建筑设计论文外文翻译(2)

设计（论文）外文参考资料及

译文

译文题目：Discussi on on The Pla nning and Design of

Commercial Buildi ngs

学生姓名：XXX 学号：09******83

专业：________________ 建筑学______________

所在学院：_____________ XX学院____________

指导教师：_____________ XX _____________

职称: ________________ 畐U教授 ___________

201X年XX月XX 日

原文:

Discussion on The Planning and Design

of Commercial Buildings

Abstract: the commercial building in residential buildings has become, most attract sb.'s atte nti on, the largest build ing is in flue need by the type of en ergy and Ian dscape of the city pla nning, desig n of commercial buildi ngs will face more problems. This paper discusses how to carry on pla nning and desig n of commercial buildi ngs, the con structi on of a rati on al, reas on able, appropriate bus in ess build ing, so as to create a good social and econo mic ben efits.

Keywords: con structi on pla nning; commercial build in gs; architectural desig n

Preface

Comprehe nsive is the developme nt trend of moder n commercial buildi ngs, architects in the design of commercial buildings and functions are changing, different positioning of pla nning, bus in ess characteristics and local cultural in flue nce commercial buildi ng mode, which requires us to continuously improve our project products, create more in line with the bus in ess n eeds of the best pla n and desig n works, and fin ally let inv estors and con sumers feel a con sta nt value, so that they feel superior comb in atio n of spatial con ti nu ous operati on, let the customer feel shopp ing pleasure, feel the beauty of life and the world.

1. Commercial architectural scheme

Commercial buildi ngs are gen erally large inv estme nt, high risk, long cycle, the successful operati on of returns, differe nt commercial patter ns determ ine differe nt commercial build ing form, and commercial patter n is determ ined and market positi oning, the positi oning accuracy of the architect, to commercial buildi ng various fun cti ons, property, facilities should have full understanding and effective organization, and different commercial construction pla nning ideas to produce commercial architectural desig n works are differe nt, econo mic ben efits of inv estme nt has great differe nce. Good architectural pla nning has decided the success or failure of architectural desig n.

I. Market survey of commercial building design must be based on the market survey results. Based on the characteristics and trend of foreig n con sumpti on, econo mic con diti ons, traffic con diti ons, the surro unding commercial patter n, city in frastructure, city developme nt pla nning, full market research bus in ess situati on, on the project itself, choose format, format portfolio, the distributi on of in dustrial cha in and area proporti on, in dustry select ion, distribution and area ratio to the shops, division, architectural form, area and the floor function, people oriented system, project environment and supporting facilities are set in adva nce. Provide desig n basis for the architect to desig n.

2. Mode dema nd regardless of commercial buildi ng is ren tal, sale or ren tal run

comb in atio n, the most importa nt is to determ ine the main format, for commercial build in gs, differe nt types of decisi on model is differe nt, its bus in ess scale, function flow, and so on are desig ned by itself to determ ine, differe nt formats have differe nt functional requireme nts, and desig n the use is required by the bus in ess decisi ons rather tha n the developer to advocate. The lack of directi onal desig n basis, the desig n appears to be uni versal, but shoot at ran dom. Once the fun cti on with the shop owner con flict, the desig n must be from the beg inning. Lan guage planning can increasethe early unnecessarycost and later investment difficulty. Therefore, architects should desig n accord ing to differe nt formats of differe nt architectural space mode an alysis and recomme ndatio ns.

3.ln commercial buildings in the process of planning, commercial real estate is the key to grasp the global experts and architects. Commercial real estate planner requires multidiscipli nary pers onnel coord in atio n ability of orga ni zatio n, accordi ng to the project of regional history and culture characteristic, according to local consumer preferences, in particular, the design project of the overall concept, culture orientation and market orientation is determ in ed. At prese nt, the commercial real estate projects gen erally orga ni zed by developers to overall pla nning, the in vestme nt in the project n eeds and bus in ess man ageme nt experts, bus in ess format store man agers and retail market ing pla nner, pla nner, com muni cati on Ian dscape pla nn ers, architects,etc. In the impleme ntati on of con struct ion pla n, still n eed to urba n pla nner, computer tale nted pers on to participate, to form a complete con structi on pla ns. Neither side may be arran ged to replace, the architectural desig n is in clusive and absorb ing these opinions, solutions and professional values of materialized labor and can form a complete architectural pla nning and desig n.

4.Susta in able developme nt and the characteristics of commercial buildi ng is a public place, with the developme nt of bus in ess, commercial build ings in 5-6 years will be to do a decorati on, simple and durable quality, less as far as possible n eed to repair and maintenan ce, and at the same time, accord ing to the differe nt project en vir onment and commercial content is flexible to adapt and ultimately the value of investors and consumers are continuous. Complete function, rich forms, and space is varied, characteristic, design must be the con temporary tendency of time aga in at the same time, in all sorts of culture and the differe nces betwee n s res on ate.

2. Commercial building design

Commercial buildi ng desig n is for the purpose of the con struct ion project to produce a good and last ing econo mic ben efits, the architect in commercial build ing desig n is to realize project to achieve a dyn amic model of inv estme nt retur n, is to complete a final accepta nee by consumers and continuous use of building products. Prophase planning orientation, inv estme nt, operati on and man ageme nt,each situati on is very complex, has brought great in flue nee, architecture desig n is an importa nt link. And architects for commercial architecture design is inclusive and absorbing these opinions, solutions and professional values of materialized labor and can form a complete works of architectural desig n.

(1) Formats combination design

The compositi on of commercial complex is decided by the bus in ess itself in dustry value

cha in, what kind of bus in ess comb in atio n is better for bus in ess. Architects should accord ing

to the preliminary planning and positioning, the first investment, operation and

management J ) :the of the pla nning scheme, start ing from the basic function and practical applicati on of build ing clear the relati on ship betwee n the fun cti on, space, en vir onmen t, i n line with The

Times tc desig n not only requires a new breath, also requires a reas on able and clear arran geme nt of whole spacef un cti onal requireme nts, and actively guide the passe ngerflow, manu facturi ng 1 i flow, differe nt articles require differe nt forms of space and locati on, reas on able distribution area, the partition of floor paving segmentation and supporting facilities design can avoid all i kinds of goods mixed Chen, mixed traffic situation, the architect should create rich, flexible, comply with the appropriate space to con tai n differe nt aspects of bus in ess comb in ation tech no logy n eeds.Must do to make it a complex, the in dustrial cha in, in dustrial cha in out after the value cha in came out, can produce all kinds of ben efits.

(2) Pattern design

Planning, design of commercial building in different commercial real estate development

mode, have completely differe nt results. Rent is not only sales, emphasiz ing on man ageme nt and value-added shops, if considering concurrently, also consider the preferences and

requireme nts of the buyer shops. Commercial build ings due to the differe nt requireme nts for mercha nts fun cti on layout is differe nt, also differe nt brands to the layout of the same forms are differe nt. By the limit of commercial build in gs, or differe nt developme nt cycle, or running effect is differe nt. Those who do not conform to the bus in ess law of commercial buildi ng desig n, although space modeli ng is rich, has implied the bad man ageme nt of hidde n trouble.

Therefore, meet the dema nd of mercha nts, digest the n egative in flue nee of all kinds of cha nges, architects in the desig n of the flexible space comb in ati on, provid ing differe nt pattern desig n, to the use of a variety of forms do fully con sider fun cti on of bala nee and coordi nati on. Commercial buildi ng itself the fun cti on of the comb in ati on is very complex, for

commercial, reside ntial, office each mixed complex project, the process will be more difficult. Commercial and apartment part often deployed in a low-end, office and hotel in the high-end. The advantages of this design can facilitate the building line layout; Low-end flat layer in the core tube locatio n is adva ntageous to the toilet set up; High-e nd part of the Ian dscape adva ntage is more adva ntageous to project high value products. But in the con crete project, but should also fully con sider buildi ng itself the vertical tran sportati on efficie ncy of the impact on bus in ess. In the design of architectural plane layout, space efficiency will approach combined with architectural form and structure. For example, many senior project adopted the practice of An gle, whe n the desig n accord ing to the econom y, it can in crease econo mic retur ns of about 30%, but in the specific project be careful not to damage to the corner form.

(3) The guidance system design

Stream of people, logistics, decisi on fun ctio n layout reas on able guida nee system is the key to the successof commercial build ing desig n. Make sure people line, logistics, in ward and outward, cha nnel form, to make the layout of the commercial fun cti on, con sumer groups have a wide range of interest and today free time, thus providing rich architectural space, in tegrat ing shopp ing, en terta inmen t, leisure and so on n eed comprehe nsive shopp ing mall is their

needs. Rich function as much as possible to meet the requirements of the customers, but also

satisfy the buyers (paveme nt inv estors, bus in ess inv estors) n eeds to provide convenient

logistics cha nn el. And express more in terest in the con struct ion details. And the n to create new bus in ess en vir onment. Let the con sumer feel the pleasure shopp ing con sumpti on, feel the beauty of life and the world at the same time, create more econo mic ben efits for store operators.

(4) Green building and characteristic

Gree n buildi ng on the one hand can save en ergy, on the other hand the susta in able of ben efits will far outweigh the prophase in vestme nt so as to achieve the value of overall impleme ntati on, gree n build ings gives the possibility of ability of susta in able developme nt and alterati on, whe n architects in the desig n of commercial build ings so there is no n eed to do best, do it right, and not have to do much more luxurious style reflected is the commercial build in gs, stron ger in proper. Commercial buildi ngs tend to be the cen ter of the city commercial culture, different cities have different style, therefore, the architects in the use of his style and technique, need deep understanding urban commercial culture characteristics, extract the essenceof the regional culture, architectural design make commercial buildings should have cultural features, local feature, more want to highlight the characteristics of the formats, spatial characteristics, cultural characteristics used in commercial build in gs, not only can sense the material shell, are show ing stro ng commercial build in gs.

3. Conclusion

Modern commercial architecture planning and design major programs, including the inv estme nt purpose and the un dersta nding of the bus in ess en vir onment for inv estors, commercial content on the project, the locatio n of the bus in ess en vir onment of con sumer behavior, commercial build in gs, the un dersta nding of the bus in ess con cept research, commercial building project planning, design process and method of design, for project con struct ion total pla ne desig n and auxiliary space desig n professi onal desig n, space form and form design, the project design space and form of management main body,property requireme nts,facilities and equipme nt requireme nts,architectural engin eeri ng and con structi on of the professi onal requireme nt.

中文译文：

浅谈商业建筑规划设计

摘要：商业建筑现已成为除居住建筑以外，最引人注目的，对城市活力和景观影响最大的建筑

类型，商业建筑规划设计将面临更广泛的问题。本文论述了如何对商业建筑进行规划设计，建

设出合理、合情、合适的商业建筑，从而创造良好的社会和经济效益。关键词：建筑规划；商

业建筑；建筑设计

、八■、-

前言

综合性是现代商业建筑的发展趋势，建筑师在设计商业建筑的方式和功能都在发生着改变，不同的策划定位、商业特色和地方人文都影响着商业建筑的模式，这就需要我们不断改进

我们的项目产品，打造更加符合商业需求的最佳策划方案和设计作品，最终让投资者和消费者

感到持续的价值，让商户感受到持续经营的优越组合空间，让客户感受到购物消费的愉悦，感

受到生活和世界的美丽。

一、商业建筑策划

商业建筑一般投资规模大，风险大，周期长，经营成功的回报也大，不同商业形态决定不同商业建筑的形式，而商业形态又取决与市场的定位，而定位的准确性，建筑师才能对商业建筑各种功能、物业、设施要求有充分了解和有效组织，而且不同的商业建筑策划思路产生不同的商业建筑设计作品，投资产生的经济效益差异较大。好的建筑策划已经决定建筑设计的成功或失败。

1. 市场调查商业建筑设计必须依据市场调查得出定位结论。对外通过对消费特点和

趋势，经济条件，交通状况，周边商业格局，城市基础设施，城市发展规划，商业现状进行充

分的市场研究，对内通过对项目本身的业态选择、业态组合、产业链分布和面积占比例，业种

选择、分布和面积占比，对商铺划分、建筑形态、区域和楼层功能、人流

导向系统、项目环境及配套设施等进行预先设定。为建筑师设计提供充分的设计依据。

2. 模式需求不管商业建筑是出租、出售或租售兼营组合，最重要的是确定主力业态，对于商业建筑来说，不同业态决定模式的不同，其业态规模、功能流程、设计等都是由它自己来确定，不同业态有自己不同的功能要求，这些使用要求与设计是由商家决定而非发展商自行主

张。缺乏定向设计的依据，所做设计看似通用性强，实则无的放矢。一旦功能与店家冲突，设

计必然从头推翻。言目的规划设计只能增加前期不必要成本和后期的招商难度。因此建筑师应

根据不同业态设计不同的建筑空问模式来分析和建议。

3. 在进行商业建筑策划的过程中，商业地产专家与建筑师是把握全局的关键人物。商业地产策划师要具备多学科人才协同组织能力，根据项目所处区域历史文化特点，特别是根据当地

消费者偏好，设计项目开发的总体理念，确定文化定位与市场定位。当前, 商业地产项目一般由发展商组织总体策划，在投资立项中需要与商业经营专家、商业业态店经理人员、商铺营销策

划师、建筑规划师、景观规划师、建筑师等进行沟通。在实

施建筑策划时，还需城市规划师、计算机人才共同参与，才能形成完整的建筑策划方案。任何

一方都不可能包办代替，建筑设计就是包容和消化这些意见、方案和专业价值的物化劳动，才

能形成完整的建筑策划和设计方案。

4. 可持续发展和特色商业建筑是公共场所，随着商业的发展，商业建筑一般在5-6

年就要重新做一次装修，简洁和耐久的品质，尽可能地少需要维修与保养，而同时，根据不同的项目环境和商业内容进行了灵活的适应，最终让投资者和消费者感到持续的价值。功能齐全、业

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农村社会养老保险的现状、问题与对策研究社会保障对国家安定和经济发展具有重要作用，“城乡二元经济”现象日益凸现，农村社会保障问题客观上成为社会保障体系中极为重要的部分。建立和完善农村社会保障制度关系到农村乃至整个社会的经济发展，并且对我国和谐社会的构建至关重要。我国农村社会保障制度尚不完善，因此有必要加强对农村独立社会保障制度的构建，尤其对农村养老制度的改革，建立健全我国社会保障体系。从户籍制度上看，我国居民养老问题可分为城市居民养老和农村居民养老两部分。对于城市居民我国政府已有比较充足的政策与资金投人，使他们在物质和精神方面都能得到较好地照顾，基本实现了社会化养老。而农村居民的养老问题却日益突出，成为摆在我国政府面前的一个紧迫而又棘手的问题。 一、我国农村社会养老保险的现状 关于农村养老，许多地区还没有建立农村社会养老体系，已建立的地区也存在很多缺陷，运行中出现了很多问题，所以完善农村社会养老保险体系的必要性与紧迫性日益体现出来。 （一）人口老龄化加快 随着城市化步伐的加快和农村劳动力的输出，越来越多的农村青壮年人口进入城市，年龄结构出现“两头大，中间小”的局面。中国农村进入老龄社会的步伐日渐加快。第五次人口普查显示：中国65岁以上的人中农村为5938万，占老龄总人口的67.4%.在这种严峻的现实面前，农村社会养老保险的徘徊显得极其不协调。 （二）农村社会养老保险覆盖面太小 中国拥有世界上数量最多的老年人口，且大多在农村。据统计，未纳入社会保障的农村人口还很多，截止2000年底，全国7400多万农村居民参加了保险，占全部农村居民的11.18%，占成年农村居民的11.59%.另外，据国家统计局统计，我国进城务工者已从改革开放之初的不到200万人增加到2003年的1.14亿人。而基本方案中没有体现出对留在农村的农民和进城务工的农民给予区别对待。进城务工的农民既没被纳入到农村养老保险体系中，也没被纳入到城市养老保险体系中，处于法律保护的空白地带。所以很有必要考虑这个特殊群体的养老保险问题。

工程造价毕业设计参考文献

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