中考英语复习宾语从句学案学生版

中考英语宾语从句复习学案

考情分析

中考对复合句的考查主要是对状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句进行的考查。宾语从句的测试内容包括：宾语从句连接词的确定、宾语从句的时态和语序以及宾语从句和简单句的转换等。

学习目标

1. 掌握宾语从句的语序、时态、引导词、否定转移

2. 运用宾语从句解题方法准确完成宾语从句相关练习。

概念

在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。

We know that Mr Green teaches English.

She asked if these answers were right.

考点一宾语从句的分类

宾语从句在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

1.动宾从句

有些动词可直接连接宾语从句，如believe，admit，consider，dream，promise, declare 等, 基本所有及物动词都能这么用

如：I declare that my work is original.

I do not admit that I have cheated.

They informed me that I have been promoted.

I promise you that I will finish this work within a month.

I promise that I will never break my words.

用it做形式宾语, find, feel, consider, make, believe, think等后面有宾语补足语的时候

如：I think it necessary that we take measures to reduced green house emission.

I have make it clear that you are not welcomed here.

We take it that you will agree with us.

2.介宾从句

很多动词和介词搭配使用，如depends on, surprised at

如：Whether you can succeed depends on how hard you try.

He was not conscious of what a big mistake he had made.

I am surprised at what you said.

介词宾语一般不跟that，只有在固定搭配时例外，如in that，except that, but that, save that等

如：He is different from others in that he is brave.

I know nothing about him except that he killed the dragon.

Your outlook is perfect except that your shoes are dirty.

形宾从句

形容词有动词的意思, sure, certain, glad, please, happy, sorry, afraid, satisfied, surprised

如：I am sorry I am late

I am not sure this is your true intention.

We are glad you are one of us now.

考点二宾语从句的语序

在含有宾语从句的复合句中，无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句必须使用陈述语序，即：主句+连词+宾语从句（主语+谓语+…）

如：I hear that physics isn’t easy

I want to know how soon it will begin.

Could you tell me what I should do with the money?

Can you imagine what kind of man he is?

例1：（2018?广西贵港中考)—Could you please tell me ?

—Yes. I bought them online.

A. where you bought the shoes

B. where did you buy the shoes

C. when you bought the shoes

D. how did you buy the shoes

例2：(2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔) —I don’t know _________.

— You can go and ask Mary.

A. when does the train arrive

B. if she has come or not

C. what I should buy for my sister

例3：(2018·广西河池) 38. 一Could you tell me ________ your holiday, Jim?

一Yes. In Singapore.

A. where did you spend

B. how you spent

C. how will you spend

D. where you spent

考点三宾语从句的时态

1.若主句是一般现在时，从句用任何所需时态（主句是一般现在时，从句事态应根据实际情况而定）。

如：He wants to know if / whether they had a good journey home.

他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。

She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.

她说她从周一至周五上班。（从句是一般现在时）

She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.

她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。（从句是一般将来时）

She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei.

她说她从来没有去过峨嵋山。（从句是现在完成时）

2. 若主句是一般过去时，从句则用跟过去相关的时态。即一般现在时变为一般过去时、现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将来时为过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过去完成时。

如：Did the train leave? She didn’t know. →She didn’t know if / whether the train had left.

He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.

他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)

He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.

他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)

He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time.

他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)

例：(2018山东潍坊)We were all disappointed at ___________.

A. what does the boy Bay B what the boy says

D what the boy said C. what did the boy say

【注意】

1. 从句表达的是客观真理，用一般现在时

如：The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.

例：(2018·甘肃天水)48.We all know that light faster than sound.

A.travels

B.to travel

C.travelling

D. travelled

2. 从句中有明确表示过去时间的词，则从句依然是一般过去时

如：He wondered if you studied in the USA in 1990.

例1：(2018·北京中考）—Alice, could you tell me ______ London?

—Sure. Last Sunday.

A.when Mr. Smith left

B.when Mr. Smith will leave

B.when did Mr. Smith leave D. when will Mr. Smith leave

例2：(2018·山东滨州)—Dad, can you tell me ______? I miss her very much.

—Next month, dear.

A. when my mum will come back

B. when will my mum come back

C. how my mum goes to work

D. where will my mum go

3. 在表示建议suggest 、advise、propose; 要求demand 、desire、request；决定decide; 命令order、command、require;坚决主张insist; 等动词后跟宾语从句，用虚拟语气：（should）+v．（原

形）

如：I suggested that you（should）study hard．

He ordered that we (should )go out at once．

4. 否定转移

主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess时，从句的否定词转

到主句

如：I don't think (that) you are right.

I don't know (that) you are coming. otherwise I would have picked you up

考点五宾语从句的连接词

1.由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。

如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.

She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.

I am sure (that) he will succeed.

2.由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。

这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。

如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?

He asked whose handwriting was the best.

Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?

I don’t know why the train is late.

例1：(2018·江苏无锡)You do not win respect by showing __________ you are, but what you’re able to do.

A. where

B. who

C. how

D. when

例2：(2018·四川资阳)—Mom, I wonder ______we can travel abroad.

—Maybe after the exam, baby.

A. that

B. what

C. how

D. when

例3：(2018·安徽)—I wonder _______ Jane gets on so well with her classmates.

—Because she always cares much about others.

A. whether

B. how

C. when

D. why

3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。

如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there.

He asked me whether (if) I could help him.

4. 但在下列情况下只能用whether：

①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（if…or not 也可以使用）。

如：Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．

（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）

I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．

（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing．）

I wonder whether we stay or whether we go．

②在介词之后用whether。

如：I'm interested in whether he likes English．

We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．

I worry about whether I hurt her feelings．

③在不定式前用whether。

如：He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．

I don't know whether to go．我不知去否。

He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．

④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。

如：Whether this is true or not，I can't say．

⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。

如：Whether she will come or not is still a question．

The question is whether we can catch the bus．

⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。

如：Please let me know if you like the book．可理解为：

a．Please let me know whether you like the book．

b．If you like the book，please let me know．