Negation(正说反译、反说正译)
Translation concerning negation
Aims: to understand the features of Chinese and English as regards negation, the application of negation in the process of translation
Key points: the application of negation in the process of translation
Difficulties: affirmative 肯定in Chinese but negative in English, negative in Chinese but affirmative in English
Teaching procedures:
Negation being an important conception in one’s expression of thoughts, expressions of negations is to be found in any tongue. This is naturally true of Chinese and English. However, the ways of indicating negation are quite different in the two languages. This frequently causes a lot of trouble to translators, who if not careful enough, would often make mistakes.
1. Features of the two languages as regards negation
●1. Both languages have negatives or expressions formed with negatives. In modern Chinese, the much-used negative words are: 不,没,别. These words express three different meanings: 不signifies表示denial of a statement;没denial of a being or occurrence(,非and 否can be put under this category);别dissuasion or prohibition(甭,勿,and 莫can be put under this category)
●The oft-used negatives in English are “not”, and “no”, in addition to “nothing”, ”nobody” “none”, “without”, “ neither…nor”, “never”, etc.
●Chinese negatives are generally capable of producing derivatives, particularly the word 不, 无and 非. Their derivatives are equivalent to English words formed by adding affixes, e.g. 不法unlawful, 不便inconvenient, 无边boundless,非正规军irregulars
●In English, apart from using negatives to express negation, words with a negative sense can be formed by adding affixes to roo t words. The affixes thus used are mainly “less”
suffix “un” “in”, and “non”
●However, English words formed with affixes with a negative, while adjective and nouns formed with “un” such as “unavoidable” and “unbelief” are negative, for instance, verbs forme d with affixes such as “unclasp” and “uncork” affirmative.
●In Chinese, words formed with negatives are generally negative in sense but in some cases they assume new meaning like 非常, which practically means 很.
●In English, the same word formed with a different affix differs in meaning (compare discord with uncord). Sometimes, words formed with different affixes 词缀with a negative sense would produce words with different implications含义---derogatory贬义and the other non-derogatory褒义. For instance, immoral means 不道德,and is therefore derogatory while unmoral means 非道德,无道德观念的,and is therefore non derogatory. 1．W arm-up exercises
2．I don't’ think Tom is correct.
3．I don’t think Xiaoming is coming tomorrow.
4．A re you not going tomorrow?---- No, I am not going .
5．A frica is not kicking out W estern imperialism in order to invite other new masters.
6．T he world today is far from peaceful.
7．O ur PLA is worthy of being called a great army of the people.
8．H e tried his best to overcome the lack of technical data.
9．T he window refused to open.
10．Y esterday he failed to get to school on time.
11．They excluded children from getting in.
12．The building is in a state of neglect.
13．He is often absent- minded.
14．To do this is beyond me.
15．Lei Feng’s noble deeds are above all praise.
16．I, rather than you , should do the work.
17．The truth is quite other than what you think.
18．She refrained from laughing.
19．She was refused admitance by them.
20．An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself.
21．Live up to the expectations of our own people and the people throughout the world.
22．Slips are scarely avoidable when you are new to your work.
23．The meetings were marked by such an absence of lively discussions that at times they were almost on the piont of breaking up.
24．Avoid operating the keys roughly.
25．The scientists made a solemn plege at the conference, saying, “W e’ll forever live up to what our Party expecs of us.”
26．The evidence is conclusive, excluding all possibilities of doubt.
27．That fellow is far from being honest.
28．Luan Ping stood still, trying vainly (in vain) to answer the battery of questions Y ang Zirong raised.
29．That served to strenghen instead of weaken our determination.
30．But for their help. W e should not succeeded in this experiment.
31．All that glitters is not gold.
32．All is not lost.
33．All criminals are murderers.
34．But aal men are born to reign.
35．All that flatter you too much are not faithful friends.
36．Both children are not clever.
37．W e never thought of nothing wrong.我们从来没有想到有什么错误。
2.英语为肯定式,汉语译作否定式(affirmative in English but negative in Chinese)
●Y ou are quite a stranger here.
●Wet paint
●Keep off the lawn
●I failed to understand your meaning.
●A person who does a regrettable action is often regretful afterwards.
●一个人做了不该做的事,日后往往会懊悔.
●Another person runs to avoid doing anything else, to dodge避让a decision about how to lead his life or a realization that his life is leading nowhere.
●另一个人跑步则是为了避而不做别的事,不对如何生活作出决定,不去感受自己生活碌碌无为.
3. 英语为否定式,汉语译为肯定式(affirmative in Chinese but negative in English)
●Where is the wretched 可怜的girl? Why do you not come when I call you?
●Pierre: hey, what the …! Y ou old fool.
●Lena: don’t talk to me that way! I am not your wife.
●Even so, I still insist that for the individual himself nothing is more important than his personal, interior sense of right and wrong and his determination to follow that rather than to be guided by what everybody does or merely the criterion of “social usefulness.”
●即便如此,我仍然坚持认为,对个人而言,最重要的莫过于这种根植于个人心灵深处的是非感，以及坚决按这种是非感行事的决心，而不是随波逐流，或仅仅以是否“对社会有益”为准则。
●I have read your article. I expect to meet an older man.
4. Double negative
●There is no rule that has no exception.
●There is not any advantage without disadvantage.
●It never rains but it pours.
●The sea food goes against my stomach.
●His speech leaves no room to improvement.
●The music is like nothing on the earth.
●In Chinese, there to be found not a few instances where double negation is used for euphemism purposes, e.g. 不无理由，（there might be some reason), 未尝不可（it is not impossible). Expressions of another kind of negation, called “pleonastic negation”(多余否定），exist both in English and Chinese. In English we often come across sentences like the following:
●1. I asked if I could not do anything for him.
●2.Try and think whether you have no friends to help you.
●The negative “not” in the first example and “no” in the second seem to be superfluous 多余的. But their use here is idiomatic. In translation it will not do for the first example to render word for word and say ,我问他我是否不能帮他做点什么。Similarly, it is not right to translate the second example as 想一想你是不是没有什么朋友帮助你。The proper rendering翻译would be 想一想你是不是有什么朋友帮助你。
●1.人来人往，好不热闹。
●What a busy place with so many people coming and going.
●2. 她脚一滑，差点没摔倒。
●She slipped and nearly fell.
Idiomatic usage
●Far from远远不/不
●Y our work is far from satisfactory.
●Far from admiring his paintings I dislike them intensely.（very much）
●Far from advocating nuclear war, China is the only nuclear power to have undertaken never to use nuclear weapons first.中国根本没有鼓吹核战争,是唯一承诺不首先使用核武器的大国.
●Free from 没有
●The Southeast Asian countries want to build a zone of peace, freedom and neutrality, free from any form or manner of interference干预by outside powers.
●Free from anxiety
●Free from arrogance傲慢and rashness轻率
●人人有不挨饿的权力.Every person has the right to be free from hunger.
Too…to 不要总译为太…以致
38．He is too exited to speak.
39．In the past few years, some countries had strikes too many to list.
40．This book contained too much gossip, too many distortions and falsehoods to warrant有正当理由comment.这本书里无聊的话太多,歪曲和弄虚作假之处太多,不值一评.
41．He is too ready to speak.
42．I am only too delighted to accept your kind invitation.
Not too…to and cannot …too
●A teacher should not too proud to learn from his students.老师应该向学生学习
●He was too experienced not to know it .
●We cannot praise him too much .我们给他一个很高的评价
Not …because不是因为
●The engine did n’t stop because the fuel was finished.
●Don’t scamp草率地做your work because you are pressed for time.
●In that city, we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews.
●He didn’t half like the girl.
●I couldn’t feel better.非常
●I couldn’t agree with you more.完全
●If that isn’t what I want!
Half, nearly, possible 和not用在一起时的理解
43．Paper tiger is not half so fierce as it is painted.
44．Not half=not at all
45．The show is not half bad.= It is a very good show.
46．The earth does not pull the kitten to it nearly as much as it pulls a big rock.地球对小猫的引力根本不像对一块儿巨石那么大．
47．His last three novels are not nearly so good as the earlier ones.
48．Such a state could not possibly have waged发动war against its neighbor without the backing from other countries.
exercises
●1.But that’s very extraordinary. It seems against nature.
●2. The Theory of Relativity put forward by Einstein is now above many people’s understanding.
●3. She is too careful not to have noticed it.
●4.Life may well turn out to be the true, rather than exception.
●5.Bite off more than one can chew.
●6. There is no evil without compensation.
●7. They never work without helping each other.
●8. He was in an uncomfortable 心神不宁的predicament.
●9. It was inconsiderate未经熟虑的of him to mention the matter in her hearing.
正说反译和反说正译
8. 正说反译和反说正译 正说反译 正说反译和反说正译的实质是从逻辑上改换说法。由于语言所反映的心理因素和不同语言的情调往往要求译者改换说法。英汉互译中，为了达到功能对等，增强语言交际效果，常常采用这两种技巧 We will live up to what our parents expect of us. 我们不能辜负父母的期望。 If you forward the transcripts yourself, they can be considered official only if the school envelope has remained sealed. 如果本人递交证件，则本人不得擅自拆封，否则证件将被视为无效。 如果自己提交档案，学校的密封信封必须加盖公章、完好无损，否则无效。Private! 闲人免进！ Keep upright! 切勿倒置！ Wet paint! 油漆未干！ Urban clearway! 市区通道，不准停车！ Inflammables—keep away from fire. 易燃物品，切勿近火！ I prefer the red one to the black one. 我要红的，不要黑的。 The news of the assassination of President Lincoln spread like wildfire. 林肯总统遭到暗杀的消息不胫而走。 The plan cracked up through a bad landing. 飞机因着陆不当而撞毁。 Fully clothed, he fell across his bunk and was instantly sleep. 他不脱衣服，往床上一躺就睡着了。 I have fallen behind with my correspondence. 我没有及时回复信函。 Sleeping too long is a lame excuse for being late. 睡眠过久不利于健康。
英语翻译正说反反说正译
英语翻译正说反反说正译
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第八章英翻译技巧（五）正说反译反说正译 正说反译、反说正译的应用 不论是正说反译还是反说正译，究其原因归纳起来主要是：保证语义明确、加强修饰效果、尊重汉语习惯，保证译文通畅易懂。 所谓反面表达，是指英语词句中含有“not”，“never”，“no”，“un-”，“im-”，“ir-”，“in-”，“less-”等否定成分，汉语词句中含有“不”、“没”、“无”、“未”、“甭”、“别”、“休”、“莫”、“毋”、“勿”、“非”等否定成份，不含这些成份的为正面表达。 （一）正说反译的应用 1.谓语动词或动词词组本身表示否定意义，常见的有：Fail, fizzle out, fall short, be frustrated, escape, elude, slip away, stop, cease, overlook, ignore, neglect, refuse, grudge（怨恨，不情愿做）, disdain, reject, turn down, forbid, prohibit, exclude from, bar, ban, expire, be blind to, deny, avoid, omit, forget, prevent from, live up to, resist, miss, lack. I missed what you have said because of the noise outside.由于外面的噪音，我没听清楚你说的话。 To our disappointment, he failed to take the overall situation into account. 使我们失望的是他不顾大局。 Such a chance was denied to me.我没有得到这样一个机会。 2.介词或介词短语含否定之意，常见的词有： Above, against, below, beneath, beyond, instead of, out of, without, but for。 Learn how to be instead of do.要学习如何做人，而不是做事。 The question is above the five-yea-old boy.那个五岁的小孩不懂这个问题。 Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见，心不烦。 But for the storm，we should have arrived earlier.要是没有遇上暴风雨，我们会早到了。 All international disputes must be settled through negotiations instead of any armed conflicts. 一切国际争端应通过谈判而不是武装冲突来解决。 3、一些固定结构也是形式肯定，意思否定，例如absent (from), free from, safe from, different (from), far from, few, little，alien to，anything but, know better than（明白而不至于）, too…to… , rather than，awkward(不熟练、不灵活、使用起来不方便)，bad(令人不愉快的，不受欢迎的、不舒服的)，blind to (看不到、不注意)，dead(无生命的、无感觉的、不毛的)，difficult(不容易的)，foreign to(不适于，与……无关)，short of(不足，不够)，poor(不好的，不幸的)，ignorant of(不懂) He knows better than to do such a thing.他不至于干这样的事。 His work is far from satisfactory.他的工作远远不能令人满意。 The problem is anything but easy.这个问题可决不容易。He is more brave than wise.他有勇无谋 4.含有if, before, unless，would rather 的从句或虚拟语气的句子，如: Jump down from the roof of the building. If you dare.我猜你也不敢从房顶上跳下来。 She will die of hunger before she steals.他宁愿饿死也小愿去偷。 I would rather die before I would betray my country.我宁可死，也不背叛我的祖国。 The troops would rather take a roundabout way than tread on the crops.部队宁可绕道走，也不踩庄稼。 5、许多英语习语从正面表达，习惯上却从反面加以翻译，如: He was utterly in the dark about what had happened in the department yesterday. 他对昨天系里发生的事全然不知。 Leave me alone！别管我！Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。 Better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion.宁为鸡头，不做凤尾。 （二）反说正译的应用 １.双重否定 You cannot make omelettes without breaking eggs.有失才有得/不破不立 We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life. 我们对生活要水远抱乐观态度。 Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.有志者事竟成。
常用翻译技巧：正译法和反译法
译国译民 专心翻译 做到极致 常用翻译技巧：正译法和反译法 正译法和反译法：这两种方法通常用于汉译英，偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译，是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果，但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。如： （1） 在美国，人人都能买到枪。 In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. (正译) In the United States, guns are available to everyone. (反译) （2） 你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。 You can obtain this information on the Internet. （正译） This information is accessible/available on the Internet. （反译） （3） 他突然想到了一个新主意。 Suddenly he had a new idea. (正译) He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正译) A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. （反译） （4） 他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。 He still could not understand me. (正译) Still he failed to understand me. (反译) （5） 无论如何，她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。 She can hardly be rated as a bright student. (正译) She is anything but a bright student. (反译) （6） Please withhold the document for the time being. 请暂时扣下这份文件。（正译） 请暂时不要发这份文件。（反译）
正说反译
1、正说反译： Miss the bus 没有赶上车 Live up to the expectations of my parent 不辜负父母的期望 Be absent from the meeting 没有出席会议 A final decision 不可更改的决定 Frost-free refrigerator 无霜冰箱 Freeze 别动 Mortally ill 不治之症 The window refuses to open 窗户打不开 Children were excluded from getting in the building 儿童不许进入这个房间 The explanation is pretty thin 这个解释站不住脚 I have fallen behind with my correspondence 我有一些信件还没有回复
Fully clothes, he fell across his bunk and was instantly sleep 衣服也不脱，他往床上横着一倒，不一会儿就睡着了 Don’t lose time in posting this letter 不要忘了寄这封信 No deposit will be refunded unless ticket produced 凭票退押金 例1： 原文：她忍住了没有笑出声。 译文：She refrained from laughing. 例2： 原文：花园根本无人整理。 译文：The garden was in a state of total neglect. 例3： 原文：我不能忍受你的脾气。 译文：Your temper is more than I can bear. 例4： 原文：他宁死不屈。 译文：He would die before yielding. 例5： 原文：生活远非净是乐事。 译文：Life is far from being a bed of roses. 例6： 原文：风景美得无以言表。 译文：The scenery is too beautiful for words. That’s a thing that might happen to anyone. 这种事谁也免不了。 Opportunity knocks but once. 机会只来一次。
第七部分 正说反译,反说正译
第七部分正说反译，反说正译 英译汉 1．It is wiser than to believe what you call money talks。 我不至于蠢到相信你说的金钱万能呢。 2．He could do anything he was asked to do but return to his old life. 叫他干什么他都愿意，只要不让他再过从前的日子。 3．All graduates from Foreign Language Institutes will not be appointed to do translation work. 外院的学生并非都被分配去做翻译工作。 4．Africa is not kicking out western imperialism in order to invite other new master. 非洲踢出西方帝国主义，不是为了请进新的主人。 5．Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they could accept with dignity. 双方都认为开会不失体面地接受这样的和平方案。 6．One could not be too careful in a new neighborhood. 新到一个陌生的邻里，越小心越好。 7．Nothing is so beautiful but it betrays some defect on close inspection. 再漂亮的东西，只要仔细观察，也会发现某种缺陷。 8．The moon is a world that is completely and utterly dead, a sterile mountainous waste. 月球上北京一个毫无生机的世界，是多山的不毛之地。 9．All the chemical energy of the fuel is not converted into heat. 燃料中的所有化学能并不都转化为热能。 10．All these various losses, great as they are, do not in any way contradict the law of conservation of energy. 所有这些损失，尽管很大，却都没有违反能量守恒定律。 11．All other sources of heat besides the sun would not raise the temperature of the earth 1/4 degree F. 除了太阳以外，所有其他能源都不能把地球的温度升高华氏1/4度。 12．The contemporary phenomenon of motorcar worship is to be explained not least by the sense of independence and freedom that ownership entails. 崇拜汽车的这种现代现象在很大程度上要从与所有权相伴的独立和自由的意识上来解释。 13．And this failure to recognize and analyze the interrelationship of linguistic and non-linguistic problems produces two major signs of ineffectiveness. 你没能够意识到和分析出语言和非语言之间的内部联系，才产生了这两种效率低下的现象。 14．Not all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echolocation in bat to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role. 动物发出的声音并不都气语言作用，我们只需要以蝙蝠的固定声位的发现为例，通过这个不同寻常的事例，我们就能知道声音起着非常实际的作用。 15．Because of the possibility of human error and total reliance on communications between pilots and controller the system will be “fail-dangerous” rather than “fail-safe.”。 由于人难免犯错，以及完全依赖飞行员与控制器之间的联系，这一套方法与其说会自
Negation(正说反译、反说正译)
Translation concerning negation Aims: to understand the features of Chinese and English as regards negation, the application of negation in the process of translation Key points: the application of negation in the process of translation Difficulties: affirmative 肯定in Chinese but negative in English, negative in Chinese but affirmative in English Teaching procedures: Negation being an important conception in one’s expression of thoughts, expressions of negations is to be found in any tongue. This is naturally true of Chinese and English. However, the ways of indicating negation are quite different in the two languages. This frequently causes a lot of trouble to translators, who if not careful enough, would often make mistakes. 1. Features of the two languages as regards negation ●1. Both languages have negatives or expressions formed with negatives. In modern Chinese, the much-used negative words are: 不,没,别. These words express three different meanings: 不signifies表示denial of a statement;没denial of a being or occurrence(,非and 否can be put under this category);别dissuasion or prohibition(甭,勿,and 莫can be put under this category) ●The oft-used negatives in English are “not”, and “no”, in addition to “nothing”, ”nobody” “none”, “without”, “ neither…nor”, “never”, etc. ●Chinese negatives are generally capable of producing derivatives, particularly the word 不, 无and 非. Their derivatives are equivalent to English words formed by adding affixes, e.g. 不法unlawful, 不便inconvenient, 无边boundless,非正规军irregulars ●In English, apart from using negatives to express negation, words with a negative sense can be formed by adding affixes to roo t words. The affixes thus used are mainly “less”
正说反译,反说正译 作业
正说反译、反说正译作业 周三1-2 / 6-7 得分： 姓名：学号： 姓名：学号： 姓名：学号： 姓名：学号： Put the underlined sentences into Chinese / English，using the technique of negation. And please also explain what translation skills you are using. ① Yu Qian, a 28-year-old attorney, says she does not mind that her mother regularly attends matchmaking events, but refuses to marry a man simply because of parental pressure. “I could get married today if I wanted to,” Ms. Yu says. Instead, however, she has chosen to pursue a master?s degree in international business law at the University of Amsterdam, something she insists would not be possible if she were already married. “In China, marriage is not just a matter between two people,” she says, “it?s more about two families. If I were married, my decision to go abroad would have been a decision made by two families, and it would get too complicated.” So complicated, she says, that she pr obably wouldn?t have gone. ② While Yu has chosen to pursue her dream in defiance of her mother's wishes, she acknowledges it isn?t easy. Professor Xiao Suowei, a sociology professor at Beijing Normal University who studies Chinese marital and familial relationships argues that ③ because Chinese children are raised in philosophically Confucian households where respect for one?s parents is paramount, even grown children are vulnerable to criticism. “These women care about their parents – theirs are the opinio ns that really matter to them,” Xiao stresses. “It doesn?t matter what other people say, but when their parents tell them, …You should get married, otherwise you never will. If you don?t get married at 28, you are an undesirable woman,? can you imagine how that makes them feel? It?s really terrible.” Still, in a society where young women are often criticized for being overly materialistic when it comes to marriage, Xiao believes that many shengnv are sincerely looking for the right person. ④ That they are holding onto their marriage ideals even as they get older says a lot about their determination.
常用十大翻译技巧之五：正译法和反译法
常用十大翻译技巧之五：正译法和反译法 5.正译法和反译法：这两种方法通常用于汉译英，偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译，是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果，但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。如： （1）在美国，人人都能买到枪。 In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. (正译) In the United States, guns are available to everyone. (反译) （2）你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。 You can obtain this information on the Internet. （正译） This information is accessible/available on the Internet. （反译）（3）他突然想到了一个新主意。 Suddenly he had a new idea. (正译) He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正译) A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. （反译） （4）他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。 He still could not understand me. (正译) Still he failed to understand me. (反译) （5）无论如何，她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。 She can hardly be rated as a bright student. (正译) She is anything but a bright student. (反译) （6） Please withhold the document for the time being. 请暂时扣下这份文件。（正译） 请暂时不要发这份文件。（反译） 1 ——文章来源网络，仅供参考
正译和反译
1. Affirmative in English, but Negative in Chinese Such cases are found in a wide range of expressions：words of different parts of speech, various phrases, or sentence structures. ●Such a chance was denied（to）me.（v.）我没有得到这样一个机会。 ●Time is what we want most，but what，alas，many use worst.（adv.）时间是我们最缺少的，但可叹之至，偏偏许多人最不善于利用。 ●I have read your article. I expect to meet an older man.（adj.）拜读了你的大作，没想到你这样年轻。 ●It was beyond his power to sign such a contract. (prep.) 他无权签订这种合同。 ●The guerrillas would rather fight to death before they surrendered.（cons.）游击队员们宁愿战斗到死也决不投降。 ●They feel great anxiety about his sickness.（n.）他们对他的病情感到焦虑不安。 ●The lecturer spoke above the heads of his audience.（preposition）讲演者讲得太深奥，听众听不懂。 ●I'm at my wit's end to keep this child quiet.（phrase）我实在是没办法让这孩子安静下来。 ●The mother said she would let off her son washing the dishes if he could finish his assignment before supper.（pie）母亲说，如果儿子晚饭前能做完作业，就不让他刷碗了。 ●If it worked once, it can work twice.（sentence）一次得手，再次不愁。 2. Negative in English, but Affirmative in Chinese This is just opposite to the previous case. ●The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanation.（v.）虽经他一再解释，疑团仍然存在。 ●He carelessly glanced through the note and got away.（adv.）他马马虎虎地看了看那张便条就走了。 ●All the articles are untouchable in the museum.（adj.）博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸。 ●Some people can eat what they like and get no fatter. 有些人爱吃什么就吃什么，照样瘦。 ●He manifested a strong dislike for his father's business.（n.）他对他父亲的行业表示强烈的厌恶情绪。 ●Don't lose time in posting this letter.（phrase）赶快把这封信寄出去。 ●Such flight couldn't long escape notice.（sentence）这类飞行迟早总会被人发觉的。 3. Same English Word, with Either Affirmative or Negative Equivalents in Chinese ● I'm new to the w ork. 这工作我是生手。（这工作我不熟悉。） ● He is free with his money. 他花钱大手大脚。（他花钱从不吝啬。） ● He realized that he was in trouble. 他意识到遇到麻烦了。（他感到自己的处境不妙。） ● The station is no dist ance at all. 车站近在咫尺。（车站一点儿也不远。） ● It's no less than a fraud. 这简直是一场骗局。（这无异于一场骗局。） ● The w orks of art were left intact, the money gone. 艺术品还在，钱却不冀而飞。（艺术品原封未动，钱却不翼而
第四讲正说反译、反说正译法
Negation (正说反译、反说正译法) The English language has its peculiarities in negation. Of course, English-speaking people have their own way of thinking in the negation and expressing negative implications. What is affirmative in form in English may be implied something negative in Chinese, and vice versa. The use of “yes” and “no” is a case in point. 1.--“Are you not going tomorrow?” --“No, I’m not going.” 2. “I don’t think you’re right in this point.” Discussion: “你是人，你不是东西。你是东西吗？你真不是东西！？我认为你不是东西。你算什么东西！” Version: You’re a person, not a thing. Aren’t you a person/a thing? Are you reliable/ some-thing? No, I don’t think so./Yes, I think so. What a creature you are! What a fool you are! You are a sheer idiot. I think you are an idiot. I don’t think you are tr ustworthy. You, really, are nothing. You think you are something. No, far from it. Purposes of Affirmation and Negation 1. to make the meaning clear, 2. to strengthen the rhetorical effect, 3. make it conform to the idiomatic use of the target language A. Some Idiomatic Expressions 1. riot police 防暴警察(即anti-riot police，而不是暴乱的警察) 2. crisis law 反危机法案(即anti-crisis law) 3. spy film 反谍影片 4. After you, sir. 先生，您先请。 5. 路上辛苦了。 原译：You must have had a tiring journey. 改译：Did you have a good trip? 6. Keep in lane! 不准换线！ 7. Keep off the lawn! 请勿践踏草地！（正说反译） 8. I couldn’t agree more with you. 我完全同意你的看法。 9. Just make yourself at home. 不要客气。/别见外 10. He was the last man to say such things. 他绝不会说这样的话。 B. Negation--Affirmation 1. Isn’t it funny! 真逗！ 2. When Stephen was introduced to the old couple, they said simply, “We’ve read your article. We expected to meet an older man.” 当史蒂夫被介绍给这对老年夫妇的时候，他们只是淡淡地说：“我们看过你的文章，但没想到你这么年轻。” 3. The thought of returning to his native land never deserted him. 归国的念头始终萦绕在他的心中。 C. Affirmation--Negation 4 .That’s a thing that might happen to any man. 原译：这样的事情可能发生在任何人身上。 改译：这种事情谁也难免。 5. His speech leaves much to be desired. 他的讲话很不如人意。
句子的正译与反译
句子的正译与反译 英汉两种语言习惯不同，有时英语里正说的句子，译成汉语时不得不处理成反说，反之亦然。所谓正译，是指把句子按照与原语相同的语序或表达方式译入目的语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与原语相反的语序或表达方式译入目的语。正译和反译都是一种翻译方法，其目的是为了解决翻译过程中所遇到的表达方面的困难，使译文更通顺达意。 实际上英汉两种语言均可以从正面或反面来表达同一概念。如： 在美国，人人都能买到枪。 正译：In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. 反译：In the United States, guns are available to everyone. 你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。 正译：You can obtain this information on the Internet. 反译：This information is accessible/available on the Internet. 他突然想到了一个新主意。 正译：Suddenly he had a new idea. He suddenly thought out a new idea. 反译：A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. 他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。 正译：He still could not understand me. 反译：Still he failed to understand me. 无论如何，她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。 正译：She can hardly be rated as a bright student. 反译：She is anything but a bright student. Please withhold the document for the time being.正译：请暂时扣下这份文件。反译：请暂时不要发这份文件。 正说反译或反说正译的相互转换，其目的主要有三个：1.明确语义。2.加强修辞。3.符合目的语习惯。例如： 一、.正说反译 Please tender exact fare. 自备零钞、不找零钱。（明确） That’s a thing that might happen to anyone. 这种事谁也难免。（加强修辞） But we must bear in mind that the great proportion of books, plays and films which come before the censor are very far from being "works of art". 可是我们要牢记送到审读员面前的大量书刊、戏剧和电影远非"杰作"。 To criticize it (intelligence test) for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity. 批评智力测验不反映上述情况，犹如批评温度计不能测出风速一样。（such failure 是正面表达，但从上下文看，是指"An intelligence test does not measure character, social adjustments ...",故译为"不反映上述情况"。） H e was absent from his own country last year. 他去年不在自己的国家里。（原文正说，译文反说。） We may safely say so. 我们这样说万无一失。
翻译的基本技巧--正译与反译
翻译的基本技巧——正译与反译 正说与反说的相互转换是翻译实践中极为实用的方法。在英语中从正面来说的，可能在汉语中要从反面来叙述更加恰当，有些时候英语的反说可能要处理为汉语的正说才符合习惯。 A. “正说反译” 请看下面的译例： 1) I have read your articles, but I expect to meet an older man. [原译] 我读过你的文章，我料想会见到一个年纪更大的人。 [改译] 我读过你的文章，但没料想你会这样年轻。 [分析] 比较两种译文不难看到，如果机械地套用“正译”，译文后半部分语义不清，“改译”采用反面着笔并加以相应的转换，得到的译文更加通顺达意。这就是“正说反译”的一个很好的例证。 2) A seaman knows that the sea is all-powerful and can, under certain circumstances, destroy man and the product of his brain and hand, the ship. [译文1] 水手们都知道，大海的威力是最强大的；在某些情况下，它能把人及人所制造的船只统统摧毁掉。 [译文2] 水手们都知道，大海的威力是势不可挡的；在某些情况下，它能把人及人所制造的船只统统摧毁掉。(正说反译) [分析] 句中the sea is all-powerful 如果用肯定说法直译“大海是最强大的”，便显得很肤浅，没有从深层理解原文，远不如上面的否定说法那样生动而能感染读者。 B. 反说正译 3) “Mine! Mine!”They would shout at the pretty rainbows that are down to the earth, seeming never very far away. [译文] 他们会冲着那从天际弯弯地挂向地面的，看来好像伸手可及的美丽彩虹大声呼喊：“哎呀!哎呀!” [分析] 句中never very far away若直译为“离得不太远”就很不深刻，大欠文采，远不如“伸手可及”形象鲜明。