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写作指导(7)

说明文

1．说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用简洁明了的语言来解说事物、阐明事理，从而给读者提供知识的一种文体。

2．在高考书面表达中，其主要命题形式为图表式作文，有时也以图画式和提纲式作文来呈现写作材料。

3．它要求语言要简明扼要，通俗易懂，说明过程讲究层次性和条理性。

4．这种文体通常用第三人称，时态以一般现在时为主。

根据以下图画，写一篇英语短文，描述今昔通讯方式的变化，以及这些变化给人们生活带来的影响。

注意：1.词数：100左右；

2．参考词汇：通讯communicate (with sb.)vi.，communication n．；互联网the Internet n．。

案例分析⊙

从材料的呈现方式(两幅图对比)及材料所提出的要求“描述变化及影响”可知，本文应该用说明文体来写作。时态的把握是本文的一大难点，一般情况下，说明文应用一般现在时，但本文描述的是今昔通讯方式的变化，所以在描写过去通讯方式的时候要用一般过去时，例如：In the past，people kept in touch with each other mainly by writing letters or using the public telephone及

It used__to__take several days to hear from each other.在描写过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响时，谓语动词要用现在完成时，例如本文的起始句可用“Great changes have__taken__place in the

way of communication in people’s life in recent years”及讲述影响的过渡句“With these changes，people’s pace of life has__been__quickened__and people’s work has__been__made more efficient ”。相对来说，本文用第三人称容易把握。

Great changes have taken place in the way of communication in people’s life in recent years.

In the past，people kept in touch with each other mainly by writing letters or using the public telephone.But now almost everyone has his own mobile phone.People can communicate with each other almost at any place and at any time.What’s more，people have easy access to the Internet，which enables them to send and receive emails whenever they like.With these changes，people’s pace of life has been quickened and people’s work has been made more efficient.It used to take several days to hear from each other，but now it takes only

several minutes，even if they are in two different continents.

In a word，people have an easier life nowadays.

有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？Jack第一次从美国来北京做客，想尝尝北京风味，你首选烤鸭。请根据下表所提供的材料，向Jack介绍北京烤鸭(Beijing Roast Duck)。

注意：1.可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行

文连贯；

2．词数：100左右。第一句已经写好，但不计入总词数。

Beijing Roast Duck has the reputation of the most delicious food in Beijing.___________________________________ _____________________________________

_________________________________________ _______________________________

【参考答案】

Beijing Roast Duck has the reputation of the most delicious food in Beijing.Eating it is a mustdo while you are here.Ducks are slowly roasted over flames by fruittree wood，which you actually can see with your own eyes in the restaurant.Among all the restaurants that offer Beijing Roast Duck，Quan Ju De Restaurant，which has a long history of 130 years，and Bian Yi Fang Restaurant，opened in 1833，are the most famous.At table the cook helps you cut the meat into slices.Then the meat is served with green onion and a special kind of sauce.The best roast duck is datered，shining with oil.It has a crisp skin and tender meat.I am sure you’ll never forget the taste once you’ve tried it.

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举例型：for example，for instance，such as，that is，like，take...for example等； 因果型：because (of)，since，therefore，as a result，thanks to，thus，due to等； 让步型：though，although，in spite of，despite等； 顺序型：first...next...and then...finally，first...then...after that...finally等； 并列型：and，or，also，as well as等； 时间型：afterwards，soon，later，the moment，hardly...when...，no sooner...than...等； 总结型：in conclusion，in a word，to sum up，in short，on the whole等； 见解型：in my opinion，personally speaking，as far as I am concerned等。 以上写作模式可时常运用于实际的写作过程中，只要我们把握好写作技巧和模式，书面表达能力的提高也就指日可待了。 假设你是李越，你的加拿大笔友Steve来信说，他和他的一些同学正在学中文，请你推荐两本学中文的词典。根据下表提供的信息，请你给他写一封回信。

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