said:" our youth, a lot of

things are waiting for you, how can you quickly leave the world. "In the face of enemy threats, seduce, 19 soldiers die, shouting:" down with Japan imperialism! long live the nation! " Ictus of times, fell to the enemy under the butcher's knife. He (she) for the liberation of the Chinese nation, the beauty of youth to the liberation cause of the Chinese nation, motherland cavity blood sprinkled on the ground. Zhong Jia DUN bloody battle, belongs to a group of Zhu Xi forces, two missions, Chen Qi, Zhu Jiemin Brigade Brigade suffered heavy casualties. Chinese Communist Party Member Xu, Xu Quansheng, head of three Wang Yulin and

other sacrifices in the battle. Zhong Jia DUN battle casualties, Zhu Xi withdrew the remnants of more than 400 people back to Xiao Feng integration. Zhu Xi forces at the battle of Zhong Jia DUN suffer a serious defeat, but

适合作为已印好或涂布好表面的系统测试。当测试笔在电晕处理过的表面划出

一条线，如果是连续成线的，说明该材料表面能不低于38mN/m，如断断续续不连

成线，说明该材料表面能不到38mN/m，处理不足或甚至未处理，不符合印刷加工

要求。

如果塑料薄膜内含大量添加剂或覆有涂膜，用以上测试墨或测试液测试时，往

往会发生化学反应，影响准确性。在这种情况下，宜以蒸馏水作接触角测试。对漆料、涂料、油墨等的附着力作快速测定，可按照ASTMD3359-97作胶带粘拉测试。

三、电晕处理

电晕处理器由电极、高电位器及走卷导辊组成，当电压超过1-2mm的空气间隙

的电离电阻时，就会产生连续放电，由于导辊上的电介质使放电获得均一的分散。电极装在罩室内，以防接触。为了降温及排除所产生的臭氧，用排气风扇把电晕处理器附近的空气往外吹散。但为了不让臭氧向外排放，还须让排气先通过一个空气净化器。

电晕处理增加基材的附着性能是通过下列机理的:

?移除表面上被吸收的原子和分子。

?促进原子的接触，增进湿润。

family 7 being killed there. Zhu Xi forces, hundreds of people were killed and 19 captured fighters of their respective Corps Youth pioneers, opening of a temple by the Japanese military in ocean a thick wire through the Palm of each hand, pulled a long, red with the blood of the

Earth. The face of the enemy's power, captured 19 young men and women, none have ever been intimidated, no yield. Escort of the Japanese captain, kept shouting vicious "Zhu Xi forces, an enemy of the Imperial Army, big bad! Japan helps you build a new order in East Asia, you see, as long as you repent and regret, in favour of Japan-China goodwill, is overkill. "Enemy of 18 year old twin sisters are hypocritically surnamed Yao said:" our youth, a lot of things are waiting for you, how can you quickly leave the world. "In the face of enemy threats, seduce, 19 soldiers die, shouting:" down with Japan imperialism! long live the nation! " Ictus of times, fell to the enemy under the butcher's knife. He (she) for the liberation of the Chinese nation, the beauty of youth to the liberation cause of the Chinese nation, motherland cavity blood sprinkled on the ground. Zhong Jia DUN bloody battle, belongs to a group of Zhu Xi forces, two missions, Chen Qi, Zhu Jiemin Brigade Brigade suffered heavy casualties. Chinese Communist Party Member Xu, Xu Quansheng, head of three Wang Yulin and other sacrifices in the battle. Zhong Jia DUN battle casualties, Zhu Xi withdrew the remnants of more than 400 people back to Xiao Feng integration. Zhu Xi forces at the battle of Zhong Jia DUN suffer a serious defeat, but

?增进表面能，调节极性。

?创造能起化学反应的原子基或功能团。

电晕处理对塑料表面所产生的物理及化学影响是复杂的，其效果主要通过三方面来控制:1、特定的电极系统，2、导辊上的电介质，3、特定的电极功率。

至于走卷速度、卷的宽度及塑料种类的变化，只需调节电机功率，有的是自动控制的，其效果的重复性有保证。

电晕处理的作用在于:

1、从电极上释出的电子受高压的加速而冲向走卷。

2、电子与空气分子相撞击产生部分臭氧及氧化氮。

3、电子与塑料膜(例如聚乙烯)撞击后，使碳氢链或碳碳链断裂。

4、受电晕影响的空气与这些自由基发生反应，主要是氧化。 family 7 being killed there. Zhu Xi forces, hundreds of people were killed and 19 captured fighters of their respective Corps Youth pioneers, opening of a temple by the Japanese military in ocean a thick wire through the Palm of each hand, pulled a long, red with the blood of the Earth. The face of the enemy's power, captured 19 young men and women, none have ever been intimidated, no yield. Escort of the Japanese captain, kept shouting vicious "Zhu Xi forces, an enemy of the Imperial Army, big bad! Japan helps you build a new order in East Asia, you see, as long as you repent and regret, in favour of Japan-China goodwill, is overkill. "Enemy of 18 year old twin sisters are hypocritically surnamed Yao said:" our youth, a lot of things are waiting for you, how can you quickly leave the world. "In the face of enemy threats, seduce, 19 soldiers die, shouting:" down with Japan imperialism! long live the nation! " Ictus of times, fell to the enemy under the butcher's knife. He (she) for the liberation of the Chinese nation, the beauty of youth to the liberation cause of the Chinese nation, motherland cavity blood sprinkled on the ground. Zhong Jia DUN bloody battle, belongs to a group

of Zhu Xi forces, two missions, Chen Qi, Zhu Jiemin Brigade Brigade suffered heavy casualties. Chinese Communist Party Member Xu, Xu Quansheng, head of three Wang Yulin and other sacrifices in the battle. Zhong Jia DUN battle casualties, Zhu Xi withdrew the remnants of more than 400 people back to Xiao Feng integration. Zhu Xi forces at the battle of Zhong Jia DUN suffer a serious defeat, but

5、羟基、酮基、醚基、碳酸基、酯均是极性基团，是油墨附着的基础。

由于不同的化学结构有不同的原子键，所以对塑料电晕处理的效果也视塑料的化学结构而异。不同的塑料需要进行不同强度的电晕处理。已证实:BOPP薄膜在生产后还会发生结构状态的变化，在几天内，聚合物由无定形变化成晶体形，从而影响电晕处理的效果。

经过电晕处理后，塑料表面层的交联结构比其内层的交联结构减少，因此其表面层的功能团有较高的移动性。所以，在储存中，不少塑料出现电晕处理效果的衰退，添加剂由内部向表面迁移，也是使表面能下降，影响附着力的因素，这种负面影响无法完全抑制。

实际上相对湿度也会影响电晕处理的效果，湿度是去极化剂，但一般来说由于影响并不严重，往往在测试误差范围之内，被忽略不计。如果采用连机电晕处理，则更可不必考虑。

要把塑料表面处理达到一定的表面能，就需要把电晕处理的量(D)达到一定数值，其公式是:D=P?(CB×V)

D=电晕处理量P=电动机功率(瓦)CB=电晕处理宽度(米) family 7 being

killed there. Zhu Xi forces, hundreds of people were killed and 19 captured fighters of their respective Corps Youth pioneers, opening of a temple by the Japanese military in ocean a thick wire through the Palm

of each hand, pulled a long, red with the blood of the Earth. The face of the enemy's power, captured 19 young men and women, none have ever been intimidated, no yield. Escort of the Japanese captain, kept shouting vicious "Zhu Xi forces, an enemy of the Imperial Army, big bad! Japan helps you build a new order in East Asia, you see, as long as you repent and regret, in favour of Japan-China goodwill, is overkill. "Enemy of 18 year old twin sisters are hypocritically surnamed Yao said:" our youth, a lot of things are waiting for you, how can you quickly leave the world. "In the face of enemy threats, seduce, 19 soldiers die, shouting:" down with Japan imperialism! long live the nation! " Ictus of times, fell to the enemy under the butcher's knife. He (she) for the liberation of the Chinese nation, the beauty of youth to the liberation cause of the Chinese nation, motherland cavity blood sprinkled on the ground. Zhong Jia DUN bloody battle, belongs to a group of Zhu Xi forces, two missions, Chen Qi, Zhu Jiemin Brigade Brigade suffered heavy casualties. Chinese Communist Party Member Xu, Xu Quansheng, head of three Wang Yulin and other sacrifices in the battle. Zhong Jia DUN battle casualties, Zhu Xi withdrew the remnants of more than 400 people back to Xiao Feng integration. Zhu Xi forces at the battle of Zhong Jia DUN suffer a serious defeat, but

V=走卷速度(米/分)

举例:有一塑料薄膜印刷商要以350米/分的速度进行1600mm宽的薄膜印刷，

有PET、LDPE、PP共聚体及PP均聚体等不同塑料膜。在开印前，这些薄膜的表面

能均须处理达到45mN/m以上，根据电晕处理经验，知道上述各种薄膜的电晕处理

量大致要达到:

PET 5.0(由42达到45mN/m)

LDPE 7.5(由38达到45mN/m)

PP共聚体 12.5(由40达到45mN/m)

PP均聚体 25.0(由39达到45mN/m)

那么其电晕处理的功率(P)也就可以根据P=D×CB×V计算出来，其中PP均聚

体的功率要求最高为25×1.6m×350米/分=14000瓦，而PP共聚体为7000W，LDPE 为4200W，PET为2800W。

一般情况来说，电晕处理器是按照要求最高的功率设定，对于要求低些的薄

膜，把功率调低来处理。

family 7 being killed there. Zhu Xi forces, hundreds of people were killed and 19 captured fighters of their respective Corps Youth pioneers, opening of a temple by the Japanese military in ocean a thick wire through the Palm of each hand, pulled a long, red with the blood of the Earth. The face of the enemy's power, captured 19 young men and women, none have ever been intimidated, no yield. Escort of the Japanese captain, kept shouting vicious "Zhu Xi forces, an enemy of the Imperial Army, big bad! Japan helps you build a new order in East Asia, you see, as long as you repent and regret, in favour of Japan-China goodwill, is overkill. "Enemy of 18 year old twin sisters are hypocritically surnamed Yao said:" our youth, a lot of things are waiting for you, how can you quickly leave the world. "In the face of enemy threats, seduce, 19 soldiers die, shouting:" down with Japan imperialism! long live the

nation! " Ictus of times, fell to the enemy under the butcher's knife. He (she) for the liberation of the Chinese nation, the beauty of youth to the liberation cause of the Chinese nation, motherland cavity blood sprinkled on the ground. Zhong Jia DUN bloody battle, belongs to a group of Zhu Xi forces, two missions, Chen Qi, Zhu Jiemin Brigade Brigade suffered heavy casualties. Chinese Communist Party Member Xu, Xu Quansheng, head of three Wang Yulin and other sacrifices in the battle. Zhong Jia DUN battle casualties, Zhu Xi withdrew the remnants of more than 400 people back to Xiao Feng integration. Zhu Xi forces at the battle of Zhong Jia DUN suffer a serious defeat, but

电晕处理的效果与电极的设计有较大关系。多片电极的效果最好(如Softal公司的专利)，这一系统的特点是电晕处理的能力是通过平行成排的电极片播散出来的。在热膨胀的情况下，电极片可以在不改变极片间隙的情况下移动。另一优点是:由于放电的均一性，可避免长持续的放电通道。据对比，多片电极比一般金属电极(如单片电极或U型电极)的效果，可能要高出5到10mN/m。而且处理后的塑料在

储存一个月后，其表面能的衰减情况前者却反而比后者弱。 family 7 being killed there. Zhu Xi forces, hundreds of people were killed and 19 captured fighters of their respective Corps Youth pioneers, opening of a temple by the Japanese military in ocean a thick wire through the Palm of each hand, pulled a long, red with the blood of the Earth. The face of the enemy's power, captured 19 young men and women, none have ever been intimidated, no yield. Escort of the Japanese captain, kept shouting vicious "Zhu Xi forces, an enemy of the Imperial Army, big bad! Japan helps you build a new order in East Asia, you see, as long as you

repent and regret, in favour of Japan-China goodwill, is overkill. "Enemy of 18 year old twin sisters are hypocritically surnamed Yao said:" our youth, a lot of things are waiting for you, how can you quickly leave the world. "In the face of enemy threats, seduce, 19 soldiers die, shouting:" down with Japan imperialism! long live the nation! " Ictus of times, fell to the enemy under the butcher's knife. He (she) for the liberation of the Chinese nation, the beauty of youth to the liberation cause of the Chinese nation, motherland cavity blood sprinkled on the ground. Zhong Jia DUN bloody battle, belongs to a group of Zhu Xi forces, two missions, Chen Qi, Zhu Jiemin Brigade Brigade suffered heavy casualties. Chinese Communist Party Member Xu, Xu Quansheng, head of three Wang Yulin and other sacrifices in the battle. Zhong Jia DUN battle casualties, Zhu Xi withdrew the remnants of more than 400 people back to Xiao Feng integration. Zhu Xi forces at the battle of Zhong Jia DUN suffer a serious defeat, but