欧美文学名篇选读参考答案
作者作品搭配
Geoffrey Chaucer 杰佛里.乔叟
1.The Canterbury Tales <坎特伯雷故事
集>
2.The Book of the Duchess<公爵夫人之
书>
3.Troilus and Criseyde <特洛伊罗斯与克
瑞西达>
4.The Legend of Good Women <贞洁妇
女的传说>
5.The House of Fame <名誉之屋>
6.The Parliament of Fowls 《百鸟议会》
7.Romance of the Rose 《玫瑰传奇》
William Shakespeare 威廉.莎士比亚
1. A Mid-Summer Night’s Dream 仲夏
夜之梦
2.The Merchant of Venice 威尼斯商人
3.As You Like It 皆大欢喜
4.Twelfth Night 第十二夜
5.Hamlet 哈姆雷特
6.Othello 奥赛罗
7.King Lear 尔王
8.Macbeth 麦克白
9.Venus and Adonis 维纳斯和阿多尼斯
10.The Rape of Lucrece 鲁克丽丝受辱记
Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯.培根
1.Advancement of Learning 学术的进
展
2.Novum Organum 新工具
3.The New Atlantic 新大西洋岛
4.Essays 随笔
Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔.笛福
1.Robinson Crusoe 鲁宾逊漂流记
2.Caption Singleton 辛格顿船长
3.Moll Flanders 莫尔.佛兰德斯
4. A Journal of the Plague Year 大疫年
日记William Blake 威廉.布莱克
1.The Chimney Sweeper 扫烟囱的孩子
2.Song of Innocence 天真之歌
3.Song of Experience 经验之歌
4.Poetical Sketches 素描诗集
5.The French Revolution 法国革命
6.The Marriage of Heaven Hell 天堂与
地狱的婚姻
7.America:A Prophecy 美国
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3d3922985.html,ton 弥尔顿
Robert Burns 罗伯特.斯
1. A Red, Red Rose 一朵红红的玫瑰
2.Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect
格兰方言诗集
3.The Tree of Liberty 自由树
4.Scots Wha Hae 格兰人
5.The Two Dogs 两只狗
6.Holy Willie’s Prayer 威利长老的祈
祷
7.My Heart’s in the highlands 我的心
呀在高原
8.John Anderson, My Jo 约翰.安徒
生
9. A Man’s a Man for All That 不管那
些
William Wordsworth 威廉.华兹华斯1.She Dwelt Among the Untroddrn
Ways 《Lucy Poems》露茜组诗
2.The Solitary Reaper 刈麦女
3.I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud 我
好似一朵流云独自漫游
4.Lyrical Ballads 抒情歌谣集
5.An Evening Walk 黄昏漫步
6.The Excurison 远足
7.The Prelude 序曲
George Gordon Byron 乔治.戈登.拜伦
1.She Walks in Beauty
2.Oriental Tales 叙事诗
3.Don Juan 唐璜
4.Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage 恰尔德.
哈罗德游记
5.The Prisoner of Chillon 锡雍的囚
徒
6.Manfred 曼弗雷德
7.Cain 该隐
8.The Vision of Judgment 审判的幻
境
9.The Age of Bronze 青铜世纪
Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加.爱伦.坡
1.To Helen 致海伦
2.The Raven 乌鸦
3.Annabel Lee 安娜贝尔.
4.The Bells 钟声
5.The Fall of the House of Usher 厄
舍古宅的倒塌
Walt Whitman 瓦尔特.惠特曼
1.O Caption！My Caption！A，船长！
我的船长！
Emily Dickinson 埃米莉.狄更生
1.I Died for Beauty 为美而死
2.Success 成功
3.I’m Nobody 我是小人物
Jane Austen 简.奥斯丁
1.Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见
2.Sense and Sensibility 理智与情感
3.Mansfield Park 曼斯菲尔德公园
4.Emma 爱玛
5.Northanger Abbey 诺森觉寺
6.Persuasion 劝导
Charlotte Bronte 夏洛蒂.勃朗特1.Jane Eyre 简.爱
2.Shirley 雪莉
3.The Professor 教授
4.Villette 维莱特
Washington Irving 华盛顿.欧文
1.Rip Van Winkle 瑞普.凡.温克尔
2.The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 睡谷
传奇
3. A History of New York
Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔.霍桑
1.The Scarlet Letter 红字
2.Mosses from an Old Manse 古宅青
苔
3.The House of the Seven Gables 七
个尖角阁的房子
4.The Marble Faun 石雕像
5.The Blithedale Romance 福谷传奇
William Butler Yeats 威廉.巴特勒.叶芝
1.The Second Coming 第二次圣临
2.The Lake Isle of Innisfree 茵尼斯弗
利岛
3.When You Are Old 当你老了
4.Sailing to Byzantium 驶向拜占庭
5.The Winding Stair 盘旋的楼梯
William Faulkner 威廉.福克纳
1. A Rose For Emily 献给埃米莉的玫
瑰
2.The Sound and the Fury 喧嚣与骚
动
3.As I Lay Dying 在我弥留之际
4.Light in August 八月之光
5.Absalom，Absalom！押沙龙,押沙龙
诗歌翻译和赏析
Sonnet 18 William Shakespeare 威廉.莎士比亚
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate.
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer's lease hath all too short a date.
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimmed;
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed;
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;
Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st.
So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
译文
我怎么能够将你比作夏天?
你比夏天更美丽温婉。
狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残，
夏日的勾留何其短暂。
休恋那丽日当空，
转眼会云雾迷蒙;
休叹那百花凋零，
摧折于无常天命;
唯有你永恒的夏日长新，
你的美貌亦毫发无损。
死神也无缘将你幽禁，
你在我永恒的诗中长存。
只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇，
这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。
1.Discuss S ‘s use of the “summer’s day”. Why does he choose this image?
答：The poet compares his friend to summer, and then by describing the instability of summer to show his friend’s immortality. His purpose is to tell us that the power of beauty comes from man. The poet is praising the spirit of Renaissance—Humanism.
2.What are the theme and the rhetorical devices of this sonnet?
答：The friendship between good friends and the eternity of their friendship. Rhetorical questioning, simile personification and parallelism.
The Chimney Sweeper William Blake 威廉.布莱克
A little black thing among the snow: 风雪里
一个满身乌黑的小东西
Crying weep, weep, in notes of woe! “号呀，号”
在那里哭哭啼啼!
Where are thy father & mother? say? “你的爹娘上哪儿去了，你讲讲?”
They are both gone up to the church to pray.
“他们呀都去祷告了，上了教堂。
Because I was happy upon the heath, “因为我原先在野地里欢欢喜喜，
And smil'd among the winters snow: 我在冬天的雪地里也总是笑嘻嘻,
They clothed me in the clothes of death, 他们就把我拿晦气的黑衣裳一罩，
And taught me to sing the notes of woe. 他们还叫我唱起了悲伤的曲调。
And because I am happy & dance & sing, “因为我显得快活，还唱歌，还跳舞，
They think they have done me no injury: 他们就以为并没有把我害苦，
And are gone to praise God & his Priest & King, 就跑去赞美了上帝、教士和国王，
Who make up a heaven of our misery. 夸他们拿我们苦难造成了天堂。”
1.What kind of social reality has been reflected in this poem?
答:The use of young children as chimney sweepers. Children were often sold at the age of 7 to work as chimney sweepers. They were badly treated, without enough clothes, food or housing. They were placed in constant danger of suffocating or burning, and the soot caused cancer and other serious illnesses that resulted in painful and early deaths
统治阶级: This poem exposes the hypocrisy and corruption of the ruling-class people. The political and religious leaders, represented by God, Priest and King, are hypocritically pious. They maintain a sumptuous life but ignore the poverty-stricken groups. Through the child’s simple statement, the poet intends to attack them for their indifference and ruthlessness.
2.Why is the chimney sweeper called “a little black thing”?
答: The little black thing is a little boy who is a chimney-sweeper. It is chimney-sweeping that has made him look black. “A little black thing”refers to poor child who has been made black because of chimney-sweeping.
She Dwell Among the Untrodden Ways William Wordsworth 威廉.华兹华斯
She dwelt among the untrodden ways
Beside the springs of Dove,
A Maid whom there were none to praise
And very few to love:
A violet by a mossy stone
Half hidden from the eye!
—Fair as a star, when only one
Is shining in the sky.
She lived unknown, and few could know
When Lucy ceased to be;
But she is in her grave, and, oh,
The difference to me! 译文:
她住在人迹罕至的地方
她住在人迹罕至的地方，
在白鸽溪水旁，
没有谁赞美这位姑娘，
更无人来爱赏。
她是青苔石边的紫罗兰，
秀色半遮半掩！
她美如孤星遥挂天边，
星辉烁烁闪现。
没有谁知道她活在人世，
或者死于何时；
呜呼，伊人如今已仙逝，
苦痛唯有我知！
1.What does the poet compare the girl to? 答:A “Viollet” and to a “Star”
2.What is the importance of the imagery in this poem?
The Solitary Reaper
BEHOLD her, single in the field, 看，一个孤独的高原姑娘，
Yon solitary Highland Lass! 在远远的田野间收割，
Reaping and singing by herself; 一边割一边独自歌唱，
Stop here, or gently pass! 请你站住．或者俏悄走过！
Alone she cuts and binds the grain, 她独自把麦子割了又捆，And sings a melancholy strain; 唱出无限悲凉的歌声，
O listen! for the Vale profound 屏息听吧！深广的谷地
Is overflowing with the sound. 已被歌声涨满而漫溢！
No Nightingale did ever chaunt 还从未有过夜莺百啭，
More welcome notes to weary bands 唱出过如此迷人的歌，Of travellers in some shady haunt, 在沙漠中的绿荫间
Among Arabian sands: 抚慰过疲惫的旅客；
A voice so thrilling ne'er was heard 还从未有过杜鹃迎春，
In spring-time from the Cuckoo-bird, 声声啼得如此震动灵魂，
Breaking the silence of the seas 在遥远的赫布利底群岛
Among the farthest Hebrides. 打破过大海的寂寥。
Will no one tell me what she sings? -- 她唱什么，谁能告诉我？
Perhaps the plaintive numbers flow 忧伤的音符不断流涌，For old, unhappy, far-off things, 是把遥远的不聿诉说？
And battles long ago: 是把古代的战争吟咏？
Or is it some more humble lay, 也许她的歌比较卑谦
Familiar matter of to-day? 只是唱今日平凡的悲欢
Some natural sorrow, loss, or pain, 只是唱自然的哀伤苦痛——
That has been, and may be again? 昨天经受过，明天又将重逢？
Whate'er the theme, the Maiden sang 姑娘唱什么，我猜不着，As if her song could have no ending; 她的歌如流水永无尽头；
I saw her singing at her work, 只见她一边唱一边干活，
And o'er the sickle bending; ――弯腰挥镰，操劳不休……
I listen'd, motionless and still; 我凝神不动，听她歌唱，
And, as I mounted up the hill, 然后，当我登上了山岗，The music in my heart I bore, 尽管歌声早已不能听到，
Long after it was heard no more. 它却仍在我心头缭绕。
1.How does the first stanza emphasize the solitary state of the reaper?
2.Is it possible to hear the song of the nightingale in the Arabian deserts or the cry of the cuckoo-bird in the Hebrides? If not, why did Wordsworth use these comparisons?
答：The girl is compared to nightingales and cuckoo-birds in a positive light, as through she is one of them, which shows her natural side, The vale profound “Is overflowing with the sound”and this also shows that she and nature are sympathetic to catch other. I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
我孤独地漫游，像一朵云
William Wordsworth
I wandered lonely as a cloud
我孤独地漫游，像一朵云
That floats on high o′er vales and hills,
在山丘和谷地上飘荡，
When all at once I saw a crowd,
忽然间我看见一群
A host, of golden daffodils;
金色的水仙花迎春开放，
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
在树荫下，在湖水边，
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
迎着微风起舞翩翩。
Continuous as the stars that shine
连绵不绝，如繁星灿烂，
And twinkle on the milky way,
在银河里闪闪发光，
They stretched in never-ending line
它们沿着湖湾的边缘
Along the margin of a bay:
延伸成无穷无尽的一行；
Ten thousand saw I at a glance,
我一眼看见了一万朵，
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
在欢舞之中起伏颠簸。
The waves beside them danced;but they
粼粼波光也在跳着舞，
Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
水仙的欢欣却胜过水波；
A poet could not but be gay,
与这样快活的伴侣为伍，
In such a jocund company:
诗人怎能不满心欢乐！
I gazed--and gazed--but little thought
我久久凝望，却想象不到
What wealth the show to me had brought:
这奇景赋予我多少财宝，——
For oft, when on my couch I lie
每当我躺在床上不眠，
In vacant or in pensive mood,
或心神空茫，或默默沉思，
They flash upon that inward eye
它们常在心灵中闪现，
Which is the bliss of solitude;
那是孤独之中的福祉；
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
于是我的心便涨满幸福，
And dances with the daffodils.
和水仙一同翩翩起舞。
1.List the images used in the poem to see how they are effectively used to foreshadow the theme of the poem?
答：
2.Wordsworth is a poet of nature. How do you interpret nature in this poem?
答：
Robinson Crusoe 《鲁滨逊漂流记》Daniel Defoe
1.What kind of character is Robinson Crusoe?
答：Robinson: hardworking, perseverant, resourceful, extremely practical, optimistic, rational, strong-willed, ambitious, adventurous, orderly, cautious, patient, colonial mind, devout, enterprising.
2.What is the function of first person narration in the novel?
答：The first person point of view people uses enables the reader to experience first-hand changes that take people within Crusoe while he is on the island. The gives validity to every word and quote in the novel because it is actually the narrator’s words.
Theme: Novels praised the representatives of the emerging bourgeoisie - Robinson of diligence, wisdom, courage, tenacity and tenacity of good moral character. Novel also reflects the emerging bourgeoisie in the period of capitalist primitive accumulation requirements of the "freedom personality", play to individual brilliance, risk taking, and enterprising spirit of the pursuit of wealth.
Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen
1.What kind of people are Mr.Bennet and Mrs.Bennet?
答：Mr: Elizabeth’s ironic and often apathetic father. Unhappily married, he has failed to provide a secure financial future for his wife and daughters.
Mrs: Elizabeth’s foolish and unrestrained mother who is obsessed with finding husbands for her daughters.
故事语言：witty, warm and ironic
The Scarlet Letter 红字Nathaniel Hawthorne
1.What does “the scarlet letter” stand for in the novel?
答: Predestination, original sin ,total depravity and salvation. And also stands for Hester’s lonely life in New England. After she iss released , Hester lives in a cottage near the outskirts of the city.
2.What does “a wild rose-bush” symbolize in the text?
答:It symbol of passion and the wilderness the ability of nature to endure and outlast man’s activity. Hester’s inability to control her passion and tame it so that she can assimilate to puritan society.
总结:The three changes in
Tess of the D’Urbervilles 德伯家的苔丝Thomas Hardy
1.Does Angel behave as his name indicates?
2.Does Angel still love Tess after her confession to him?
Theme: The tragic fate of Tess and her family was not that of an individual family, but it was symbolic of the disintegration of the English peasantry---a process which had reached its final and tragic stage at the end of 19th century.
2.It was also an attack on the moral conventions of the Victorian the tragedy.
The novel is a fierce criticism of the hypocritical morality of the society and the cruel and inhuman exploitation of the capitalists who invaded the English country and destroyed the peasantry from the root. Tess, a beautiful innocent, honest, sweet-natured and hardworking country girl, is easily taken in and abused by the hypocritical rich, constantly suppressed by the social conventions, brutally exploited by the inhuman capitalists, and eventually execute and by the unfair legal system.
4.Rip Van Winkle瑞普.凡.温克尔
Washington Irving
1.Do you think Rip symbolizes man’s desire to flee from responsibility? Give some examples to support your idea.
Dame Van Winkle---Puritan discipline and the work ethic of Franklin
Rip’s hometown---America;frever and rapidly changing.
A Rose for Emily William Faulkner
1.Emily’s character: Strong willed, impervious, obstinate, isolated, asocial, refusing modern changes, perverted, twisted in personality, eccentric, a living monument, dead while alive—a symbol of tradition
2.A Victim of southem aristocratic traditions.( the tableau) alone, penniless, innocent, longing for love defying conventions—deserving sympathy, a tragic character.