高二英语——名词性从句精讲精练

【本讲教育信息】

一、教学内容

寒假专题：名词性从句精讲精练

名词往往在句中充当主语，宾语，表语和同位语。

在复合句中，代替名词充当主语，宾语，表语和同位语的句子统称为名词性从句。

名词性从句分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。

（一）引导名词性从句的连接词

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为五类：

a.连词：that（无任何词意，不作成分，只起连接作用，宾语从句中常可省略）

1) My hope is that she will soon be well again. (表语从句)

我的希望是她能很快康复。

2) Everybody hopes that she will soon be well again.（宾语从句）

大家都希望她能很快康复。

3) That she will soon be well again is our hope.（主语从句）

她能很快康复是我们的希望。

b. whether, if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性，不作成分）

1) Whether he is coming or not doesn’t matter too much.(主语从句，不能用if)

2) I went in and asked if/whether they had a cheap suit.

3) I wonder whether/if he will come in such bad weather.

c. 连接代词：what, whatever, which, whichever, (在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，指物)

1) ____he need is more time.

显然，主语从句：he是主语，谓语动词need缺宾语，因此应填what.

2) Tell us ___you saw and heard during your visit to that university.

3) This is not ___I want.

4) ____some people are against is ___other people are for.

5) The question is which team will win.

6) I have two apples, I don’t know which you want.

归纳：what一般用于不知道内容或范围的句子；which“哪一个……”一般用于给出内容或范围的句子。可作主语，宾语，表语，还可作定语。

d. who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose（在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语，指人）

1) Who will give us a lecture is unknown.

2) The question is who will come here.

e. 连接副词：when, where, how, why, whenever, however, wherever (在从句中作状语)

1) I have no idea how he learned about it.

2) Where she has gone is not known yet.

3) When he will start is not known yet.

4) This is why he is late.

注意：连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。

（二）具体分类

一）主语从句

在复合句中作主语的从句叫主语从句。

1) That you are leaving is a pity.

你要走，真遗憾。

2) Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather.

足球比赛是否举行将视天气而定。

3) What he wants to tell us is not clear.

他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。

4) Who will win the match is still unknown.

谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。

5) Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.

英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。

6) It is known to us how he became a writer.

我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。

有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：

（1）It + be + 名词+ that从句

①It’s a pity that we can’t go.

很遗憾我们不能去。

②It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

英语正在被人们接受为国际语言，这是事实。

③It is no wonder that he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day.

难怪他不饿，他整天在吃糖果。

（2）It + be + 形容词+ that从句

①It is certain that she will do well in the exam.

毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。

②It is probable that he told her everything.

很可能他把一切都告诉她了。

③Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture.

下周那位科学家将给我们作报告是真的吗？

（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词+ that从句

①It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.

据说格林先生已经到了北京。

②It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit. 据报道中国又成功地将一颗人造地球卫星发射进入轨道。

（4）It + 不及物动词+ that 从句

①It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.

爱丽丝似乎不来参加晚会。

②It happened that I was out that day.

碰巧那天我外出了。

（5）其他情况

①It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.

她是否来无关紧要。

②It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.

我们在哪里开会毫无区别。

③It suddenly occurred to her that she had forgotten to lock the door.

她突然想到,她忘记锁门了。

另注意：在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：

a. It is necessary (important, natural, strange, funny, surprising etc.) that …

It is important and necessary that we(should)keep the balance of nature.

我们要维持生态平衡，这很重要而且是必不可少的。

b. It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, et

c.) that…

It is a pity that you (should) miss such a good chance.

真遗憾你竟然失去这么好的机会。

c. It is suggested (requested, proposed, des ired, etc.) that…

It’s suggested that we (should) do the experiment a second time.

有人建议我们再做一次实验。

Exercises:

1. ____ is power is a famous saying known to us all.

A. What knowledge

B. How knowledge

C. That knowledge

D. Where knowledge

2. ___we c an’t get seems better than ___we have.

A. What, what

B. What, that

C. That, that

D. That, what

3. ___troubles me is ___I can’t learn all these English idioms by heart.

A. That, that

B. What, what C, That, what D. What, that

4. ___you need to improve your listening is more practice.

A. That

B. What

C. Why

D. How

5. Your skirt is really splendid, but ___we actually need is not a skirt but a new pair of shoes.

A. that

B. what

C. whether

D. how

6. ___she couldn’t understand was ___fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.

A. What; why

B. That; what

C. What; because

D. Why; because

答案：1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. A

二）表语从句

在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。其基本结构为：主语+ 系动词+ that从句。

表语从句位于连系动词后，可接表语从句的连系动词有：be, look, seem, sound, appear，remain等。

1) The fact is that we have lost the game.

事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。

2) That’s just what I want.

那正是我想要的。

3) The question is whether they will be able to help us.

问题是他们能否帮我们。

【注意】whether 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。

4) This is where our problem lies.

这就是我们的问题所在。

5) That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.

那就是他不到会的原因。

as if/as though也可以用在连系动词后，引导表语从句。

1) It looks as if it is going to rain.

看上去天要下雨了。

2) At that time, it seems as if I couldn’t think of the right word anyhow.

当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。

注意：当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：

The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.

because, why引导的表语从句

1) That’s because he didn’t understand me.

那是因为他没有理解我。（That’s because ...强调原因）

2) That’s why he got angry with me.

那正是他对我生气的原因。（That’s why...强调结果）

使用虚拟语气的表语从句

在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示，should可以省略。常见的词有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal等。

1) My suggestion is that we(should)start early tomorrow.

我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。

2) His proposal was that they (should) challenge the other classes to a friendly competition.

他的提议是挑战别的班级进行一场友谊竞赛。

1. Go and get your coat. It’s ___you left it.

A. there

B. where

C. there where

D. where there

2. —I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

—Is that___ you had a few days off?

A. why

B. when

C. what

D. where

3. —Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?

—Oh, that’s ___.

A. what makes me feel excited

B. whatever I feel excited about

C. how I feel

D. when I feel excited

4. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. ___I got wet enough.

A. It’s how

B. That’s why

C. There’s why

D. It’s the reason

5. ___makes his mother surprised was ___Tom Smith should have been fooled by such a simple trick.

A. What; that

B. What; because

C. That; what

D. That; because

6. ___made me more surprised was ___the pickpocket asked my friend to lend him some money and he agreed.

A. What; that

B. That; that

C. What; whether

D. It; that

7. See the flag on the top of the building? That was ___we did this morning.

A. when

B. which

C. where

D. what

8. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ___I disagree.

A. why

B. where

C. what

D. how

答案：1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. B

三）同位语从句

（1）同位语从句用于对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，但也可以由连接代词whether和连接副词引导。

1) They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.

对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。

2) We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.

到哪去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有解决。

3) The question whether we need more time to do the work hasn’t been discussed.

我们是否要更多的时间来做这项工作，这个问题还未解决。

（2）可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：

1) The news that we won the game is exciting.

我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。

2) The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.

我们是否该继续做这项实验，这个问题已经解决了。

3) I have no idea when he will come back home.

我不知道他什么时候回家。

注意：当含有同位语从句的主句的谓语部分过短时，可以把谓语动词提前，使同位语从句与名词隔开，以避免头重脚轻的现象。

1) The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.

他想到的是玛丽可能生病了。

2) Word came that Mr. President would come and inspect our school himself. 有消息说总统先生将亲自来视察我们学校。

（3）使用虚拟语气的同位语从句

在一些表示“建议、劝告、命令”含义的名词后的同位语从句中，谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”表示，should可以省略。

1) This is our request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.

尽快解决这个问题，这是我们唯一的要求。

2) He made the suggestion that we (should) go by train.

他建议我们坐火车去。

（4）有时可用namely, that is to say, in other words, that is, i.e. (=that is), for example等引出同位语，说明其前面的名词或代词。

1) He told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all.

他告诉了我们这个好消息：博物馆对外开放了。

2) There is only one way of improving your English, that is, to practice more. 要提高你的英语水平只有一个办法，那就是多练。

对比与用法

同位语从句和定语从句的区别：

①that引导定语从句时，为关系代词，代指先行词，有实际意义，在句子中充当句子成分，作宾语时可以省略；定语从句对名词加以限制。

②that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明。

试比较下面两个例句:

1) I had no idea that you were here．（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）

2) The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing. （that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）

Exercises:

1.___ is known to us all, William had broken his word ___he would give Tom a rise.

A. As; that

B. It; what

C. It; that

D. As; which

2. What do you think of the suggestion that we ___lunch at the new restaurant?

A. will have

B. are going to have

C. would have

D. have

3. According to Bill Gates, the idea ___we can play video and receive E-mail without sitting at a keyboard will come true. However, it is unclear ___it will be on sale and ___it will cost.

A. which; that; what

B. /; whether; how much

C. that; when; what

D. that; that; how much

4. Along with the letter was his promise ___he would visit me the coming month.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. whether

5. There is a feeling in me ___we’ll never know what a UFO i s.

A. that

B. which

C. of which

D. what

6. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ___road conditions need___.

A. that; to be improved

B. which; to be improved

C. where; improving

D. when; improving

答案：1. A 2. D 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. A

【模拟试题】（答题时间：40分钟）

一、完形填空

Today was the day of trying the new boat on the river. Nella jumped out of bed, got dressed quickly and woke up her brother Jed.

After 1 Nella and Jed arrived at the river bank and 2 the new blue boat waiting for them. They got into the boat and packed their picnic under the 3 . Nella started the engine and 4 they went into the wide, brown and unknown 5 of the river.

The boat sounded 6 round a bend in the river. On the distant sandbank they saw a long dark creature 7 in the sun. It opened one eye at them and then suddenly disappeared into the 8 .

“What was that?” shouted Jed.

“It looked like a crocodile to me!” said Nella. “We’d better be9 .” Just as they came round the next 10 the engine 11 and came to a stop.

Nella 12 to start the engine again. But it wouldn’t start. They were13 . “Let’s get the wooden oars,” said Jed. “Maybe we can push the boat free.”They tried but failed.

“We’re stuck on a14 ,” said Nella. “We’ll just have to sit here having

our 15 and wait for the water to 16 .”

“It’s boring!” said Jed.

Suddenly, they felt the boat move. It moved slowly off the sandbank. And the engine started again. Just at the same time they noticed a black 17 by the boatside and in no time it disappeared in the brown water ahead.

They 18 their journey down the river. It was so exciting.

At noon they saw a small river 19 off the main course. It wasn’t on the map. “Let’s20 in there!” said Nella.

The boat turned into the smaller channel. On both sides grew thick unknown trees.

1. A. meal B. breakfast C. dinner D. lunch

2. A. realized B. discovered C. found D. thought

3. A. sun B. boat C. fire D. seat

4. A. away B. around C. on D. up

5. A. flow B. flood C. direction D. position

6. A. smoothly B. normally C. badly D. hardly

7. A. walking B. lying C. running D. sleeping

8. A. sands B. woods C. air D. water

9. A. serious B. brave C. careful D. slow

10. A. bend B. river C. animal D. boat

11. A. put out B. broke down C. gave in D. got off

12. A. planned B. managed C. intended D. tried

13. A. stuck B. delayed C. stopped D. kept

14. A. river B. creature C. sandbank D. stone

15. A. rest B. picnic C. sightseeing D. fun

16. A. fall B. come C. rise D. run

17. A. snake B. fish C. shadow D. figure

18. A. continued B. started C. ended D. went

19. A. separating B. leading C. dividing D. leaving

20. A. observe B. watch C. explore D. play

二、阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

(A)

Last night was the last game for my eight-year-old son’s soccer team. It was the final quarter. The score was two to one, my son’s team in the lead. Parents surrounded the playground, offering encouragement.

With less than ten seconds remaining, the ball suddenly rolled in front of my

son’s teammate, Mickey O’Donnel. With shouts of “Kick it!” echoing across the playground, Mickey turned around and gave it everything he had. All around me the crowd erupted. O’Donnel had scored.

Then there was silence. Mickey had scored all right, but in the wrong goal, ending the game in a tie. For a moment there was a total hush. You see, Mickey has Down’s syndrome(唐氏综合征) and for him there is no such thing as a wrong goal. All goals were celebrated by a joyous hug from Mickey. He had even been known to hug the opposing players when they scored.

The silence was finally broken when Mickey, his face filled with joy, hugged my son tightly and shouted, “I scored! I scored. Everybody won! Everybody won!” For a moment I held my breath, not sure how my son would react. I need not have worried. I watched, through tears, as my son threw up his hand in the classic high-five salute and started chanting, “Way to go Mickey! Way to go Mickey!” Within moments both teams surrounded Mickey, joining in the chant and congratulating him on his goal

Later that night, when my daughter asked who had won, I smiled as I replied, “It was a tie. Everybody won.”

1. What was the score of the soccer match?

A. Two to two, equal to both the teams.

B. Three to one in Mickey’ s team’s favo r.

C. Two to one in the opposite team’s favor.

D. Two to one in Mickey’s team’s favor.

2. The underlined word "hush" in Paragraph 3 means .

A. cheer

B. cry

C. laughter

D. silence

3. “What did the author worry about when Mickey scor ed and hugged his son?

A. The result of the match would fail his son.

B. His son would shout at Mickey for his goal.

C. Mickey would again hug the opposing players.

D. His son would understand Mickey’s wrong goal.

4. Why did Mickey kick a wrong goal?

A. He liked the opposing players.

B. He often kicked the wrong goal.

C. He had a disease.

D. He just wanted to get scores.

5. It can be inferred from the passage that .

A. both teams liked and respected Mickey

B. both teams were thankful to Mickey for his goal

C. Mickey didn’t mind though his goal was wrong

D. Mickey was a kind-hearted boy and hoped everybody won

(B)

An Australian company, Smart Car Technologies, has developed a system that lets drivers know when they’re speeding. When the technology bec omes commercially available, it could help lead-footed drivers avoid tickets and also

save lives. The company that developed the product hopes to convince Australian government agencies to put the technology into use in their automobile fleets.

The product, called Speed Alert, links real-time location data and speed obtained with the help of GPS to a database of posted speed limits stored in a driver’s PDA or programmable mobile phone. The set-up of the product does not need to be hooked up to a car’s speed ometer. In fact, it is entirely portable. It will also work with newer phones and PDAs that have built-in GPS receivers. If a driver exceeds the speed limit, the speed is shown and an alert sounds. Michael Paine, an Australian vehicle design engineer and traffic safety consultant, was hired to analyze the product. He told Live Science that his colleagues in the road safety field are “very enthusiastic” about what they’re now calling “intelligent speed alert”. Others research, according to Paine, shows that 40 percent of all traffic deaths involve speeding. There is also a potentially controversial future use: “Since the system is so portable, it would be easy to make it a requirement |or teenage drivers to always use a speed alert device when driving.” Paine said. “The system even has the capability to record speeding violations, so parents can monitor their teenage drivers.”

The product will soon go on sale in Sydney.

6. What’s the purpose of the new product?

A. To inform us of the new car system.

B. To introduce some improvements in cars.

C. To limit certain drivers to safe driving.

D. To popularize the built-in car system.

7. The underlined words "lead-footed drivers" refer to the ones .

A. who drive too carelessly

B. that drive extremely fast

C. who are partly disabled

D. that drive too slowly

8. The second paragraph mainly talks about .

A. the project of the built-in product

B. why the system becomes popular

C. the functions of GPS in cars

D. how the product is programmed

9. What can be the best title of the passage?

A. Speed Alert and Its Future Use

B. Progress in Car-making Science

C. Warning for Adventurous Drivers

D. New In-Car Device against Speeding

(C)

Flags are flying at half-mast across China.

China is coming to the end of an official period of mourning for those who died in last week’s earthquake in Sichuan province. For three days, there have been

no entertainment events and the government has delayed the Olympic torch relay.

Chinese officials have said that the death toll from the catastrophe has now risen to over 41,000. Over 230,000 people were injured.

Along with the many accounts of suffering and loss, there have been a few amazing stories of survival. Chinese news reported today that a woman in Hongbai has been rescued after being trapped in a tunnel for nine days. She has been taken to hospital and is expected to survive.

However, hopes are quickly fading for those who remain trapped. According to the State Council over 32,000 people are missing in the quake area.

The re scue workers’ attention is now turning towards the recovery of bodies from the rubble (瓦砾) and providing food, shelter and drinking water for the survivors.

But the relief operation has been hampered(妨碍) by a series of aftershocks, the strongest measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale.

Chinese news reports say that mudslides have buried 200 relief workers in the past four days. There are also reports that thousands of residents have been evacuated(疏散) from an area in Qingchuan county where large cracks have appeared on the top of a mountain.

On Monday, tens of thousands of people rushed from their homes after the government warned of a possible major aftershock. They slept on the streets or drove to open ground.

Continuous rain is adding to the misery for the homeless. The foreign ministry has appealed to the international community to provide tents for the five million people who have lost their homes.

Yesterday, Premier Wen Jiabao promised to send 250,000 temporary housing units to the region by the end of June, and one million within three months. 10. According to the passage, how many people became homeless after the earthquake?

A. 41,000.

B. 230,000.

C. 32,000.

D. 5,000,000.

11. What is the major difficulty in the relief operation?

A. There have been constant aftershocks in the quake area.

B. Many people slept on the streets or drove to open ground.

C. There are still many people remaining trapped.

D. Large cracks have appeared on the top of a mountain.

12. What is the probable meaning of the word “catastrophe” in the third paragraph?

A. Big hospitals.

B. Constant aftershocks.

C. Great disaster.

D. Many mudslides.

13. What does this passage mainly tell us?

A. The Olympic torch relay has been delayed by the Chinese government.

B. O ver 41,000 people died and 230,000 were injured in last week’s earthquake.

C. 200 relief workers have been buried by mudslides in the past four days.

D. The great earthquake has caused great loss to the people, and they need help.

【试题答案】

一、完形填空：1~5 BCDAA 6~10 CBDCA 11~15 BDACB 16~20 CDABC

二、阅读理解：1~5 ADBCA 6~9 CBDD 10~13 DACD

名词性从句精讲(讲解+练习)

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