真题-英语翻译基础

【天津大学】

翻译基础

一、词条翻译（1分×30＝30分）

福利彩票welfare lottery

连环恐怖袭击案series of terrorist attacks

零团费no charge tour

按揭贷款mortgage loan mortgage finance

一带一路the belt and road

扶贫supporting the poor

微商micro business

西藏高原Tibet plateau

真人秀reality show true man show

增值税added value tax

餐桌污染table pollution

九二共识；1992 consensus

保险索赔insurance claim insurance indemnity

命运共同体community with a common future

探月工程moon probe project lunar exploration program moon exploration project

CAT computer aid translation 计算机辅助翻译

HIV human immunodeficiency virus

CPA certificated public accountant注册会计师civilian property agent 民间财产代理人

DOJ department of justice 司法部

modern pentathlon 现代五项运动

transit-trade 过境贸易转口贸易

graffito pollution 涂写污染

credit-card fraud 信用卡诈骗

animated feature 最佳动画长片

campus entrepreneurship校园创业

inter-city commuter 城际列车

social media whiz 社交媒体专家

binge-watch煲剧刷剧。

二、翻译

英译汉（60分）

The living windmill is not only beautiful but romantic too: a willing, man-serving creature, yoked to the elements, a whirling monster, often a thing of terror. No one can stand very near the crashing sweeps of a windmill in half of a gale without a frightening of the hearta feeling comparable to that which comes from watching the waves break over a wall in a storm. And to be within the mill at such a time is to know something of sounds very sources; it is the cave of noise itself. No doubt there are dens of hammering energy which are more shattering, but the noise of a windmill is largely natural, the product of wood striving with the good sou-wester; it fills the ears rather than assaults them. The effect, moreover, is by no means lessened by the absence of the wind itself and the silent nonchalance of the miller and his man, who move about in the midst of this appalling racket with the quiet efficiency of vergers.

In my mill, of course, there is no such uproar; nothing but the occasional shaking of the

cross-pieces of the idle sails. Everything is still, and the pity of it is that everything is in almost perfect order for the days work. The mill one day?some score years agotwas full of life; the next, and ever after, mute and lifeless, like a stream frozen in a night or the palace in Tennysons ballad of the Sleeping Beauty. There is no decayt merely inanition. One or two of the apple-wood cogs have been broken from the great wheel; a few floor planks have been rotted; but that is all. A weeks overhauling would put everything right. But it will never come, and the cheerful winds that once were to drive a thousand English mills so happily now bustle over the Channel in vain. 附上译文，大家看着方便

译文: 转动着的风车不仅看起来美丽，而且非常浪漫：一个受制于自然的魔力但情愿为人类服务的温顺家伙，一个飞舞旋转的怪物或者往往是一个使人惧怕的东西。如果谁在风力正强的时候靠近一座风车轰鸣的翅膀，心里都会骤然紧张起来——那感觉就像人们在暴风雨中望见水浪冲击堤岸的情景一样。而此时待在风车里边的话，就能对声音的来历有些体会，因为这里就是声音的洞穴。当然有些孔洞中所发出的轰鸣声震耳欲聋，具有很大的威力，但风车的声音则大体来说是比较自然的，它们是木头与西南风搏斗时产生的，它充盈于人耳而不会震耳欲聋。而且这种效果并不因为没有风或者磨坊主人及其佣人的淡漠而有所减弱，这些人即使是在震耳欲聋的喧闹之下，也总是一副文静态度，如同教堂管事人一般有条不紊地办事。当然，我进入的磨坊并没有如此喧闹，我只是偶尔听到那些冷落的车翼上的横木几声摆动罢了，一切都是如此寂静。更使人惆怅的是，一切又仿佛已完全就绪，就等着当天开工了。这个风车以前——大约几十年前——也曾是生气勃勃的，但是从那以后，它就永归沉寂，毫无生气，就像一条溪流在夜里突然遭遇封冻，或者像丁尼逊《睡美人》诗中的宫殿那样寂寞。这风车并没损坏——它只是失去了魂魄。风车上几个苹果木的榫子已从轮机上脱落了，地板上的木条也有几根烂掉了，但也仅是如此而已。只要一周的时间，就足以把这一切都修好。但永远没有这种可能了。因此，以前曾经使千千万万个英国风车一起欢舞的阵阵好风，而今也只能在英吉利海峡之上徒劳吹过。

英译汉……个人认为超级难，300多字，一共一页纸，个人表示根本没看懂。

汉译英（60分）

第一篇:澳洲孩子在家上学最重要的问题是距离，许多孩子在路上花费几个小时的时间，他们住在偏远地区或是农场。如果不去国办的寄宿学校上学，他们就只能在家学习。为此政府提出了通过互联网和电脑教学的“空中学校”。家长在家监督孩子上课，孩子的作业交给老师进行批改。

第二篇:这种农业模式经历了几千年风雨的洗礼，仍然在今天总有许多职能，养育今人。农业创新和实践集聚了人们独立生活和发展的智慧，是农学家汲取古代农业知识的源泉，是至今都让人获益的农业文化遗产，更是处于世界经济大潮中的人们休憩的岛屿。

【复旦大学】

一、C-E （完整版）

尽管古人把书说成“浩如烟海”，但书的世界却是真正的“天涯若比邻”，这话绝不是唯心的比拟。世界再大也没有阻隔。佛说“三千大千世界”，可算大极了。书的境地呢，“现在界”还加上“过去界”，也带上“未来界”，实在可以算是包罗万象，贯通三界。而我们却可以足不出户，在这里随意阅历，随时拜师求教。是谁说读书人目光短浅，不通人情，不关心世事呢！这里可得到丰富的经历，可认识各时各地、各种各样的人。经常在书里“串门儿”，至少也可以脱去几分愚昧，多长几个心眼儿吧？

可惜我们“串门”时“隐”而犹存“身”，毕竟只是凡胎俗骨。我们没有如来的慧眼，把人世间几千年积累的智慧一览无余，只好时刻记住庄子“生也有涯而知也无涯”的名言。我们只是朝生暮死的虫豸（还不是孙大圣毫毛变成的虫儿），钻入书中世界，这边爬爬，那边停

停，有时遇到心仪的人，听到惬意的话，或者对心上悬挂的问题偶有所得，就好比开了心窍，乐以忘言。这了“乐”和“追求享受”该不是一回事吧？（节选自杨绛《读书苦乐》）

二、E-C （回忆版，有缺失&小错，欢迎补充指正）

The rapid development of the technology has the important knockon effect on the audiovisual translation. New forms of translation are being created, two of which are fansubs and vedio games. Fansubs are (legally rather dubious) the practice of the ametur subtitles and distribution of film, TV series and other film extracts online. Fansubs are used for the mainly Japanese manga and animé. Fansubs are now being proliferated, due to the greater access to and affordibility of subtitle software. XX (2005) ...... of the addition of neologism and metalinguistic information ...... and the fact that little work has thus far been done in this area.Ametur translation is not confined to subbing -- Harry Potter series appeared in unauthoritive written translation in several languages as German, a collective of fans translated the fifth volume in less than forty-eight hours. A French translation led to the ametur translators of allegead branch copyright.

Vedio game is a blend of subtitles translation and games localization. ....... subtitles, dubbing or both. Mangiron and O’Hagan (2006: 11) call this type of activity“game localization”, ...... renaming the elements and characters, using, and delibrate choice of the nonstandard dialects. Commenting on the American version of the game Final Fantasy, Mangiron and O’Hagan (ibid: 13) give the example of the weaponfūrinkazan?(comprising the Chinese characters‘wind’,‘forest’,‘fire’and‘mountain’) that, is translated by the more concise Conqueror; for humorous (and, we can say, stereotypical) effect, a Cockney London accent is added to the spee ch of the merchant O’aka, who speaks with standard accent in Japanese.

兰州大学

翻译英语基础：

只有两道题，英汉互译，汉译英80分，英译汉70分。文章长度不短的。汉译英题目是《耐得住寂寞才能成功》，题目应该也要翻出来的吧，知青，马粪纸，插队下乡，有时代背景的，最后还有一段古文的小段。英译汉讲的题目是:Farming's greener future 还有个副标题，一点点偏科技文，讲到了遥感，利用科技减少农业生产活动对环境的负面影响，讲了做法和技术。【华东师范大学】

英语翻译基础:

一、短语汉译英15’

1、中国经济正经历深刻的方式转变和结构调整

2、深化改革开放共建美好亚太

3、大道至简，有权不可任性

4、立德树人

5、发展和规范网络空间

二、句子英译汉15’

6、to take aforeign stance at odds with America

9 、some of theevil of my tale may have been inherited in our environment.

10 、hiringpeople, get them on board and effective in works

三、段落汉译英60’

收旧货的人，带一副眼镜，穿得也很干净，看起来像个知识分子。大家这么说的时候，他总是笑笑，说我哪里是知识分子，小学毕业了，初中只念了半年。他脾气温和，举止文雅，他会将收来的旧货

四、段落汉译英60’450字左右

选自Artifact A: the Oracle Bone

From Beijing to Anyang—from the moderncapital to the cradle of the ancient Chinese civilization, it took 6 hours bytrain. Sitting by the window, there are moments when numbness sets in. Thescenery is pattered like wallpaper: peasant, field, road, village; peasant,field, road, village. The view of repetition is not new. In 1980s,

【南开大学】

一、英译汉是关于戴安娜王妃的简略评价以及穿插了一点查尔斯王子的内容；汉译英是散文，讲节日的真正含义（把平日因工作和利害关系而分开的人们重聚在一起享受真正的节日）二、名词解释：

华盛顿州；波音公司；亨利·基辛格；四个全面；三严；三实；《挪威的森林》；早稻田大学；“村上现象”；青蒿素；诺贝尔医学奖；合议庭；法官；检查官；经济封锁；禁运；“不结盟运动”；环境友好型；生态文明；国际货币基金组织；特别提款权；自由贸易区；

三、小作文是实习策划书，大作文是围绕我国的“一带一路”战略、文学和科技产品等“走出去”谈一谈语言的重要性，自拟题目。

四、

1、ISO. B/L. WHO

2、document against acceptance

3、nuclear disarmament

4、overhead pedestrian walk

5、US federal reserve system

6、alma mater

7、leap year

8、plead innocent

9、紫外线

10、食品添加剂

11、摩擦系数

12、大众传播

13、室内装饰

14、亚州基础设施投资银行

15、驾驶证

16、民用工业

17、农历

18、常备军

【郑州大学】

翻译基础：

一、英译中，10题，每题5分，经济，网络，科学方面的特别多，感觉不简单，尤其是科学。

二、一篇中译英，讲的是能不能从黑洞里获取能量的问题，讲了霍金的一些量子物理学理论。

三、中译英，总6段话，关于中华民族文明的。

大概内容有，中华民族文明五千年，是世界文明里重要部分。近代以来，什么中华民族到了最危险的时候，仁忍志士奋起反抗但次次失败。中共成立后，领导人民英勇抗争最终胜利。然后有一段建设中华文明，屹立世界文明之林。各民族和睦相处，团结，中华民族怎样怎样……有一段是中国人民想要更怎样更怎样更怎样（更高收入，更好社保，更美环境等等一大堆，积累的词条能用上咯）最后一段是我们的责任要怎样，展望未来。

这篇虽然长，但总体难度还行吧，比去年的利与义简单一些。主要还是要多关注政治方面的报道文章，才能更好把握。

【西安外国语大学】

翻译基础：

一、术语翻译基本在China daily上都有。

命运共同体；国家工商总局；人口老龄化；工信部；中央气象台；意向创始成员国；

21世纪海上丝绸之路；国家公务员考试；sharing economy；guide dogs；a community of shared interest；charging point；biomass diversity conservation；stealth shopper；food neophia；gross national happiness；proceeded meet

二、篇章翻译，两篇e to c ，两篇c to e.,第一篇讲瓷器的，第二篇是雾霾。

三、汉译英一个是说可持续发展议程的，西外一直都是考政经，今年也不例外，最后一篇是讲跨境电子商务的。

【河南大学】

英语翻译基础：

一、英译汉，15个

Tiger mom；bluetooth；a major economic persuit；second billing；fax machines。

二、10*2 句子

三、40分，关于winner，loser的汉译英。

【南京大学】

英语翻译基础：

一、短语翻译20个（重复率特别高，好像就出现4个左右新词）

OPEC；Guinness Book of Records；I-steel；Euromart；YOG；CPU；IMF；World Intellectual Property Organization；negative population growth；Celeblog；海选（新词：mass-election）；真人秀（新词：reality show）；对口支援（新词）；战略伙伴关系；打假；可持续发展；货到付款。

二、句子翻译（有3句，30分）

1、中美和则共赢，斗则俱伤（没写全，3个句子都是类似这种政经类的）

三、篇章翻译

1、英译汉（关于oil crisis，记不清了，平常可以多多练习政府报告，政经类文章，南大基本是偏向于这个方面的）

2、汉译英（用“一年之计，莫如树谷；十年之际，莫如树木；终身之际，莫如树人”引出中国为教育建设提的4个措施：在贫困地区开展扫文盲，尤其是青年，妇女，少数民族，注重教师，中国中小学教师辛勤工作，为全面普及教育做出重大贡献，值得被社会尊敬，中国一直有着重视教育的传统美德，“有教无类”思想源远流长）（大概四白字左右，记不清是英语四百字还是汉语400字，我印象中是英译汉：200～300，汉译英：400多，我说数字这样你们好有个概念，能把握好时间）

汉语写作与百科知识：

【华中科技大学】

翻译：

一、ABS DDN AQ CIO IOC IDD?

copycat product, subprime mortgage crisis, emergency preplan,东方明珠电视塔，旗袍，林业部，中国检察院，以权谋私，公款吃喝。

二、篇章英译汉，特斯拉S系列轿车新功能autopilot（这篇较长）。

三、汉译英，第一篇黄鹤楼典故名字来源；第二篇同仁堂的创立和发展。

【山东大学】

一、名词解释：

NGO；GATT；UNSECO；CIA；NATO；Oceania；maternal mortality；

migrant population?；special drawing rights；the large hardons collide；

universal declaration of human rights；tertiary industry；confucianism。

主要经济指标；宏观调控；合作共赢；中国央行；国家税务总局；中国铁路总公司；中华孔子学会；天命；民工；房地产泡沫；优秀文化传承。

【浙江工商大学】

一、词条翻译部分：

ECE；WWCA；IPO；IP；TOEFL ；WHO；PV；greenhouse gas；virtual economy；G20；

西部大开发；黄金周；互联网+；越剧；孟子；五角大楼；温饱工程。

二、篇章翻译：

讲了一个American equity 我猜应该是经济学人上的内容

三、汉译英：

讲了说剑桥大学教授发明了锂空气电池还有一篇讲的是上海男人妻管严，但是他们不屈从于老婆。

【北京师范大学】

翻译基础：

一、英译汉

family tree；decimal system；product placement；light beer；zebra crossing；

skopos theory；Buckingham Palace；National Geographic。

二、汉译英

和而不同；先天下之忧而忧后天下之乐而乐；千里之行始于足下；中国人民抗日战争；游击区；敌后战场；中国梦；沿海地区经济文化；拦路虎；硬骨头；依法治国；政治机构改革。

三、英译汉，一段讲设计生产流程的说明文

四、汉译英

潍县署中与舍弟墨第二书郑板桥

吾儿六岁，年最小，其同学长者当称为某先生，次亦称为某兄，不得直呼其名。纸笔墨砚，吾家所有，宜不时散给诸同学。至阴雨不能即归，辄留饭。薄暮，以旧鞋与穿而去。彼父母之爱子，虽无佳好衣服，必制新鞋袜来上学堂，一遭泥泞复制为难矣。夫择师为难，敬师为要。择师不得不审，既择定矣，便当尊之敬之，何得复寻其短。吾人一涉宦途，即不能自课其子弟。其所延师，不过一方之秀，未必海内名流。或暗笑其非，或明指其误。为师者既不自安，而教法不能尽心。子弟复持藐忽心而不力于学，此最是受病处。不如就师之所长，且训吾子弟之不逮。如必不可从，少待来年更请他师，而年内之礼节尊崇，必不可废。

【上海大学】

一、问答题(30\')

1，写出你熟悉的两位翻译家及其代表翻译理论并做比较分析

2，写出你熟悉的两位现代文学翻译家及其代表作，并阐述下各自的翻译理念。

二、汉英互译

1、汉译英，今年的上大汉译英尽然没有考政府报告公文类的翻译，考得是文学翻译，虽然上大参考书目有张培基散文选，但之前考察是以政论文为主的，楼主散文只练了几篇，主题围绕“保守文学”和“激进文学”展开，具体内容记不大清楚了，个人认为有难度不好翻，句子比较绕口。后续找到原文再上传给大家吧。

2、英译汉，英汉翻译比较简单大约七段左右，之前以为翻译时间会很赶，不过还好相对充足。

3、短诗翻译，前几年考过今年又出现了，短小精悍容易理解，主要考察文采押韵，反应原作风格吧。下面把这两部分的原文附给大家，大家感受一下。

英译中：?It was New Year’s Night. An aged man was standing at a window. He raised his mournful eyes towards the deep blue sky, where the stars were floating like white lilies on the surface of a clear calm lake.

He had already passed sixty and brought from his journey nothing but errors and regrets. Now his health was poor, his mind vacant and his heart sorrowful.

The days of his youth appeared like dreams before him, and he recalled the serious moment when his father placed him at the entrance of the two roads- one leading to a peaceful, sunny place, covered with flowers, fruits and filled with soft, sweet songs; the other leading to a deep, dark cave, which was endless, where poison flowed instead of water and devils and poisonous snake hissed (?发嘶嘶声) and crawled (爬, 爬行).

He saw the lights flowing away in the darkness. These were the days of his wasted life; he saw a star fall from the sky and disappeared, and this was the symbol of himself. His regret like a sharp arrow struck deeply into his heart. Then he remembered his friends in his childhood. But they had made their way to success and were now honoured and happy on this night.

The high church clock struck and the sound made him remember his parents’ early love for him. They had taught him and prayed for his good. But he chose the wrong way. With shame and grief he dared no longer look towards that heaven. His darkened eyes were full of tears, and with a despairing effort, he burst out a cry: “Come back, my early days!”

His youth did return, for all this was only a dream which he had on New Year Night. He was still young though his faults were real; he had not yet entered the deep, dark cave, and he was still free to walk on the road which leads to the peaceful and sunny land.

Those who still wander on the entrance of life, hesitating to choose the bright road, remember that when years are passed and your feet stumble (绊脚) on the dark mountains, you will cry bitterly, but in vain（徒劳）: “Oh youth, return! Oh give me back my early days!”

诗歌翻译：

life

(unknown)

Life can be good,

Life can be bad,

Life is mostly cheerful,

But sometimes sad.

Life can be dreams,

Life can be great thoughts;

Life can mean a person,

Sitting in court.

Life can be dirty,

Life can even be painful;

But life is what you make it,

So try to make it beautiful!

【安徽大学】

翻译：

一、词条一定要看china daily热词新词！基本都能看到！

二、中译英英译中就自己练吧。各种文体都要练。不过近两年没考文学翻译了。也是一种趋势吧。

【西安交通大学】

基础英语：

一、单词。

二、四篇阅读，四篇都很长，前两篇是各5个选择。后面两篇都是问答。

三、作文是个演讲，有关中国传统价值观的。然后问你中国的哪个价值观影响你最深。【西安交通大学】

翻译：

一、词语

静脉注射；自拍杆；联合国教科文组织；亚投行。

二、四篇段落翻译，英译汉我也记不得了，有一篇和比特币有关。汉译英一篇是百度实时动态地图，然后引出大数据，另一篇就是医学英语阅读上的骨骼系统，腰间盘突出那一点。【南京师范大学】

翻译基础：

一、英汉互译:OPEC,VAT,MBA,核心价值观，国际货币基金组织，首席执行官，古典主义，可持续发展，产学研，R&D center,shares&values,manned space mission,moral sentiments

二、文章英译汉:跟life有关

三、文章英译汉:跟神话相关

【华中师范大学】

英语翻译基础：

一、短语英译汉

ASEAN；G.E.O.Honda；Big Rapids；To Whom the Bell Tolls；AP；Volkswagen；

Christain Science Monitor；Out of Africa；Los Angeles Times；ECM；CBS；7-up；P&G；

二、短语汉译英

春运；放心肉；总领事馆；烂尾工程；格兰仕；联想；户口簿；党风建设；

三、汉译英第一篇是《小妇人》的节选，描述四个姑娘的外貌之类。第二篇是关于旧金山和平条约的问题，提到了日本对亚洲各国的侵略还有慰安妇什么的比较贴近实事。

四、英译汉讲孔子和天道之类的。

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翻硕14年英语翻译基础真题 第一部分短语翻译 英译汉部分(1*15=15’) CA TTI GRE GDP play of words Kumara Jiva semantic translation cultural untranslatability descriptive translation studies idiomatic expressions in English ideological conflict interpreter's booth negative transfer of culture over-loaded translation Robinson Crusoe Gone with the Wind 汉译英部分(1*15=15’) 兵马俑 高等专业人才 高等师范教育 研究生资格考试 形似 端午节 忠、顺 信达雅 文化偏见 黑话 形式与内容的统一 英汉翻译内在规律 《英译汉入门须知》 《词义剖析与词典编纂》 官方语言 第二部分文章翻译 英译汉(60’) A reader in Florida, apparently bruised by some personalexperience, writes in to complain, “If I steal a nickel's worth of merchandise,I am a thief and punished; but if I steal the love of another's

wife, I amfree.” This is a prevalent misconception in many people'sminds---that love, like merchandise, can be “stolen”。Numerous states, in fact,have enacted laws allowing damages for “alienation of affections”。 But love is not a commodity; the real thing cannot be bought,sold, traded or stolen. It is an act of the will, a turning of the emotions, achange in the climate of the personality. When a husband or wife is “stolen” by another person, thathusband or wife was already ripe for the stealing, was already predisposedtoward a new partner. The “love bandit” was only taking what was waiting to betaken, what wanted to be taken. We tend to treat persons like goods. We even speak of thechildren “belonging” to their parents. But nobody “belongs” to anyone else. Eachperson belongs to himself, and to God. Chil dren are entrusted to their parents,and if their parents do not treat them properly, the state has a right toremove them from their parents' trusteeship. Most of us, when young, had the experience of a sweetheartbeing taken from us by somebody more attractive and more appealing. At thetime, we may have resented this intruder---but as we grew older, we recognizedthat the sweetheart had never been ours to begin with. It was not the intruderthat “caused” the break, but the lack of a real relationship. On the s urface, many marriages seem to break up because of a“third party”. This is, however, a psychological illusion. Theother woman orthe other man merely serves as a pretext for dissolving or a marriage that hadalready lost its essential integrity. Nothing is more futile and more self-defeating than thebitterness of spurned love, the vengeful feeling that someone else has “comebetween” oneself and a beloved. This is always a distortion of reality, forpeople are not the captives or victims of others---they are free agents,working out their own destinies for good or for ill. But the rejected lover or mate cannot afford to believe thathis beloved has freely turned away from him--- and so he ascribes sinister ormagical properties to the interloper. He calls him a hypnotist or a thief or ahome-breaker. In the vast majority of cases, however, when a home is broken,the breaking has begun long before any “third party” has appeared on the scene. 关于凯程： 凯程考研成立于2005年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直致力于高端全日制辅导，由李海洋教授、张鑫教授、卢营教授、王洋教授、杨武金教授、张释然教授、索玉柱教授、方浩教授等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。 凯程考研的宗旨：让学习成为一种习惯 凯程考研的价值观口号：凯旋归来，前程万里 信念：让每个学员都有好最好的归宿 使命：完善全新的教育模式，做中国最专业的考研辅导机构 激情：永不言弃，乐观向上 敬业：以专业的态度做非凡的事业 平衡：找到工作、生活、家庭的平衡点 服务：以学员的前途为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作,为学员服务，为学