定语从句讲解总结
定语从句讲解总结 Prepared on 24 November 2020
定语从句讲解
一．定语从句
1.注意英汉差异：汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语则不然，是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面，
如：①.a beautiful girl ②.a lovely boy
是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面，
如：③.She is the girl in red. 她就是穿红衣的女孩。
④.The lady carried a bag full of money. 那位女士背了个装满钱的包。
⑤.He is the man who you are looking for. 她就是你在找的人。
2.分清主句与从句，看究竟哪个句子缺少成分。
如上面第5：主句：He is the man
从句：who you are looking for
在从句中，looking for 的宾语是the man.因此选用关系代词 who(whom)放置于句首，便是定语从句。
3.从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略，故第5题可以写成：
He is the man you are looking for.
二．定语从句（从句部分）
1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语
2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后
Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.
3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词
（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，
如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。
数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。
（2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：
①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.
②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。
There are many places we can visit（them）in China.
4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词
关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose, as。
关系副词：when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。
5、确定关系词的步骤
（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。
（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
一．关系代词which的用法
1.English is a language.
It is spoken all over the world.
=> English is a language which is spoken all over the world. 英语是世界各地都在使用的语言。
2.He looked for a car.
The engine of the car was in good condition.
=>He looked for a car the engine of which was in good condition.
3.Where is the parcel
We received it this morning.
=> Where is the parcel (which) we received this morning 今天早上我们收到的包裹在哪里二．关系代词that的用法
1.He 's in love with a girl that/who has red hair. 他正和一位红发女孩谈恋爱。
2.Baseball is the sport that/ which most boys like. 棒球是大多数男孩喜欢的运动。
三．注意that/ which区别：
在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which
（1）先行词被形容词最高级修饰
1. Today is the coldest day (that) we have ever experienced. 今天是我们经历过最寒冷的一天。（2）先行词被序数词修饰
2. The first thing (that) you have to do is to study mathematics.
你必须做的第一件事就是学习数学。
（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。
3. The driver and the car that had fallen into the sea were quickly recovered.
掉到海里的司机和车子很快就被捞起来了。
（4）主句中已有疑问词who 或 which 时
Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting 在大会上被表扬的那位妇女是谁 Which is the picture (that) Mary painted 哪一幅是Mary 画的画
（5）先行词被 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of、the same、the very等修饰时。
5. Li Ming is the only one that wants to be a teacher. 李明是唯一一个想当老师的学生之一。
（6）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。
All (that) he said was not true. 他所说的并非全是真的。
We haven't got much that we can offer you. 我们没有多少东西能身你们提供。
My brother fixed almost anything that needed repairing. 我哥哥几乎修理了任何一个需要修理的东西。（7）有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个宜用that.
7. Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
爱迪生办了一家工厂，生产过去从未见到过的东西。
在定语从句中，下列情况的关系词宜用which 而不用that
(1)可用于非限定性定语从句中，代替物、整个主句或主句中的一部分。
(2)可用于介词之后，即介词 + which (代物)。
that the man
You lent the money to him.
Is that the man (whom/that) you lent the money to . 那位就是跟你借钱的人吗
Is that the man to whom you lent the money (这里的whom不能被that代替)
2. The train for which I am waiting is now half an hour late. 那班我正在等的火车现在已晚了半小时。
3. This is the habit which you must try to do with. 这是你必须改掉的习惯。
（如果是固定短语，介词不能被提到关系代词前）
四．关系代词who/whom的用法
1.This is the man with whom I worked. 这位就是和我一起工作的人
2.This is the teacher who often tells jokes. 这就是那个常讲笑话的老师。
五．关系词who与that的区别
关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词
（1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。
（2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who。
（3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。
Who is that girl that is standing by the window
（4）whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。
六．关系代词whose的用法
Whose 是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物
1. He looked for a car.
Its engine was in good condition.
=> He looked for a car whose engine was in good condition. 他在找一部引擎状况好的车子。
七．What的用法
重点：
What = the thing(s) which
= all that
= anything that
1.The thing which I want is peace of mind.
=> What I want is peace of mind. 我所析是心灵的平静。（经典口语句）
2.She told the detectives all that they wanted to know.
=> She told the detectives what they wanted to know. 她告诉侦探们他们想要知道的所有事情。
3.I don't know what they were talking about.
A.我不知道他们谈论的事情。（关系代词）
B.我不知道他们在谈论什么。（疑问词）
注意what的重点：
1. What is called/ what we(you, they) call 所谓的
She is what is called /what we call a walking dictionary. 他是所谓的活字典。
2.A is to... What B is to ... A 之对...的关系正如B之对...的关系
Air is to us what water is to fish. 空气之于人犹如水之于鱼。
3.What A is (was/used to be) 今日的A（昔日的A）
She is not what she was ten years ago. 她不再是十年前的她。
4.What is + 比较级更...的是
What is more 更好的是；而且
What is worse = to make matters worse 而且更糟的是
八．关系代词可省略
1.关系代词作宾语可省略
The lady (whom) we met on the street is our teacher. 我们在街上遇见的女士是我们的老师。
2.关系代词作补语可省略
She is not the beautiful girl (that) she was. 她现在不像以前那么漂亮
3.在there(here) is (are)的句型中，关系代词可省略。
1.There is someone (who) wants to see you. 有人想要见你。
2.There are many young men who are against him. 有许多年轻人反对他。
注意：在there be 开头的句子中，要注意be动词的单、复数要与关系代词who后面的谓语动词的单复数保持一致。
4.关系代词后有there(here) is (are) ,关系代词可省略。
This is the only tie (that) there is in this store. 这是这家店里唯一的一个领带。
九．one of 与 the (only) one of 的区别
1.One of + 复数名词 + 关系代词 + 动词的复数
Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Hollywood.
《泰坦尼克号》是好莱坞制作的最精彩的电影之一。
2.The (only) one of + 复数名词 + 关系代词 + 动词单数
Titanic is the (only) one of the most wonderful movies that has been produced in Hollywood.
《泰坦尼克号》是好莱坞所制作的唯一一部精彩的电影。
十．Which 与as的区别
1.Which 引导的从句，代表前面的整个主句，此时，不能放在主句之前。
2.As 引导的定语从句,代表整个主句，它可以放主句之前或之后,as在从句中做宾语。
As everybody know, Taiwan belongs to China.
= As is known to us, Taiwan belongs to China. 众所周知，台湾属于中国。
3.先行词是整个句子的非限定性定语从句置于句尾时，既可用as引导，也可用which引导.
The teacher is from Beijing, as/which they know from his accent.
他们从老师的口音中就知道他是北京人。
Mary lives in an old castle, whose window faces the sea.
= Mary lives in an old castle, the window of which faces the sea.
玛丽住在一座古老的城堡中，城堡的窗户面向着大海。
十一．限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的用法
限定性定语从句：对先行词的内容加以限定。
非限定性定语从句:对先行词不加限定，只具有使句子连续的功能，只用来说明前面
的主句的部份或全部。
关系代词可用（and/but/because/for 等 + 代名词）来替换。
1.We have two daughters who became nurses. 我们有两个当护士的女儿。（句中没提到女儿的总数）
2.We have two daughters, who became nurses. 我们有两个女儿，她们都是护士。（只有两个女儿）
= We have two daughters, and they became nurses.
3.I have a sister who is a teacher. 我有一个当老师的姐姐（姐姐不止一个）
= I have a sister, who is a teacher. 我有一个姐姐，她是当老师的。（只有一个姐姐）
4.I bought a hat, which was too big for me.
= I bought a hat, but it was too big for me.我买了一顶帽子，但我戴太大了。
十二、关系副词
1.关系副词的作用：
在定语从句中代替先行词。
在从句中做状语，起副词和介词短语的作用。
起连接作用，它把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句。
2.关系副词有下列三种：
where :在从句中做地点状语，指代地点。（可用于非限定性定语从句）
即：表地点的名词 + where + 定语从句
when :在从句中做时间状语，指代时间。（可用于非限定性定语从句）
即：表时间的名词 + when + 定语从句
why : 在从句中做原因状语，指代原因。
即：表原因的名词 reason + why + 定语从句
Why 只用于reason 之后的限制性定语从句中，作原因状语。
3.When, where, why 都可以替换成“介词 + which”,介词的选用取决于先行词和定语从句中的动词。
1.This is the house where I was born .这就是我出生的那所房子。
= This is the house in which I was born.
= This is the house which / that /可省 I was born in.
4.关系副词when, where 既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限必定语从句。
5.先行词为reason 时，限制性定语从句可以用why 或for which 来引导；非限制性定从句则只能用for which 来引导。
1.I had told them the reason, ____ I didn't attend the meeting.
A.For which
B. At which
C. For whom
D. Why
2. I had told them the reason _____ I didn't attend the meeting.
A. When
B. Which
C. Why
D. For
that
6.Whom 在限制性定语从句中可以被who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中，whom不能用who代替。
7.关系副词when与where、why、that
when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which
where指地点 = in / at / from / which
why指原因 = for which
当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合）
I don’t like the way that / in which / ×he talks. 我不喜欢他说话的样子。
当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。
This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.
8.带reason 的定语从句与表语从句的区别：
1.定语从句: The reason why (that)...
2.表语从句：The reason is that ...（不能用why, 否则就重复了）
1.Do you know the reason why he was late 你知道他为什么迟到了吗
2.The reason is that I want to invite you to a party. 原因就是我想邀请你参加一个晚会。
十三、关系副词和关系代词的区别
1.关系代词在从句中作主语或宾语；关系副词在从句中作状语。
1.This is the house where I work now. 这就是我现在工作的房子。
2.This is the house (that/which) I visited. 这就是我参观过的房子。
3.I'll never forget the day when I joined the army. 我永远也忘不了我参军的那一天。
4.I'll never forget the day (that/which) we spent together. 我永远忘不了我们一起度过的那一
天。
十四、such ... as ...和the same ... as ...的用法（as在从句中作主语，宾语或表语）
1.such ... As ... 像... 一样的,像... 之类
2.the same ... as ... 和... 同样的
1.My best friend is not the same man as he was.我最好的朋友和过去不同了。
2.This is the same thing as we are in need of. 这东西和我们所需要的东西是一样的。
3.This book is not such as I expect. 这不是一本我所希望的书。
十五、the same ... as ...与 the same ... That ...的用法
1.the same ... that ...; 和... 相同（同一）
2.the same ... as ...; 和... 相同（同类）
两者都引导定语从句，意思相近或相同，但如果从句中省去谓语时，必须用as代替that.
1.He works in the same shop as / that I do. 他和我在同一个车间干活。
2.She is the same age as you. 她和你同岁。
注意：
1.This is the same pen that I lost. 这支钢笔就是我丢掉的那一支（指同一支笔）
2.This is the same kind of pen as I lost. 这支钢笔跟我丢掉的一模一样（但并不是原来的那一支）
12、必须注意的问题
（1）关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。
（2）注意区别定语从句与强调句。
①定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。
②强调it无意义，that / who不是引导词。
③强调it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。
（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
①定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。
②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。
Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语)
We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定语)
（4）关系词在从句中省略的情况。
①关系词作宾语，前无介词时。
②关系词作表语。
（5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。
（6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。
（7）几个特殊的定语从句句型：
①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.（句中one为先行
词）
He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中students为先行词）
②Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday
Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday
③He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.
④It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.
精典名题导解
选择填空
1. The film brought the hours back to me _________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.（NMET 2001）
解析：答案为C。本题考查分隔定语从句的关系词的选择。作好本题的关键是要能辨认出该定语从句的先行词the hours和关系词被介词短语to me所分隔。定语从句的先行词是表时间的名词hours, 并且关系词在从句中用作状语，故应选择表示时间的关系副词when。
2. ___________ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.(NMET 2001)
解析：答案为B。本题考查as引导的非限制定语从句。as作“正如……”解时，引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰整个句子。当as在从句中作主语时，常用于下列短语：as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announced
等。要注意掌握作关系代词引导定语从句的用法。
3. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ___________ he grew up as a child.(NMET 1996)
解析：答案为B。本题考查限制性定语从句中关系词的选择。定语从句的先行词是表示地点的名词短语the small town, 且关系词不作定语从句中的主语和宾语而作地点状语，因此定语从句必须用关系副词where引导。要注意分清先行词在从句中充当的成分，然后选择适当的关系词。
定语从句的“干扰”作用
定语从句，就其功能来说，在整个句子中相当于一个形容词，对某一名词或代词起着修饰作用，作定语。在掌握它的各种功能的同时，我们还要注意到含有定语从句的句子在补充信息的同时，关系词与其他连词容易混淆，尤其是与其他句式的结合，更使得整个句子显得扑朔迷离，使考生感到无从下手，我们说此时定语从句起的是干扰作用。本文结合具体例子来谈此种现象。
一、把定语从句与强调句型混为一谈，从而构成相互干扰。
本句型变化的特征在被强调部分或其他部分中找出一个先行词，附上修饰该部分的定语从句，这样整个句子结构就变得非常复杂。例如：
1．——He was nearly drowned once.
——When was _______
——____ was in 1998 ______he was in middle school.
A. that; It; when
B. this; This; when
C. this; It; that
D. that; It; that
[简析]：本题答案为A。由于定语从句的干扰作用，相当一部分考生选了D。这样就成了It was in 1998 that he was in middle school.这样就成了一个强调句型，意为“是在1998年他上的中学”，孤立地看本句虽成立，但联系上下文来看，却属“所问非所答”。因为上文问的是“他何时差点每被淹死”而非“何时上的中学”。原来when是关系副词，引导定语从句，修饰1998。定语从句when he was in middle school 干扰了强调句型中的that结构。
在下面的两个句子里，划线部分均为起干扰性的定语从句。
2．It was in the village where he was born that he spent his childhood.
[简析]：划线部分为定语从句，修饰先行词village。
3．It was playing computer games that cost the boy plenty of time （that）he ought to have spent doing his lessons.
[简析]：划线部分作定语从句修饰先行词time。本题中有两个that，最大的误会就是把二者弄混，第一个that是强调句型中的；第二个that是关系代词引导定语从句的。因其作spent的宾语，可以省去。
二、定语从句干扰主句的谓语。
4．The letter we were looking forward to _____yesterday.
A. coming
B. came
C. come
D. has come
[简析]：由于同学们已经记得很熟，look forward to doing sth(期待去做某事), to为介词，因此不假思索就选A。其实，we were looking forward to为定语从句，修饰先行词即主语letter，介词to的宾语实为主语，而不能对其后的谓语起任何作用，结合时态用法，答案为B。再如：
5．Was the car he had repaired
[简析]：本句看似复杂，尤其是受思维习惯的影响把he had repaired连在一起，其实去掉定语从句he had则水落石出： Was the car repaired
三、定语从句对和名词性从句的相互干扰。
由于形式上的近似，定语从句对名词性从句起着干扰作用，造成考生分不清究竟是定语从句或是名词性从句。做此类题时要慎重，细心。
A．定语从句干扰表语从句
6．Is this school ______your father worked in ten years ago
7．Is this school ______your father worked ten years ago
A. where
B. what
C. that
D. the one
[简析]：看了半天，眼睛发酸，才发现两题只有一词(in)之差，正是这一词之差，第一题选D，your father worked in作定语从句修饰the one; 第二题选A, where 引导后面的句子作表语从句。
下面两句都是定语从句，只不过是关系词的不同。
8．Is this the school that your father visited ten years ago
9．Is this the school where your father worked ten years ago
有时虽同为定语从句，但修饰的先行词却不同：
10．Is this room the one he lived in last year （修饰the one）
11．Is this the room he lived in last year （修饰the room）
B．定语从句干扰同位语从句
12．The suggestion _________ you should do it at once is not the one _______ I gave you.
A. what; which
B. which; what
C. that; that
D. which; that
[简析]：定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系，而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact, news, belief, truth, reply，promise, suggestion等。that在定语从句中做成分，可用which 或who/whom代替；而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用, 综上所述，答案为C。试比较：
13．We all have heard the news that our team won. (同位语从句，that从句表示news的内容，that 在此只起连接作用，不作句子成分。)
14．We don’t believe the news that/ which he told us the other day. (定语从句，关系代词that/which 作told的宾语，可以省去)
C．定语从句干扰主语从句
15．As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.
[简析]：as引导非限定性定语从句，指代主句内容，可放在主句前，用逗号与之隔开。
16．It is known to all that Taiwan is part of China.
[简析]：it 作形式主语，代替that引导的主语从句。
下面是一些同类的例子，请认真把握：
17．The suggestion he thought of was reasonable. (定语从句)
18．The suggestion was that he (should) leave immediately.（表语从句）
19．The suggestion that he leave immediately is reasonable. (同位语从句)
20．It is my suggestion that he leave immediately. (主语从句)
21．It is a fact that he was a thief. （主语从句）
22．The fact that he was a thief surprised everyone present. （同位语从句）
23．I nearly forgot the fact that he told me yesterday. （定语从句）
24．The war and suffering it caused affected him greatly. （定语从句）
四、定语从句对状语从句的干扰作用。
25．He is _____a clever boy _______ we all like him.
A. such; that
B. such; as
C. so; that
D. so; as
[简析]：本题选A。许多考生对such …as结构很熟悉，但没有深入分析as的引导功能和在句子中所作的成分而误选B。由于句中him的存在，不能使用as，这是such…that 引导的结果状语从句。试比较下列两句：
26．He is such a good student as is liked by everyone. (定语从句)
27．He is such a good student that he is liked by everyone. （结果状语从句）
下面这个题把定语从句和结果状语从句有机地结合在一起，请欣赏：
28．It is such a good place ______ everybody wants to go and visit _____ it is well known all over the world.
A. that; that
B. as; as
C. as; that
D. that; as
[简析]：此类试题可看作一个模式：“…such+名词+as+定语从句+that+结果状语从句”，故答案选C。
五、定语从句与独立主格结构的相互干扰。
29．With everything she needed bought, she left the shop happily.
[简析]：句中的划线部分为定语从句，修饰先行词everything，使独立主格结构复杂化。
30．Not far from the club, there was a garden, _____ owner seated in it playing bridge with his children every afternoon.
A. whose
B. its
C. which
D. that
[简析]：经过对多名学生的实验，几乎都把空格所在的句子看作非限定性定语从句而选了A。殊不知，这是一个独立主格结构，its owner作seated的逻辑主语，应选B。如选A，应在owner和seated之间加上was。
六、定语从句对主谓一致句式的干扰
31．One of the boys who______ my friends______very good at English.
A. is; are
B. are; is
C. is; is
D. are; are
[简析]：定语从句中的谓语动词须与先行词的数保持一致，这就要找准先行词。关键是看准定语从句所修饰的是one 或是boys。如是one of…，定语从句谓语动词用复数；如是the (only) one of …，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。但不管那种形式，主句中的谓语动词要用单数形式，故答案选B。再如：
32．He is one of the students who are late for class.
33．He is the only one of the students who is late for class.
七、定语从句对并列句的干扰作用。
34．I have two novels, and both of ________ are interesting.
35．I have two novels, both of _______are interesting.
A. what
B. them
C. which
D. whom
[简析]：以上两题，带连词and的为并列句，不带连词的为非限定性定语从句，故34例选具体人称代词them，35选关系代词which。在做类似题的时候，一定得注意巨子间有没有连词，这是解题的关键。
八、定语从句对一些固定句式的干扰
36．You can’t imagine the hard time she had ______ the children.
A. bringing up
B. to bring up
C. growing
D. on raising
[简析]：结合题义和词义，我们可以断定句中的she had是定语从句，修饰前面的time。将其还原成正常句式则为：she had a hard time (in) bringing up the children.故答案选A。
下面的几例都是有正常的句式转化而成的定语从句，你能看出其常见的结构吗
37．The washing machine she had had repaired went wrong again.
38．You can’t imagine the difficulty I had finding your lost car.
39．The person you had help me proved to be capable.
40．I lay in the sofa, enjoying the beautiful music Jack had coming out of his DVD.
定语从句专项知识点总结汇总
定语从句专项知识点总结汇总 - 定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。 被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。 关系副词有：when, where, why, how。 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。 定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 1 关系代词引导的定语从句 1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? (who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. (whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换). 例如： Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等. 例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. (which / that在句中作宾语) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语) 关系代词that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法区别：
as引导定语从句的用法
as引导定语从句的用法 as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思 (1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe. ================================ As 的用法例 1. the same…as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。 I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。 As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health. As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语； 例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。 一、“as / which”特殊定语从句的先行成分 1. 形容词或形容词短语作先行成分, 具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分，如： My grandmother’s house was a lways of great importance to me, as my own is. 在一定的语言环境里，有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是，在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后，引导定语从句的关系代词不能用who / whom. 2. 动词短语先行成分。 这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语，它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词do和as / which一起代替。do可以出现，也可以不出现，但不能用其它动词代替。 3. 句子作先行成分。 这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句。有时是连续几个句子，有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事。 二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置 由于先行成分的构成成分不同，“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况：1. 形容词做先行成分时：形容词或形容词短语（含具有形容词性质的名词）作先行成分，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。 2. 动词短语作先行成分时：动词短语作先行成分时，“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是，当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时，“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。 3. 句子作先行成分时：“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活，可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引语，“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句，“as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义。由于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点，所以有时它的位置不能随便移动。在非正式的文体里，“which”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。
英语定语从句简单总结
英语定语从句简单总结 英语定语从句简单总结怎么写？相信很多人都想知道吧？以下是小编为您整理的英语定语从句简单总结相关资料，欢迎阅读！ 英语定语从句简单总结 定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。 被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。 关系副词有：when, where, why, how。 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。 定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 关系代词引导的定语从句 1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.(whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换). 例如：Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等. 例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.(which / that在句中作宾语)
(新)高中英语语法定语从句总结全
高中英语定语从句详解 Ⅰ. 概念： (1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。 (2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 (3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系词的作用： 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词； 2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语） 常用的关系代词: that、which、who、whom、whose,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。 常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when（时间状语）、why（原因状语）、where（地点状语） 可以修饰人的关系代词：that, who, whom, whose 可以修饰事的关系代词：that, which, as, whose, The student who answered the question was John. I know the reason why he was so angry. The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother. I'd like a room whose window faces the sea. 定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词； 第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语、表语或状语）； 第三选择合适的关系词。 Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法： ●that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如： 1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语) 2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now? 3. You can take anything ( that) you like. （宾语） 4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about? 5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see. 6. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.（表语） 7. Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be. （= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be. = Our hometown is different from what it used to be。 = Our hometown is not what it used to be.） ●which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语。如： 1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语） 2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语） ●who, whom, whose: who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，只可指人 whom: 宾格，在从句中只能作宾语; 只可指人 whose: 表所属关系，在从句中作定语。译为：某人的，某物的
英语中六大从句用法总结
英语中六大从句用法总结 1.主语从句 1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有： *It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that... *It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that... *It is clear\important\likely\possible that... *It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that... It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation. It seems that the performance is very useful. 2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。 What we lack is experience. 3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。 How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again. I did know why I felt like crying. 2.宾语从句 1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。 *I promised that I would change the situation. *All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship. *He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children. *This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long. 2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。 He has made it clear that he would not change his mind. 3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。 He didn't think that the money was well spent. 3.表语从句 表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that 常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because. Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America. The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.
as在定语从句中的用法
关系代词as 引导的定语从句 1、as 可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如： He married her, as was natural. 他跟她结婚了，这是很自然的事。 He is honest, as we can see. 他很诚实，这一点我们看得出来。 2、as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。另外，as 常 常有“正如、正像”的含义。如： As is known to all, China is a developing country. 众所周知，中国是发展中国家。 He is from the south, as we can know from his accent. 他是南方人，从他的口音我们就可以知道。 John, as you know, is a famous writer. 正如你所知，约翰是个著名作家。 3、当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。如： I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过象他讲的这样的故事。 He is not such a fool as he looks. 他可不象他看上去的那样傻。 This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 这部词典跟我上星期丢失的一样。 注意： 当先行词受the same 修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如：She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary's wedding. 她穿着她在玛丽婚礼上穿过的那个同一条连衣裙。 She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. 她穿就像着跟她妹妹所穿的一样的连衣裙。
as在定语从句中的用法
一.as在定语从句中做关系代词,在从句中充当主语,宾语,或表语,as 做表语习惯省略be动词. as在限制性定语从句中 1.such+名词+as从句 such用来修饰名词 I don't like such a man as talks big.我不喜欢吹牛的人. Such house as she could find was expensive .凡是他能找到的房子都很贵. 注意区别下面两句话 This is such an interesting book as everyone likes.定语从句 as 做宾语这是一本每个人都喜欢的书. This is such an interesting book that everyone likes it. 结果状语从句这是一本有趣的书以至于每个人都喜欢.(such 修饰名词,so修饰形容词或副词) such+名词+as 表列举 I like such animals as dogs ,cats. such +n+as to do sth I am not such a fool to believe her .
such as to do sth Met with disappointments such as to drive me mad . 2.such as从句 such是代词在主句中充当主语,宾语,表语 Such as you see is our house. such as 表列举 I know three languages, such as Chinese,English. such+n+as to =such+n+(that)从句 as such 意思是"本身" Money as such will seldom bring happiness. the same +名词 +as从句 I have the same book as he is reading. 定语从句 as做宾语我有一本和他正在读的一样的一本书.(两本书) I have the same book that he is reading. 定语从句 that做宾语我得到了他正在读的那本书.(同一本书) as(so)+adj+a+名词+as从句只能用名词单数
定语从句用法总结
定语从句用法总结 一.定义：定语由一个句子来充当，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句。 eg: The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other.其中划线部分为定语从句。 二.分类：分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，还有间隔性定语从句。 eg: is the school (that/which)we visited last year. （限制性定语从句） weather turned out to be very good,which was more than we could expect. （非限制性定语从句） days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.（间隔性定语从句） ] 注：定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句无逗号隔开、不可缺少、起修饰限制作用；而非限制性定语从句有逗号隔开、可有可无、起补充说明作用。 三.构成：定语从句有先行词、引导词和从句构成。 先行词是定语从句所修饰限制的名词或代词。 引导词是用来引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词。 eg: The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other. 此句中先行词为：narrow streets and small houses, ( 引导词为：that，定语从句为：that are built close to each other 四．基本原则 定语从句中不能出现与先行词在意义上相一致的词 is the book that I like it best .(it 与book指同一物，所以要去掉。) 五．定语从句中常见考点：
高中英语语法定语从句总结全
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英语定语从句用法总结
英语定语从句用法总结 定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后关系代词的用法：1. 作主语用who, which和that, 如： He is the man who/that lives next door. The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen. 2. 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如： The man we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book I bought last week? 注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略;用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。 3. 作定语用whose, 如： It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语 He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. 4. 作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如： He is no longer the man that he used to be.
This is no longer the dirty place we met yesterday. 3. why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如： That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. 注：why时常也可以省略。如： That is the real reason he did it. + which; where = in he arrived. The office where he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why we did it. 2. 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或 宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点 状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory where radio parts are made. His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts. 3. when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导 非限制性定语从句。而why 只
as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语
as的用法: (as引导定语从句,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语) (1)如为限制性的，多用于the same …as ; the same as；such …as …; as many/muchas；so …as等结构中。如： 1. I have the same book as you (have).我有一本和你的一样的书。 Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. (关系代词as和指示代词same连用,在从句中用作表语,先行词是same.) 2.---Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now? --- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning. We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests.Don't do such things as you are not sure about. There is no such place as you dream of in all this world. 比较： I live in the same house that he used to live in. I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday. 比较： Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.（定语从句） Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句） (2)如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"。（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.） 1. As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as作宾语) =As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health .（as作主语）
定语从句用法归纳完整版
定语从句用法归纳标准化管理处编码[BBX968T-XBB8968-NNJ668-MM9N]
定语从句用法归纳 篇一：定语从句的用法一、定语从句的有关概念所谓定语从句，就是在复合句中起定语作用以修饰主句中的名词或代词的从句。学习定语从句，首先要弄清两个重要概念——先行词和关系词。先行词是我们汉语中从来没有听过的一个新概念，它其实指的就是被定语从句所修饰的词。由于定语从句修饰名词或代词时，定语从句通常是后置的，所以人们就将放在定语从句前被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 那什么是关系词呢其实它就是用于引导定语从句的引导词。事实上，英语中的各类从句，不管性质如何，它们都需要有一个词来“引导”，正如人们给引导状语从句的词语取了个名字叫从属连词一样，人们也给引导定语从句的词语取了个名字，叫它关系词，因为它通常被放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，以表明两者之间的修饰关系，同时它还在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。二、定语从句中关系词与所修饰先行词的关系 为了更好地理解定语从句，我们还有必要研究一下关系词与先行词之间的关系。但在研究这种关系之前，我们先来看看关系词有哪些。根据关系词在定语从句中的作用，我们可以将关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种。所谓关系代词就是指起代词作用的关系词，它们在引导定语从句的同时，还在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、宾语等，英语中比较常用的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose等。类似地，关系副词就是指起副词作用的关系词，它们在引导定语从句的同时，还在定语从句中充当状语等，英语中比较常用的关系副词只有三个，即when, where和why。许多初学定语从句的人弄不清关系词与先行词之间到底是什么关系。其实啊，关系词与先行词之间的关系很简单，简单得可以划一个等号。因为，关系词的含义在本质上等价于先行词，它与先行词指的就是同一个人或同一个事物。为便于理解，下面我们来看几个例子吧。I know the man who lives next door. 我认识住在隔壁的那个人。这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。句中的the man为先行词，who lives next door为修饰the man的定语从句；在定语从句中，who是关系词，它在定语从句中用作主语，从意义上说，它在
高考英语定语从句难点总结归纳
高考英语定语从句陷阱题总结归纳 ◆典型陷阱题分析◆ 1.The factory was built in a secret place,around______high mountains. A.which was B.it was C.which were D.them were 【陷阱】容易误选A或B,将A、B中的which和it误认为是其后句子的主语。【分析】最佳答案是C,around which were high mountains是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句,而在该从句中,主语是high mountains,around which是表语,所以句子谓语应用复数were,而不是用单数was.请做以下类例题目(答案均为C: (1Yesterday we visited a modern hospital,around_______some fruit shops. A.which is B.it is C.which are D.them are (2The murder happened in an old building,beside______the city police station. A.which are B.it is C.which is D.them are (3Next month we’ll move to a new building,next to_______a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food. A.which are B.it is C.which is D.them are 2.A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked,“Is there a hospital around______I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?” A.that B.which C.where D.what 【陷阱】容易误选B,认为around是介词,选which用以代替前面的名词hospital,在此用作介词around的宾语。 【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错,但问题是,照此分析,此句的意思即为:有没有这样一个医院,我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤?这样的语境显然有点不合情理,因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤,而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选C的理由是:句中的around不是介词,而是副词,意为“在附近”;其后的where引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital,句意为:附近有没有一家医院,我可以去治我的手伤? 3._____is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month. A.It
高中英语的定语从句归纳与总结
定语从句 概念：定语从句，一个简单句跟在一个名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它通常只能放在被修饰的词（即先行词）之后。定语从句由关系词（关系代词、关系副词）引导，关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。 结构：先行词+关系词+从句 关系词： 关系词的类型：关系代词：who,whom,which,that,在从句中可作主语或宾语，whose,在从句中作定语 关系副词：why,where,when,其中why=for which，where=in/at/on which， when=during/on/in which,在从句中做状语 关系词的作用：1.连接作用，连接主句和定语从句 2.指代前面的先行词 3.在定语从句中担任成分 关系词的选择:1.看先行词（被定语从句修饰的词）先行词是“物”可能用which，that，whose,where，when，why等,先行词是“人”可能用who，whom，that， whose等 2.看关系词在定语从句中所担任的句子成分①先行词是人且关系词在从句 中作主语，用who/that②先行词是人且关系词在从句中作宾语，用 whom/that③先行词是物且关系词在定语从句中作主语，用that,which. ④先行词是物且关系词在从句中作宾语，用that,which，也可以省略 记住：关系代词作宾语或表语是可以省略的，作主语是不能省略的，因为主 语后直接是动词，省略的话就出现先行词直接接从句动词的语法错误。举例： Is there anything that you want to say? 中的that就可以省略。而He is the headmaster of this school who also teaches Chemistry. 中的who就不能省 略。⑤先行词是“人”或“物”，关系词在从句中作定语表所属关系，用 whose引导定语从句.注意：表示所属关系不仅仅是人,这个就叫做所属关系， 因此所属关系除了whose以外就有两个，对人是of whom,对物是of which. ⑥先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，则用关系副词引导定语从句。注意： 如果从句中的谓语动词是及物动词且后面无宾语，那么，即使先行词是表时 间、地点或理由的名词，也不能用关系副词（when，why，where），而要用 可作宾语的关系代词that或which，要考试的同学们千万千万要记住哦！ 3.必须用that引导的情况①先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等②先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰③先行词被 all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some等修饰④先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时⑤先行词既有人又有物时⑥当句中已有who时， 为避免重复用that 限定与非限定定语从句 定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 限定性定语从句： 例：I like the book which he bought yesterday.(我喜欢他昨天买的书) 非限定性定语从句：
英语六大从句用法总结
英语中六大从句用法总结 从句是指用于复合句中担当某个句子成分的主谓结构。虽说从句自身的句子结构是完整的，但是它不能视为独立的句子，因为它离开了主语就无法独立、完整地表达意思。按其所能表达的意义而言,它相当于一个词或是一个词组. 按从句的句子功能划分（也就是按从句在句子中所担任的成分来划分），从句可分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。 1.主语从句 1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有： *It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that... *It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that... *It is clear\important\likely\possible that... *It is said\reported\estimated\has been proved that... It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation. It seems that the performance is very useful. 2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。 What we lack is experience. 3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。 How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again. I did know why I felt like crying. 2.宾语从句 1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。 *I promised that I would change the situation. *All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship. *He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children. *This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long. 2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。 He has made it clear that he would not change his mind. 3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。 He didn't think that the money was well spent. 3.表语从句 表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.
As引导的定语从句(含配套练习与答案)
As引导的定语从句（配练习与答案） 一、Review定语从句 1. 定语从句的基本用法 2. 限制性定从的基本用法 a. 作用：起限定作用, 不可省，使句意不完整。 b. 位置：位于先行词之后，不用逗号。 c. 翻译：用形容词的形式去翻译。 d. 修饰：先行词。 ! Eg: He has two sisters who are working in the city. （他有两个在城市里工作的妹妹。） 3.非限制性定从 a.作用：起补充说明, 可省。 b.位置：位于先行词之后，用逗号隔开。 c.翻译：译成两个并列句。 Eg: He has two sisters , who are working in the city. (他有两个妹妹，都在城市里工作。) d.不能用“that”引导非限制性定从。 e.修饰：先行词或整个句子。 (which可指代整个句子) f.^ g.Eg: He missed the show, which was a great pity. (他错过了那个节目，真是太遗憾 了。) h.表达先行词部分或全部的数量的结构为：先行词为人：some/all + of +whom 先行词为物：some/all + of +which Eg: Here are the questions , some of which I thought are very easy. 二、as 引导限制性定从 1. as 作关系代词, 可指人也可指物, 在从句中可作主语和宾语。 2. 固定搭配: such as (例如, 象这样)，as…..as (和…..一样)，the same as (与…..相同) Eg: Such people as had made great contributions should be respected. (主语) # Eg: You can take as many books as you need. （宾语） 三、As引导的非限定性定从句