名词性从句教案-2021年高考英语语法一轮复习精讲精练

名词性从句教案

一、名词性从句的分类和特点

1. 名词性从句有4种：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

①在主句中做主语的从句叫做主语从句

例：Whether we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

②在主句中做表语的从句叫做表语从句

例：Go and get your coat. It’s where you left it.

③在主句中做宾语的从句叫宾语从句

例: Do you remember how he came?

④与主句中的名词处于同位关系的从句叫同位语从句

例：I have no idea that you were here.

2. 引导名词性从句的词，称之为连接词

连接词

{连接代词

{

what(ever) (无论)什么主宾表定

which(ever) (无论)哪个主宾表定

who(ever) (无论)谁主语

whom(ever) (无论)谁宾语

whose(ever) (无论)谁的定语

连词{

that 无意义不做成分

whether/if “是否“ 不做成分

连接副词

{when 何时，什么时候状语，

where 在哪里状语，表语

why 为什么状语

how 如何，怎样状语，表语

注：because, as if/though也可引导表语从句

3.连词that引导名词性从句，本身无词义。that引导主语从句，同位语从句和表语从句时不可省略，引导宾语从句时可省略。

例：It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.

He thought (that) I was talking about his son.

4.连词whether和if有词义“是否”，在句中不作任何成分，不能省略。

例：The carmakers haven’t decided if/whether they will put it into production.

5.常用whether不用if的六种情况

①引导主语从句且位于句首时

例：Whether 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.

②引导表语从句

例：The problem is whether we need it.

③作介词宾语

例：He was worried about whether he passed the English examination.

④用于不定式之前时

例：I don’t know whether to go.

⑤引导同位语从句时

例：The problem whether we’ll build another school hasn’t been settled.

⑥whether or not结构

例：It doesn’t matter whether or not she will come.

注：I don’t care if or not she will come.（×）

I don’t care whether /if t she will come or not. (√)

6.复合连接代词whoever, whatever和whichever等引导的名词性从句相当于“先行词+关系代词”结构。

Whoever =anyone who whomever=anyone whom whosever=anyone whose

whatever=anything that whichever=anyone who或anything that

例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.

Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.

7.选that还是选what要根据其在从句中是否担任成分而定。that在从句中不做成分，what在从句中可以做主语，宾语或表语。

例：That he has become a rich man is known to all in our town. （从句完整）

What I need is more time. （从句缺宾语，指物）

8.由连接副词引导的名词性从句

例：How this happened is not clear to anyone.

Could you tell me where the booking office is?

二、主语从句

1. 主语从句后置而其前使用形式主语it的4个常见句型。

主语从句在句中作主语，它的位置一般在句首；但主语从句较长时，为了使句子前后平衡，常把主语从句移至句子后部，而用it作形式主语。

①it+be+adj+that从句

可用于此句型的形容词有: wonderful, true，good，right，wrong，（un）important，useless，surprising，clear，unusual，lucky，certain, necessary等。

例：It is obvious that he doesn’t know how to tell lies.

It is surprising that he came late to school this morning

②It+be+名词短语+that从句

适用该句型的名词短语有: a pity，an honor，a good thing，a fact，a surprise，good news, one’s duty等。

例：It is a pity (that) you missed the sports meeting last week.

It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

③It + be +过去分词+ that-从句

适用该句型的过去分词主要有: said, reported, announced, hoped, thought，told，believed，expected，decided，known等。

例：It is well known that the earth goes around the sun.

④It ＋seem／ appear／ happen的适当形式＋that从句。该句型常可以转换成含不定式的简单句。

例：It appeared that he was calm, but inside his heart was beating wildly with fear。

=He appeared to be calm, but inside his heart was beating wildly with fear。

2. 主语从句在疑问句或感叹句中，多用it作形式主语。

例：Has it been made public when they will come?

三、表语从句

1. 表语从句还可用“because，as if/though”引导。其中，as if/though引导的表语从句可用于虚拟语气。

例：He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework。

比较：It looks as if/though it is going to rain. （非虚拟语气，表示下雨的可能性较大）

It looks as if/though it was/were going to rain. （虚拟语气，表示下雨的可能性非常小）

2. reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，不用because。

例：The reason that she gave for not being present was that the heavy snow prevented her coming.

四、宾语从句

1.宾语从句置于及物动词之后，当及物动词带双宾语时，宾语从句一般充当直接宾语.

例：These photographs will show you what our village looks like.

2.如果宾语从句之后还有宾语补足语，则要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句放在宾补之后.

例：He thought it a pity that he missed the film.

3.介词宾语从句不用which和if来引导

例：She was praised for what he had done.

Everything depends on whether we have enough experience.

She walked up to where I stood.

4.that从句一般不作介词的宾语，但在“except，but，besides”表示“除…之外”等词之后可用that。

例：I know nothing about him except that he lives next door.

注：并非except后的从句都用that引导，根据词义也可选用其他连接词。

例：I like her except when she’s angry.

5. 某些作表语的形容词后可跟宾语从句。

这类可跟宾语从句的常见的形容词有：sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，surprised等。

例：No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years.

6.“疑问词+do you think/believe/suppose(+从句主语)+从句谓语+其他”的句型。

例：1. —We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.

—What do you suppose has happened to her?

2. What do you think your father bought there?

7.宾语从句的时态呼应

如果主句谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，从句谓语动词根据上下文选用所需的时态。若主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句谓语动词一般只能用表示过去时间的某个形式。

例：I hear {

he will be back in a week. he has been back for 2 days he was back last night. he is on his way home.

She said {

she would be back in a week. she had been back for 3 days. she was busy. she was writing a letter.

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