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初三英语形容词副词

初三英语形容词副词
初三英语形容词副词

形容词和副词专项讲解

1.形容词和副词的功能及位置

(1)形容词的功能:主要是用来描写或修饰名词,说明名词的性质、特征、状态,在句中作定语、表语、补足语等成分。

(2)形容词的位置

①作定语一般位于它所修饰的名词之前;

②alive, afraid, awake, alone, asleep等表语形容词作定语需后置;

③修饰someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, anything, nobody,

nothing等不定代词需后置;

④away, long, wide, high, deep, old等词附有数量词语说明时需后置;

⑤形容词+介词短语或不定式短语作定语需后置;

⑥用and或or连接的两个意义相反的形容词作定语需后置;

⑦作表语位于连系动词之后;

⑧作宾语补足语位于宾语之后;

⑨形容词或形容词词组作状语使用时,可放在句首、句中或句尾。

eg: ①China has a long history.

②Who is the greatest man alive? 谁是当今最伟大的人?

③I have something important to tell you.

④The road is about 50 meters wide.

⑤He is a man full of energy.

⑥A country, big or small, should be equal. 国家不论大小应该平等。

⑦The weather here is very pleasant. 这里的天气很宜人。

⑧I found the story very interesting.

⑨Tired and hungry, he returned home.

(3)副词的功能:作状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词等单词或短语,甚至整个句子,以说明动作性质或状态的特征。副词也可用来作定语、表语、宾语补足语。

(4)副词的位置

①修饰形容词、副词时,放在它所修饰的词的前面;

②enough作为副词总是置于被修饰的形容词或副词后;

③频度副词、程度副词可放在实意动词的前面,情态动词、be动词、助动词之

后;

④时间副词和地点副词一般位于句尾。如两种副词同时出现,则地点副词放在

时间副词之前,也可将时间副词放在句首;

⑤方式副词修饰及物动词可在及物动词前或宾语后,修饰不及物动词在修饰的

动词后或加介词+宾语后;

⑥副词作宾语,一般放在被修饰的名词后;

⑦副词作表语表示位置,位于系动词后;

⑧副词作宾语补足语位于宾语后。

eg: ①Our school is very beautiful.

②I don’t know him well enough.We haven’t enough food for you.

③He always helps others. He is seldom late for class.

④They stayed at home last night.

⑤He does his work carefully.

⑥They live on the floor below.

⑦The light is still on. 电灯还在亮着。

⑧I’m pleased to see you back.

2.形容词和副词级别的构成

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3.形容词和副词级别的用法

(1)系动词+ as + adj.原级+ as与……一样;

实意动词+ as + adv.原级+ as像……一样;

not as或so...as 不如……那样

eg: Lily is as careful as Lucy.

Lily studies as carefully as Lucy.

Lily doesn’t study as/so carefully as Lucy.

(2)系动词+ adj.比较级+ than… , 比……

实意动词+ adv比较级than…, 比……

less...than 不及……;不如……

eg: The problem is harder than that one.

He speaks English more fluently than I (do).

It is less cold today than it was yesterday.

(3)the + adj. /adv. 最高级+of 在(……人或物中)最……

the + adj. /adv. 最高级+in 在(……范围或场所中)最……

eg: Tom is the tallest of us all. Tom jumps the highest in my class. (4)one of the + adj. /adv. 最高级+名词复数……是最……之一among the

the +最高级+ of (三者中)最……的

the +序数词+最高级+名词单数第几最……

the +比较级+ of (两者中)较……的

all the +比较级格外,越发

eg: Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.

China is the third largest country in the world.

His mother feels all the happier for his success.

(5)Which/Who + 系动词+ adj.比较级?(两者中)哪一个较……?

Which/Who + 实意动词+ adv.比较级?(两者中)哪一个较……?

Which/Who + 系动词+ the + adj.最高级?(三者中)哪一个最……?

Which/Who + 实意动词+ (the) + adv.最高级?(三者中)哪一个最……?

eg: Which is better, this picture or that one?Who is the cleverest of the three boys?

(6)no+ 比较级+ than 和……一样不

not+ 比较级+ than 不像……那样

eg: This book is no better than that one. 这本书和那本书一样不好。

This book is not better than that one. 这本书不及那本书好。

(7)more and more + 名词越来越多

比较级+ and + 比较级(单音节) 越来越……

more and more + adj.原级(多音节) 越来越……

the +比较级,the +比较级越……就(越)……

eg: More and more people are using the Internet.

The more you read, the wise you are.

(8)more than 多于,大于,超过

no more than=only 只有,仅仅

not more than =at most 最多,不超过

less than 少于,小于,以下

no less than= as much/many as 多达

not less than=at least 至少

eg: He finished the work in less than one hour. 不到一小时他就完成了工作。

They are no less than 1,000 people here. 这里多达一千人。

They are not less than 1,000 people here. 这里至少一千人。

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(9)as + adj.原级+ as

基数词+ times 比较级+ than 是……的……倍

the +名词+ of

eg: The room is three times as large as that one.

(10)as+ adj. + a / an +名词单数+ as

the same +相应名词+ as 与……一样

the same as

eg: This is as wide a street as that one.

= This street is the same width as that one.

= The width of this street is the same as that of that one.

(11)比较级+ than any other +名词单数(同一范围)比其他任何一……都…… =比较级+ than any +名词单数+ else

比较级+ than any other +名词复数(不同范围)比其他任何……都…… =比较级+ than any +名词单数

eg: China is larger than any other country in Asia.

= China is larger than any country else in Asia.

China is larger than any other countries in Africa.

= China is larger than any other country in Africa.

(12)the + adj.最高级+名词+定语从句+ ever

=never…a + adj.比较级+名词最……

the most + adj.原级+名词最……

a most + adj.原级+名词非常,很

eg: This is the best film that I have ever seen. =I have never seen a better film.

This is the most moving novel. 这是部最动人的小说。

This is a most moving novel. 这是一部非常动人的小说。

(13)常用almost, exactly, just, quite, nearly, half等来加强原级结构的语气

eg: She is just as smart as her sister.

(14)常用much, far, even, still, a bit, a little, a lot, by far, a great deal, many times,

several

times, slightly, all the, rather, any等来加强比较级结构的语气

eg: The earth is much bigger than the moon.

(15)常用by far, much, a great deal, nearly, almost, ever, on earth, in the world等来加强最高级结构的语气

eg: He is the happiest man in the world.

(16)最高级的多种表达形式:

no +比较级+ than 没有……比……更……

否定词+ so +原级+ as

比较级+ than any other 比其他任何都……

eg: He is the most active boy in class.

= No boy is more active than he in class.

= No boy is so active as he in class.

= He is more active than any other boys in class.

4. 常见形容词和副词的用法

(1)名词+ ly/ y构成形容词eg:friendly lovely sunny lucky

(2)形容词+ ly构成副词,其变化规则为:

①一般在词尾+ ly eg:final——finally honest——honestly

②以y结尾变y为ily eg:happy——happily easy——easily

③以le结尾去e加y eg:possible——possibly gentle——gently

④特殊情况eg:whole——wholly true——truly

(3)有的副词不带ly多表具体概念,多位于不及物动词后;及物动词+宾语后;

介词前eg:They dug deep for treasures.

(4)有的副词带ly多表抽象概念,修饰形容词、副词、过去分词;修饰动词位置比较灵活

eg:He thought highly of you.

(5)有些副词带或不带ly表达意思明显不同,注意固定词组、谚语等习惯表达eg:be wide awake 神志清醒late 迟,晚hard 努力地safe and sound 安然无恙lately 最近地hardly 几乎不(6)多个形容词修饰名词的大体顺序:限定→描绘→大(小)→长(短)→高(低)→形状→年龄→新(旧)→老(少)→颜色→国籍→出处→材料→作用→类别等+名词下面的顺口溜有助于你记忆:限观形龄颜国材

eg:a big round black new wooden French table 一张新的大而圆的法国黑色木桌子

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初中英语 -形容词和副词知识点及练习(含答案)

形容词和副词 (一)形容词的基本功能及其在句子中的位置 说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态,常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。 1.形容词作定语,放在名词之前,不定代词之后。 e.g.The beautiful girl is my sister.那个漂亮的女孩是我的妹妹。 I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。 2.作表语,放在系动词之后。 e.g.Our school is big and clean.我们的学校又大又干净。 I felt terrible this morning.我今天早上感到不舒服。 3.作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后。 e.g.You must keep your eyes closed.你必须闭上眼睛。 I find it hard to travel around the big city.我发现在这个大城市旅行很难。 4.某些形容词放在定冠词之后,变成名词,表示一类人。常见词有good/bad,rich/poor,young/old,deaf/blind,black/white,living/dead等。 e.g.The rich should help the poor.富人应该帮助穷人。 The young should be polite to the old.年轻人应该对老年人有礼貌。 (二)形容词比较等级的构成:原级、比较级和最高级 规则变化 不规则变化

(三)形容词原级用法 1.说明人或事物自身的特征、性质和状态时用形容词原级。 The boy is too young. Math is very difficult.数学很难。 3.表示A与B在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。 (1)肯定句中的结构:“A…+as+形容词原级+as+B” e.g.English is as interesting as Chinese.英语和语文一样有趣。 Xiao Ming is as tall as Jim.小明和吉姆一样高。 (2)否定句中的结构:“A…+as/so+形容词原级+as+B” e.g.This book isn’t as new as that one.这本书不如那本书新。 I am not so careful as Lucy.我没有露西仔细。 (3)表示“A是B的……倍”时,用“A…+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B”结构。(一次:once,两次:twice,三次以上:数字+times) e.g.Our school is three times as big as theirs.我们学校是他们学校的三倍。 This table is twice as long as that one.这张桌子是那张桌子的两倍长。 (四)形容词比较级用法 1.表示两者进行比较时用形容词比较级,最明显的提示词是than,其结构为“A…+比较级 +than+B”。 e.g.Li Lei’s room is bigger than mine.李雷的房间比我的大。 This mooncake is nicer than that one.这块月饼比那块好吃。 注意:为了避免重复,在从句中常用the one,that,those等词来替代前面出现过的名词。其中the one替代可数名词单数形式,the ones或those替代可数名词复数形式,that替代不可数名词。 e.g.The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter. 北京的天气比广州的天气冷。 2.有表示程度的副词a little,a bit,a few,a lot,much,even,still,far,rather,any等修饰时,用形容词比较级。 e.g.I feel even worse now.我现在觉得更难受了。 It is much colder today than before.今天比以前冷得多。 3.表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更……”时,用句型“Wh ich/Who is+形容词比较级,A or B?”表示。 e.g.Who is taller, Li Ming or Wang Tao?李明和王涛哪一个高一些? Which sweater is more beautiful, the yellow one or the pink one? 哪一件毛衣更漂亮,黄色还是粉红色的? 4.表示“几倍于……”时,用“倍数+比较级+than”表示。 e.g.I am three years older than you.我比你大三岁。 5.表示“两者之间最……一个(of the two)”时,常用“the+比较级”结构。 e.g.Mary is the taller of the twins. Mary是双胞胎中的高个子。

高考英语形容词和副词

高考英语短文改错考点解析:形容词与副词 一、考点规律分析 短文改错对形容词与副词的考查主要涉及形容词和副词比较等级的误用(尤其是在本身已是比较级的词前误加more)、形容词与副词的混用(如修饰动词时误用形容词或修饰名词时误用副词)等,另外,用作表语时该用形容词的却误用了名词、简短副词(如in,down 等)的误加与漏用、涉及形容词搭配的as…as 结构、how 与what 的混用等也是常考的考点。 二、真题单句归纳 (1)After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening. (frightening 改为frightened,因它表示某人感到害怕,而不是令人害怕)(全国卷) (2)Charles said,“As soon as I see a realy tall building,I want to climb it. (realy 改为really 或real,若改为really,则修饰tall;若改为real,则修饰building)(全国卷)(3)Last Sunday,police cars hurry to the taller building in New York. (taller 改为tallest,因从含义上看此处应是最高级)(全国卷) (4)As a result,people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past. (去掉more,因为longer 本身已是比较级,不能再受more 修饰)(全国卷)(5)Therefore,there are still some countries where people have shorter lives. (Therefore 改为However,因此处语意转折)(全国卷) (6)People in industrial countries can expect to live for twice so long as people who lived a few hundred years ago. (so long as 改为as long as,其意为“与……一样长”)(全国卷)(7)In some places you may borrow many books as you want. (many 之前加as,因as …… as 结构不完整)(全国卷) (8)I told Mother,Father,Sister and all my friends here that a great time I had. (that 改为what)(全国卷) (9)I never knew a ride down a river could be so much exciting. (去掉much,因much 不能用来修饰形容词的原级,尽管它可用来修饰比较级和最高级)(全国卷)(10)I…m sure we?ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderfully 改为wonderful,因它是放在名词前作定语)(全国卷)

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