新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读A答案课后题全

第一单元：

Vocabulary Study：

1. permanent

2.had assembled

3.discharging

4.meekly

5.apprentice

6.partiality

7.obscure

8.exalted

9.intruding 10cordially 11ambition 12.gallantly

CLOZE：BDCAB ADABB DBDAA CCDCB、

Translation:

1. His dream of becoming a football star faded out as time went by.

2. A Boeing 747 aircraft didn’t gain enough height to climb the mountain. In a twinkling, it crashed into the mountain and blew up. No one survived in the accident.

3. Students have easy access to the library resource, so they are supposed to make the best of it.

4. Titanic, the most luxurious ship in the world at the time, hit an iceberg when she was under the way to the US. Consequently, the ship sank into the Atlantic Ocean and thousands of people died in this shipwreck.

5. Every summer, all the tourists pour into this famous beach. They lie packed like sardines on the beach to enjoy the sunbathing.

6. They have been to St. Louis once and have a vague general knowledge of its wonderful food, but the day of their glory is over now. They lapse into a humble silence and learn to disappear when the ruthless engineer approaches.

第二单元：

Vocabulary Study

1.advocated

2.extravagant

3.vulnerable

4.guru

5.potential

6.dispel

7.shunned

8.acclaimed

9.enthus

iasts10.stave off11.attendant 12.ventured

II.

l. eradicated 2. enthralled 3. obso1ete 4. disproved 5. foster 6. ludicrous 7. apparent 8. avert

9. displaced l0. compatriots 1 l. endeavors l2. hailed

CLOZE: CBDAD CDBAC BBCCD ABCAC.

Translation:

1. Some cyber gurus claim that the internet will prevent wars, reduce pollution and combat various forms of inequality.

2. Although, the internet undeniable fosters communications, it will not put an end to wars, since wars are by no means caused by the failure of different people to understand each other adequately.

3. The internet can help reduce energy consumption and pollution, only if doing things online genuinely displaces real-world activities.

4. The poor are not shunning the internet because they cannot afford it. The problem is that they lack the skills to exploit it efficiently. Therefore, it makes more sense to aim for universal literacy than universal internet access.

5. Thanks to the internet, income inequality between people doing similar jobs in different countries has been reduced. However, the inequality between information workers in poor countries and their poorest compatriots has been increased.

6. If human nature remains stubbornly unchanged, despite the claims of the techno-prophets, humanity cannot simply invent away its failings.

课文参考译文:

因特网不能做什么？

1 在1858年第一根横穿大西洋的通讯电缆铺设成功时，维多利亚时代的积极分子们曾欢呼说：“像电报这种为世界各国交流思想的工具诞生之后；那些根深蒂固的偏见与敌意不可能再长时间存在了。”甚至在今天，人们仍以同样的口吻谈论着

各种新技术．生物工程被说成是解决温饱问题的妙方。人类基因组的排序据说可以彻底根治癌症和其他疾病．然而，人们把最盲目乐观的想法倾注在了因特网上。网络专家们的整个行业曾用令人驰神往的美妙话语（并因此而获得了不菲的收入）称，因特网可以防止战争、减少污染；还能克服种种形式的不平等。然而，尽管因特网出现的时间不长，依旧足以激起理想主义的灵感，但它存在的时间也已长得足以判断预言家的预言正确与否了。

2所有的断言中最为美妙的便是J麻省理J学院的一些专家们所宣称的：因特网是一种潜在的和平力量。一位权威尼十拉斯格罗蓬特说，正是由于因特网的存在，来来的孩子们“将不知道民族主义为何物”。他的同事迈克尔德托索斯曾写道，数字化通信将带来“计算机辅助下的和平”，它“有助于避免未来种族仇恨的爆发和国家分裂的发生”。他的理念是改进了的通信手段将减少误解；避免冲突。

3可惜啊！这种断言并不比有关其他新技术可能促进和平的说法新鲜到哪里去。在20世纪初，人们认为飞机的发明将有助于结束战争，因为它可以增进国际间的交往，使陆军变得旧过时（虽然这种说法不那么可信）——因为陆军容易受到来自空中的打击。在第一次世界大战的现实使这些想法都成为泡影之后，人们又把希望寄托在收音机上。“国与国之间将和平相见；”这是英国BBC电台全球广播使用的一句很好的标语。可悲的是，卢旺达电台并不认为收音机生来是一种一劳永逸的和平力量。

4 人们所犯的错误就在于他们认为战争的爆发是由于不同种族间缺乏充分的理解而引起的。其实；即使真的如此；因特网也同样可用于鼓动冲突、充满憎恨的演说和偏狭的见解在阴暗的角落里滋生蔓延，政府却感到难以于预、不可否认，尽管因特网可以增进交流，它却无法消除战争。

5. 但是因特网可以减少能源和消耗吗？能源与气候问题解答中心(CECS）——华盛顿的一个智囊团，主利又据1997和1998两年能源消耗的数字，提出了这样一种说法．该中心大胆地指出，虽然美国经济在这两年中以 9％的速度增长；但它的能源需求却基本保持不变，原因就在于因特网的广泛应用，因为国特网片将纸和光盘转化成电子信号，并且可以用光纤电缆取代卡车”、难怪报纸有一条充满激情的大字标题恳求人们：“网上购物，巴——拯救地球。”

6.令人悲哀的是拯救地球比这要难得多。当然；与驾车去商场购物相比，在家中网上购物可以减少许多污染。网上订购和送货上门意味着如果物流部门安排得当，那么用卡车运一趟便能代替多个家庭分别开车购物了。在网上读报纸、杂志和其他文献要比实际印刷、运输它们的效率高。但只有当利用网络进行活动能真正取代现实世界中的行为时，才能真正地节约能源。如果人们既在网上购物又去逛真实的商店，那么结果便是能源消耗的全面增长、由于有了因特网，欧洲人现在可以很容易上网订购一些在欧洲尚买不到的书，并花大价钱把它们从美国空运过来、如果网上读文章可以取代而不是增加大量无聊的印刷品，那它才是更有效的。

7.此外，因为越来越多的办公室和家庭上网，数以百万的个人电脑、打印机、服务器和其他设备消耗了大量的能源。家用电脑正在成为日常生活结构中的一部分，而且其中越来越多的电脑始终处于开机状态、一次颇具争议的估算指出：在美国，足有 8％的耗电量是由联网计算机所消耗的。建设好的一些规模宏大的划务器场区”——摆满计算机及其辅助冷却设备的库房——一已经导致电力网络的超负荷运转，这种状况已经引起了硅谷地区的用电紧。

8如何认识因特网能减少不平等现象的说法呢？美国商业部的一项研究表明，年收入在75万美元以上的家庭与最贫困的家庭相比，前者上网率是后者的周倍还多、比尔克林顿吃惊于贫富之间的“数字鸿沟”；辩称大家都能上网将帮助缩小收入的差距。

9 但是，由于使用因特网的费用不断下降（提供免费上网的服务已基本普及，现在购买一台个人电脑比买一台录像机或一台大的电视机贵不了多少）；贫富之间数字鸿沟的真正原因将逐渐凸现。穷人不用因特网并不是因为他们买不起，问题是他们缺乏必要的技能来有效地利用它、因此，我们很难明白把穷人和因特网连在一起怎么就能改善他们的经济状况。提高老百姓的文化水平要比给他们提供上网机会更有意义。

IO 然而，即使是在关于因特网的非常荒谬的说法中；也可能有一些合理的成分、这种开放的网络，一个对政府来说非常难以控制的网络，可能确实能帮助给予每个公民更多的权利，并促进。由于国家间很少发生争斗，所以开放性的网络可以促进和平。就环境问题而言，因特网将使我们可以从远处对多部机器进行更为精确的监控和调试，这将提高能源使用率。对污染税的征税或仅对其检测，其成本将会降低，而且易于为政府所承担。

11 在某些情况下，由于有了因特网，不平等现象也有可能会减少。一位在班加罗尔或是西伯利亚的电脑编程人员。在足不出户的情况下，可以用因特网为一家在西雅图的软件公司工作；并能期望得到一份与在网络另一端工作的虚拟同事们相近的收八。其效果是减少在不同国家从事类似工作的人们之间收入上的不平等，但这么做却拉大了贫穷国家中从事信息产业的人们与他们最贫穷同胞之间收入上的差距。

12因特网改变着许多事物。它已对商务领域产生了巨大的影响、公司能够把它们的系统与其产品供应商和合作伙伴直接相连；可以在网上24小时地进行交易，可以比以往更多地了解他们的顾客。经济的运行因此将更有成果。对个人而言，电子已经成为自问世之后最为重要的新型人际交流方式。

13 然而，我们还不清楚因特网能够在多大程度上改变人类其他领域的活动．即使地球上的每个人都与因特网相连；战

争、污染和不平等依然会存在、随着新鲜事物的交替更迭，人类的本性看来还会固执地保持不变Z 不管科技预言家的预言是什么，人类的发明绝对不能克服其自身的缺陷。因特网不是第一种被人们视为万能药的技术，也肯定不会是最后一种。

第三单元：

Vocabulary Study

1.sank

2.clear

3.rainfall

4.drought

5.Flowering

6.loose

7.pores

8.graze

9.spine 10.trapped 11.venture 12.fertile

CLOSE: CBDAB DBCCA ACDAC CADAB

Translation:

1. Many studies indicate that the desert air is so dry that it contains hardly any moisture.

2. Although the children form age 5 to 16 must go to school in Britain according to the laws, about 1% of the children still can not read when they leave primary schools.

3. After hearing the news, I knew that within a fortnight I would feel restless again.

4. We think unanimously to answer the question, we must look more closely at the facts.

5. Throughout the world, governments at all levels are taking effectively measures to prevent environment pollution.

6. Some people think that the objective items such as multiple choices should be used for an examination, others don’t agree because they believe that this kind of test has some bad effect

on students’ leaning.

第四单元

Vocabulary Study

1.Physical

2.accumulation

3.diversity

4.precipitated

5.muscular

6.pathological

7.symptomatic

8.vigorous 9.psychologically 10.Anxiety 11.restored 12.refreshed

II. l. manifestation 2. resume 3. precipitate 4. consequence 5. diverse 6. a skimpy 7. taxing

8. prolong9. overlooked l0. vigor 11l. enhanced l2. relapse

CLOSE: ACDCB BCCBD CDCBA ADCDB

Translation:

1. I find that walking along the quiet lake can provide refreshment from a day’s sedentary job.

2. Exercising and relaxing yourself is often prescribed as an effective cure for fatigue.

3. The less active you are, the faster the aging process accelerates and the more vulnerable you became to physical and psychological problems.

4. Even if you keep dieting, you cannot reduce to the point where you achieve the kind of body-shaping you want.

5. People thought he had happy late years during which time he did little but slept and ate, yet he was often tired and depressed.

6. In the past when hay was baled by hand and laundry scrubbed on a wash board, people seldom complained of tiredness. However people fed dragged out and complained a lot in the modern time

of labor-saving devices and convenient transportation.

论三种疲劳

1 疲劳是人们向医生、朋友和亲戚经常抱怨的问题之一。或许你会认为在这个拥有各种节省体力装置和方便交通设施的时代，没有人会有理由感到如此疲劳、然而，与用手捆干草。用搓衣板洗衣服的过去相比，今天抱怨疲劳的人却更多了。

2现代疲劳症的原因各种各样；但是很少与过多的体力消耗活动有关、相对而言，为数不多的整天干重活的人他们从不

抱怨劳累，这也许是因为他们都预料到了。今天，据医生们说，疲劳是由于过少的活动所至，而不是由于过多活动导致。其实，增加体力活动往往是治愈人们体力消耗的一个处方。

3疲劳主要有三种类型：

4 第一，身体上的。这是一门所熟知的由于肌肉过多运动而产生的新代物——二氧化碳和乳酸——在血液里积累并耗尽体力的结果。你体这些化学物质太多，你的肌肉就不能持续有效地工作。身体上的劳累通常是一种令人愉快的疲惫；比如你在打过一场激烈的网球、劈木柴或者爬山之后就会有这种体验。这种治愈方法既简单而又见效快,你休息时,给你的身体一个消除累积废物从而恢复肌肉机能的机会。

i第二，病理上的。疲劳是一些潜在的身体功能紊乱的警告信号或结果，比如常见的感冒、流感或者像其他更为严重的疾病，如糖尿病、癌症等。通常，除了疲劳外，会出现表明疲劳真正原因的其他症状。

6大病痊愈之后；你很有可能在一周或一周多的时间里感到疲劳、即使你所得的只是一场感冒，在你完全恢复的阶段里，你应该视疲劳为放慢节奏的信号。如过早地恢复全部活动，则可能引起旧病复发，并且很有可能延长你的疲劳期．7．即使生病不是长期疲劳的常见的原因，但疲劳仍不容忽视。所以，无论谁如果觉得自己连续几周精力不济时，都应该进行一次彻底的体检、然而，即使通过各种检查未查出你有什么病；这也并不意味着你全然无恙。

8第三，C理上的．情绪问题和烦恼，特别是忧郁和焦虑是长期疲劳的最常见的原因、疲劳可以是一种保护机制，阻碍你去正视你感到压抑的真正原因；比如你厌恶你的工作；疲劳也是你体的一种安全阀，用以表达压抑的情绪上的烦恼，比如你感到陷进了一个不能发挥作用的工作或者一个不幸的婚姻．当这种情感不能公开得以宣泄时，身体上就往往会产生某些症状，疲劳则是最常见的表现形式。许多极度疲劳的人甚至不知道自己患了抑郁症，布莱特博士说，“他们根本不去注意自己的情绪，或者说他们只担心自己的疲劳，以至于没有意识到自己的抑郁底”

9．你自己就有很多方法来解决严重的长期疲劳症和那些周期性的疲劳感，维他命和镇静剂从来就不是正确的解决办法，安眠药和酒精只能产生副作用，而咖啡充其量也只能暂时解决问题，如果滥用还会适得其反；引起令生活不得安宁的焦虑症状。相反，你不妨试一试以下的做法：

10第一，饮食。如果你只吃少许的早餐或者根本不吃早餐的话，你在上午的中段时间里就很有可能感到疲乏．其结果是，你的身体和大脑所依赖的能量——血糖就会降低、为在上午时间获取最大能量，你应该进一些合适的早餐，如含糖量低、蛋白质较高的食物，这样的早餐将给你整个上午以稳定的血糖供应。咖啡和面包圈比任何食物都差，只能使你在短时间精神抖擞，而后便会萎靡不振。

11 第二，锻炼身体。与你想像的相反，体育锻炼不是消耗体力而是增强体力。有规律的体育锻炼，比如慢跑、骑车和游泳都能增强身体承受工作负荷的能力，从而抵制疲劳。于是，你便不会那么快地感到疲劳了，这是因为你身体的承受力比以前增大了。

12体育锻炼同时又具有人们公认的安心静神的效果。它有助于你以更为轻松愉快的心态工作，而不至于被一天的紧拖垮．一天过后，体育锻炼会减缓你积累的紧，使你晚间精力更加充沛，帮助你平静地入睡．

13第三，睡眠。如果你因为睡眠不足而感到疲劳时，解决的办法很简单：早些上床睡觉。每个人睡眠所需的时间不同，而且随着年龄的增长而减少，找到你最合适的睡眠时间量并朝着这个目标而努力吧。对于失眠和睡眠方面的其他病症不能用安眠药、酒精或镇静剂来治疗；实际上，这些只能恶化病情。

14 第四，自知之明。尽力把最困难的工作安排在你一天中精力最充沛的阶季曼。有些人属于一到下午就累的“上午工作效率最高的人”；而另外一些人则在晚上工作效率最高、不要使自己承担过多的事情，不要竭力以最快的步伐攀登成功的阶梯，或者去满足每个人的需要和期望。决定去做你要做的事情和你能轻松处理的事情，学部巨绝那些额外的要求。认识

你自己的能量周期，并且据此做出计划。许多妇女在月经期前都有一个情绪低潮点，在这一期间需要额外的睡眠，而要求苛刻的任务则尤其会令人筋疲力尽。

15 第五，休息。不论你的工作多么有趣，要求多么高，如果你能偶尔停下来，伸展一下肢体，换一换环境，你工作起来就会更力。精力充沛。不要在休息时喝咖啡，吃甜食，而应该试着去冥思，做一做瑜伽术、健美儒或者轻松地散散步，甚至沿着楼梯上下来回跑也能给你久坐的工作带来清新的感觉．如果你从事的是体力劳动，那么就找一个安静的地方放松一下。“做一些不同的事情”的原则也适用于放假、“完全远离工作”一周、两周或更长时间会令你恢复活力，有助于你正确地处理事情，并且使你体假回来后能更缺陷。因特网不是第一种被人们视为万能药的技术，也肯定不会是最后一种。

第五单元

Vocabulary Study

1.uniform

2.distinguish/recognize

3.ascertained

4.recognized

5.unique

6.outlet

7.tactile

8.rigid 9.secure 10.acquisition 11.fruitful 12.foundation

ii

CLOSE :ADBBA DDCBA CCADB DCABA

Translation:

1. It is generally accepted that the upbringing of a child within the home is closely related to the education of the child in school.

2. Jennifer is the chief of personal for the New York Herald Tribune where she is also responsible for special editorial work in the field of public relations.

3. It was two years ago t hat Jeff met Rose at his sister’s birthday party, they have been communicating with each other by since then. The more Jeff knows Rose, the more he likes her.

4. The measure is effective not only in providing job opportunities for the laid-off workers, but also in limiting price increases.

5 Similarly, they insufficiently treated the political and economical background of the conspiracy.

6Tremendous capital input has met the needs of rapid economic growth on the one hand and has caused the inflation on the other hand.

抚养孩子

1. 人们一般认为孩子最初几年的经历对其性格以及以后个性的培养影响很大。每一种经历都会教给孩子一些东西，而且其影响也在日积月累。抚养通常指在家里对孩子的培养和锻炼；这和学校对孩子的培养和锻炼密切相关。二者之间的区别则在于学校所做的通常被称为“教育”。在我们的社会里，家长与教师都要对孩子今后的发展负责，因而父母的抚养和学校的教育相辅相成、缺一不可。

2. 由于各种文化间的差异，抚养和教育孩子的观念和做法不尽相同。一般说来，社会中农业所占的比重越大，抚养孩子的方法也就越相同。在科技更发达的社会里，童年和青少年时期往往大大延长，结果儿童就有更多的受教育的机会，儿童性格的发展就更多样化。

3. 早期的家庭抚养自然受社会文化模式、父母自身能力和他们培养孩子目标的影响，同时不仅受到孩子抚养和教育的制约，还受孩子先天能力的制约。即使在同一个家庭里成长的孩子，其智力和性情都存在着巨大的差异。

4. 父母可以通过阅读某些儿童教育领域的科技知识图书，也可以通过与有孩子的亲朋好友比较抚养孩子的记录，来弄清楚孩子的体格发育、正常的智力和社交能力的发展是否正常，尽管后者由于实例较少而没有前者获得的知识更具可靠性。

5. 然而有头脑的父母意识到每个家庭都有其独特的背景，不可能用严格的通用的模式来抚养孩子。在他们做决策和解决问题时，一般性的知识仅供他们参考。例如怎样帮助孩子克服语言缺陷、如何解决孩子学走路较晚或者控制身体功能方面的问题，这时他们需要的是具体的建议。从广义上讲，抚养问题是各自家庭部关系的问题，首要的是孩子与父母在一起要有安全感，这取决于父母双方对待孩子的态度要一致。

6. 所有的父母都要解决好自由和约束之间的关系。孩子越小，母亲就越要满足孩子的需要以免使他失望。母亲知道如果孩子的能力不能发挥出来，他日后的发展将会受到阻碍。小孩子需要玩泥、玩沙和玩水，允许他把东西弄得乱七八糟，这是孩子发现期的触摸阶段。而后再给孩子一些玩具和图书，这些东西给孩子身体带来的快乐比较少。应该注意的是孩子的每个阶段都建立在圆满完成前期活动的基础之上。

7. 孩子缺少某一个成长阶段或者没有充分经历该阶段的时候，他很有可能要重新经历这个时期来获取欠缺的经验。一个好的家庭应该尽量为孩子创造各种生活环境，给他玩发条汽车和玩具火车，如果需要的话可以让他玩到任何年龄段。实际上这种做法是心理疗法的基础，医生们常用它治疗孩子的心理障碍，也是儿童诊所工作的基础。

8. 纪律教育是从托儿所开始的，即使最小的婴儿也要逐步教育他学会等待食物，按规定时间睡觉或起床。如果这个孩子感到他周围的世界温暖而友好，他就会慢慢接受这种教育，使自己的行为与这种要求相吻合。学会等待，尤其等待食物，这是抚养期的一个重要容。在孩子还未懂得之前，不能对他们提出太多要求，只有这样，他们才能成功学会等待。

9. 每一个父母都会怀着急切的心情去观察孩子掌握的各种技能，如会说的第一句话、会走的第一步或者会读会写的第一个字。他们常常希望孩子能超常发展，但是这往往增加了孩子的失败感和心焦虑，而这种情况有可能发生在任何成长阶段。

有的父母可能强迫孩子过早地自己上厕所，要求孩子阅读一些他根本不理解的东西。但是另一方面，如果一个孩子长期无人理会或失去学习的机会，他就会失去对生活的天生的热情和自己发现新事物的渴望。

10. 共同学习是父母与孩子关系绵延的成功的源泉。通过共同玩耍，父母更了解孩子，孩子也能向父母学到更多的东西。共同玩的玩具和共同做的游戏都是帮助取得这种合作的途径，积木、拼板与字谜就是很好的例子。

11. 父母对待孩子的严格要求和溺爱程度有很大差别，有些父母可能在花钱方面要求特别严格，其他的则对晚上回家的时间、能否准时用餐或个人卫生方面比较苛求。总之，这种控制代表着父母的需要、社会的价值、孩子自己的幸福与健康。

12. 至于如何培养成长中孩子的道德规问题，重要的是，家长在教育中要言行一致、朝令夕改不利于孩子的道德培养，父母应该懂得“身教重于言教”的道理。如果他们口是心非，言行不一，孩子就会变得无所适从，没有安全感，甚至在某种程度上有一种被欺骗的感觉。如果孩子突然意识到，在父母的品行和他们的信奉的道德之间存在着明显差距，孩子就会失望，这是很危险的。

第六单元

Vocabulary Study

1.As a matter of fact

2.are plagued

3.versus

4.have been reflecting on

5.positive 6is

implementing 7.will enroll 8.has been enriched 9.aspiration 10.academic 11.well-informed

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4114595268.html,mitment to

II l. relevance to 2. voiced 3. plague 4. enhance 5. ret1ected 6. otherwise 7. aspirations 8. rated

9. strengthened l0. has been declining

CLOSE:: BBACB BCAAD CBABD BBCCB

Translation:

1.Passing the English examination should enhance your chances of getting the post.

2. The discovery of gold in the valleys will enrich the poor mountain area.

3. Only when the police confronted her with evidence, did she admit that she had stolen the

money.

4. The meeting will afford you an opportunity of hearing good public speakers.

5. An official statement laid to rest the remaining fears about possible redundancies in

the industry.

6. Mary is pretty bright. As a matter of fact, her teacher told me that she is certain to

get enrolled a university this year.

社会服务经历时大学生的影响

大学期间，参加社会服务的学生比不参加社会服务的学生更能提高自己的领导能力和社交方面的自信。

l 当前对高等教育最迫切的要它能重新担负起其最初的使命，即培养广闻博见、独立思考、社会意识强的公民。

2高等教育究竟该怎样才能做到既能进一步提高学生的公民意识，又能解决仍在困扰社会的诸多问题呢？

3一种解决方案在于大学的课程设置，即把“社会服务学习”作为简单但强有力的教育工具．“服务学习”的深层含义就是运用社区或公共服务经验来提高传统课堂教学容的意义和影响，把社会服务直接同教学容结合在一起，这与通常所说的“自愿者”到社区服务是完全不同的、“社会服务学习”也不意味着简单地把一班学生送到社区去以获取额外的学分设计合理的“社会服务学习”课程是把社区服务经历同课堂容联系在一起，并要求学生以书面、讨论或课堂发言的形式对自己的经历进行认真的思考。通过给学生提供机会，使他们能在现实社会中“验证“或“证明”抽象的理论。“社会服务学习”课程不仅丰富了传统的教学容，而且为社会服务提供了知识基础；使其提高了服务质量。

4 在任何一个学术领域中；“社会服务学习”都能够推广起来、例如，学心理学的学生就可以为那些处于危险状态的中小学生提供咨询、指导和戒毒教育的服务。为考察学生成绩和社区服务经验的关系，我们对大学生35门课程的学习成绩进行了以下几方面的考察：公民责任感、学术成就和生活能力。最明显的结果是：参加社会服务学习活动对学生35门课程的成绩都产生了良好影响。

公民责任感

5在公民责任感方面，社会服务的影响最强、例如，在要求学生回答入学以来他们的“社区服务贡献意识”是如何改变的时候，许多参加社会服务的学生在跟踪调查的问卷中回答他们的社会服务贡献意识比上大学一年级时“增强”或者“比以前强多了”，这个人数是不参加社会服务的两倍多（60％比 28％）、对学生们的近期计划的问卷结果也同样受人关注；比不参加社会服务者多3倍的社会服务参加者（39％比9％）表示，他们准备在这个秋季去从事自愿者工作。此外，在大学期间

新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说上全原文、解析、答案(供参考)

新世纪研究生公共英语教材听说（上） 听力原文 Lesson 1 Music 1. M: By the way, Jane, did you talk to the consultant顾问about our new health program? W: I contacted联系his office but his secretary said he would （be out for）试图得到lunch until two. Q: What does the woman mean? B. she couldn’t talk to the consultant before two 2. W: We need to let everyone know about the charity [?t??riti] n. 慈爱concert, but we don't have much money for advertising. M: How about using the school radio station? They broadcast free public service服务announcements. 通告Q: What does the man suggest they do? c. Ask the school radio station for help 3. W: I don't understand why this self-study自学book doesn't have answers to the questions. M: But it does. You can find them at the back of the book. Q: What does the man say about the self-study book? d. the book does include the answer 4. M: The new sales manager says he has never met you before. W: We've been introduced about three times. He seems a little forgetful. Q: What do we learn about the new sales manager? B. He probably has a poor memory 5. M: Have you had the brakes[breik] n制动器; 闸; 刹车. and tires checked? And do you have enough money? W: I have taken care of everything. And I'm sure it's going to be a wonderful极好的, 精彩的, 绝妙的trip. Q: What's the woman going to do? D. spend some time travelling 6. M: I've had my new stereo立体声for a whole week, but I haven't yet figured out想到how to record music. W: Didn't an instruction manual [?m?nju?l] 手册形式的，像手册的；教范性质的come with it? Q: What does the woman imply? B the man should refer to the instruction manual 7. W: I want to pay you for that long-distance call I made. But, I suppose you haven't gotten your phone bill yet, M: Oh, but I have. Q: What does the man mean? A he has received his telephone bill. 8. M: Professor Smith assigned us three more novels to read. W: He must think you don't have any other classes. Q: What can be inferred about Professor Smith? B he assigns too much work 9. M: Let's go watch the fireworks烟花tonight. W: I have tickets to the theater. Q: What plan does the man has that night? B he’ll go and watch the fireworks 10. M: I am exhausted筋疲力尽的. I stayed up熬夜the whole night studying for my history midterm exam. W: Why do you always wait till the last minute? Q: What can be inferred about the man? A he had bad study habits 11. M: I'll be coming straight from work, so I'll have to pack包装；捆扎a change of clothes. W: It's only a barbecue [?bɑ:bikju:] (常用于室外的)金属烤架. Jeans and T-shirts will be fine. Q: What does the woman imply? D Casual dress will be appropriate 12. W: I'm going to the snack [sn?k] 小吃; 点心; 快餐bar for a cup of coffee. Would you like me to bring you back something? M: Not from the snack bar, but could you pick up a paper for me? Q: What does the man mean? C he wants her to get him a newspaper 13. M: I don't understand how this budget was calculated[?k?lkjuleit] 计算, 估计, 核算. W: Let me have a look, OK? Q: What does the woman mean? C she’ll try to s ee what method was used 14. W: We need a fourth player for tennis this morning. Do you want to join us? M: I've got a class at nine, but Carol is free and she is really good.

英语阅读理解的解题技巧

英语阅读理解的解题技巧 对阅读理解能力的测试是英语考试中必不可少的测试项目，主要考查学生对于不同体裁或不同题材语言材料的理解能力，以及通过材料的阅读，对材料中信息的捕获能力。此项能力的测试，对考生提出以下几方面要求： 1.不但要求掌握所读材料的主旨大意、中心思想，而且要求掌握文章中的详细事实与细节。 2.不但要求对于具体事实情节的理解，而且要求对其抽象含义的理解，既要理解字面意思，又要理解其深层含义，包括作者的态度、观点、意图等。 3.既要求理解文章中某句、某段的含义及全文的逻辑关系，又要求根据其含义及逻辑关系进行判断和推理。 4.既要求考生能够运用材料中的信息去理解、分析问题；又要求考生能运用中学生应有的生活常识去分析、理解问题。 根据以上要求，通过对近年来高考英语试题的研究分析，我们就不难总结出阅读理解题的命题规律及题型结构，一般来说，阅读理解题型设计，大致可以分为以下几种题型： A.事实询问题； B.推理判断题； C.数据推算题； D.识图解意题； E.主旨大意题； F.常识题。 那么，根据以上六种题型的设计，如何才能巧答阅读理解题呢？我认为可以采取以下几种应试技巧和解题步骤： 首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料。 其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。 要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性。对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。 下面，根据阅读理解测试的要求，针对各个不同考查内容的考查题型，给出几点解题建议： 事实询问题

高等学校研究生英语系列教材-综合教程(上)主编熊海虹何莲珍 1-6单元 练习参考答案

《研究生英语综合教程上》1-6单元练习参考答案 Unit One Planning Your Future Career Reading Focus Traits of the Key Players Text Exploration Task 2 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. B Vocabulary in Action Task 1 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. A 12. B Task 2 1. public (c) 2. discipline (b) 3. strength (a) 4. reference (a) 5. strength (d) 6. public (a) 7. demonstrated (b) 8. discipline (c) 9. reference (c) 10. personality (a) 11. disciplining (d) 12. demonstrates (a) 13. public (d) 14. reference (b) 15. personality (c) Task 3 1. employment 2. paid 3. adjust

4. setting 5. discouraged 6. credit 7. cite 8. demonstrate 9. teamwork 10. rules Translation Practice Paragraph One “一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行。这意味着一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，竞争也同样在进行。”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一，就是要更快到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。” Paragraph Two 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Unit Two Arts of the Table Reading Focus Culinary Delights in China

研究生公共英语课后翻译答案

第五册 1.The Internet's speed, vast resources, and its ability to directlycommu-nicate with others are itsgreatestbenefits. Because the Internet uses the quickness of computers to transmit its data, information cantrave-l attre mendous speeds. Speed is not the only benefit. The Internet us-es hun dreds ofthousands ofcomputers allconnected to each other to store vast amounts of information. And finally, because the Internet allowsindividuals to have specific electronic mail addresses, people ca-n easily communicate with oneanother. 2.With the 21 st century coming, people have increasingly realized file importance of acquiringround easyinformation. If a nation can mak-e effective use of all the information it will benefit In the fields of Scientificresearch, education, economic development, etc. What the nati on needs to do is to establish anation-wide"information network",so as to link up scientists, businessmen, educators, etc. If such a network isset up, itwill promote the second information revolution in the cou-nt ry. 3.With the development of a market economy in China, techniques of sales promotion have beenmore andmore widely employed. The popula rity of varied and numerous promotional activities such asdiscounts, bonuses, and promotional parties has grown steadily. The reason is tha t they not only helpmanufacturers andbusinesses earn higher and quick er profits, but also help consumers become acquainted with theproducts involved and get some practical benefits. However, if these techniques are used to promoteproducts of inferiorquality, both the manufacturers and the businessmen will be made to pay for that. 4.Work is not only a means of sustaining life. More importantly, it is the way through which peopledisplaytheir talent, realize their ambitions, build relationships and establish social status. If youunderstand thisintr insic value of work, then however dull or hard work may be, it beco mes bearable if it helpsbuild up areputation, whether in the world at l arge or only in one's own circle. Updating one's aim is one of the mostessential elements of self-fulfillment in the long run, and form ost people this comes chieflythrough their work.In that sense, work is the most vigorous, vivid sign of life --in individuals and in civilization s. 5.America was once troubled by employment crisis. Now in this land, there areemployees, those who have lost their jobs and those who will never find a job. For decades, thegovernment took no notice of t he changes in its economic base and their effect on employmentand lif estyle. As a result, many people lost job opportunities. Many expert came up with variousideas to address unemployment. However, what is most important now is to stimulateconsumption. 6.The crime of identity theft is on the rise. Recent surveys show there are currently 10 millionvictims each year, greatly exceeding our earlie r estimates. Using a variety of methods, criminalssteal Social Security numbers, driver's license numbe~, credit card numbers, and other piece s ofan individual's information such as date of birth. They use this inf ormation to buy as many thingsas they can in their victim's name in as short a time as possible. Identity theft is a serious crime.People wh ose identities have been stolen can spend months or even years cleani ng up the messthe thieves have made of their credit record. 7.Let's assume you are a sports fan. What is your first reaction when you find in your e-mailan attachment called "Anna Kournikova.jpg.vbs'? Curiosity tempts you to open the documentto have a look at the Rus sian tennis star. But if you open it, the virus will be activated andwill copy the attachment to every e-mail address in your "Outlook Express ", spreading the virus evenfarther. E-viruses, which flood the Intemet t hrough dubious e-mails with fancy bait, makeproduction of anti-virus p rograms a profitable business. 8.Changes in the American family structure are evidenced by increased rates of separation anddivorce. In certain areas of the country these tr ends have resulted in a growing number ofsingleparentfamilies and rem arried parents. This does not indicate, however, that the institution ofm arriage is crumbling. It is estimated that four ont of five divorced cou ples eventually remarryother people. These shifts in family relationship s may be interpreted as a breakdown or as anadaptation of the Americ an family to changing roles, attitudes, and values. The changes,accordi ng to the more traditional viewpoint, represent a breakdown in the fa mily structure, adisintegration of values, and a decline of morality. 第六册 1.While he shared his generation’s horror of war and was once called the “spiritual father”of appeasement. Keynes never, in fact, enterained the delusion that Hitler could be pacified. He hated the NAZI regime, never visited Germany after 1933.Instead,as Britain’s chief negotiator in contact with the Allies against Hitler. He pursued vigorously the com mon interest between London and Washington. 2.Some people wrongly believe that the United States is a land of opp ortunity, and that everbody enjoys equal opportunities. With various dr eams in mind,many well-trained professionals steadily mignate to the United States insearch of a good life.Some of them are even willing to live any life there. They would rather live in poverty there than en -joy a relativeprosperity at home. Therefore,lawers and doctors from C entral America may be found washing cars or waiting on tables in Mi ami. 3.Just as the 21st century requires a more diffused and safer balance Of interest in what needs to be an increasingly multilateral global villa ge, there is a risk of economic, institutional and political power being centralized in the European Community, and that a new bout of econ omic empire building may occur. 4.The path led straight through a wide stream.She could no longer risk disorientation by circling such obstacles.She took off her clothes and, with her belongings in ayion bag held above her head. She stepped into the chilling, neck-deep water. Minutes later she emerged. shaking uncontrollbably.But after warming herself by a small fire and re-dress ing, she set off with increased confidence.The limits of her physical capacity were expanding.

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