雅思模拟试题3-阅读
Reading Test 3
ALL ANSWERS MUST BE WRITTEN ON THE ANSWER SHEET.
The test is divided as follows:
Reading Passage 1 Questions 1 to 14
Reading Passage 2 Questions 15 to 28
Reading Passage 3 Questions 29 to 40
Start at the beginning of the test and work through it. You should answer all the questions. If you cannot do a particular question leave it and go on to the next one, YOU can return to it later.
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TIME ALLOWED: 60 MINUTES
NUMBER OF QUESTIONS: 40
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Reading passage 1
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-14, which are based on Reading Passage 1.
Stanley Bolanowski, a neuroscientist and associate director of the Institute for Sensory Research at Syracuse University. ‘When the nerve cells are stimulated, physical energy is transformed into energy used by the nervous system and passed from the skin to the spinal cord and brain. It’s called transduction,and no one knows exactly how it takes place.’ Suffice it to say that the process involves the intricate, split- second operation of a complex system of signals between neurons in the skin and brain.
G This is starting to sound very confusing until Bolanowski says: ‘In simple terms people perceive three basic things via skin: pressure, temperature, and pain.’ And then I’m sure he’s wrong. ‘When I get wet,my skin feels wet,’ I protest. ‘Close your
few days, but my little self-repair is almost complete. Likewise, we recover quickly from slight burns. If you ever happen to touch a hot burner, just put your finger in cold water. The chances are you will have no blister, little pain and no scar. Severe burns, though, are a different matter.
Questions 1-4
The passage has 10 paragraphs A-J.
Which paragraph contains the following information
Write the correct letter A-J in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.
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1 the features of human skin, on and below the surface
2 an experiment in which the writer call see what is happening
3 advice on how you can avoid damage to the skin
4 cruel research methods used in the past
Questions 5 and 6
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write your answers in boxes 5 and 6 on your answer sheet.
5 How does a lack of affectionate touching affect children
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A It makes them apathetic.
B They are more likely to become violent adults.
C They will be less aggressive when they grow up.
D We do not really know.
6 After the ‘wetness’ experiments, the writer says that
A his skin is not normal.
B his skin was wet when it felt wet.
C he knew why it felt wet when it was dry.
D the experiments taught him nothing new.
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Questions 7-11
Complete each sentence with the correct ending A-I from the box below. Write the correct letter A-I in boxes 7-11 on your answer sheet.
7 Touch is unique among the five senses
8 A substance may feel wet
9 Something may tickle
10 The skin may itch
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11 A small cut heals up quickly
Questions 12-14
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1 In boxes 12-14 on your answer sheet write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
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NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
12 Even scientists have difficulty understanding how our sense of touch works.
13 The skin is more sensitive to pressure than to temperature or pain.
14 The human skin is always good at repairing itself.
Reading passage 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 15-27, which are based on Reading Passage 2.
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Questions 15-19
Reading passage 2 has five sections A-E.
Choose the most suitable headings for sections A-E from the list of headings below Write the correct number i-x in boxes 15-19 on your answer sheet.
15 Section A
16 Section B
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17 Section C
18 Section D
19 Section E
springs.
Without the key, the pins are partly in the housing and partly in the cylinder, so that the mechanism cannot turn and the lock, therefore, cannot open. When you put the correct key into the cylinder, the notches in the key push each pair of pins up just enough so that the top pin is completely in the housing and the bottom pin is entirely in the cylinder. It now turns freely, and you can open the lock.
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Tubular locks provide superior protection to pin and wafer locks, but they are also more expensive, Instead of one row of pins, tubular locks have pins positioned all the way around the circumference of the cylinder. This makes them much harder to pick.
Conventional lock- picking techniques don’t usually work on this type of lock, which is why they are often found on vending machines.
Questions 20-22
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Complete the diagram below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 20-22 on your answer sheet.
Questions 23-25
Complete the notes below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 23-25 on your answer sheet.
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Picking a lock
Turn cylinder slightly using 23..................................
Hold cylinder still and insert 24..................................
Push top pin into shaft.
Hold top pin above cylinder, on 25..................................
Lift and hold all other pins in same way.
Turn cylinder and open lock.
Questions 26-27
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Complete the table below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 26-27 on your answer sheet.
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relate rewards to performance.
The result is a management culture which is entrepreneurially oriented and focused almost entirely on the short term, and highly segmented organizational structures - since employee incentives and rewards are geared to the activities of their own particular unit.
This business model has also required development of new personal skills. We are now encouraged to lead, rather than to manage by setting goals and incentive
The demands and stresses of operating according to the Anglo-American model seem to be leading to increasing rates of personnel burn-out. It is not surprising that managers queue for early retirement. In a recent survey, just a fifth said they would work to 65. This could be why labour market participation rates have declined so dramatically for British 50-year-olds in the past twenty years.
By contrast, the European management model allows for family-friendly employment policies and working hours directives to be implemented, it encourages staff to have a long-term psychological commitment to their employing organizations. Of course, companies operating on target-focused project management principles may be committed to family-friendly employment policies in theory. But, if the business plan
Questions 28-31
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Do the following statements agree with the writer’s views in Reading P assage 3
In boxes 28-31 on your answer sheet write
YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
NO if the statement does not agree with tile views of the writer
NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage
28 Attempts by British and mainland European firms to work together often fail.
29 Project management principles discourage consideration of long-term issues.
30 There are good opportunities for promotion within segmented companies.
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31 The European model gives more freedom of action to junior managers. Questions 32-37
Complete the summary below.
Choose the answers from the box and write the corresponding words in boxes 32 -37 on your answer sheet. There are more choices than spaces, so you will not need to use all of them.
Adopting the US model in Britain has had negative effects. These include the 32 .................................. hours spent at work, as small sections of large organizations
struggle to 33.................................. unrealistic short-term objectives. Nor is there 34.................................. on how to calculate the productivity of professional, technical, and clerical staff, who cannot be assessed in the same way as 35 .................................. employees. In addition, managers within this culture are finding the 36 .................................. of work too great, with 80% reported to be 37 .................................. to carry on working until the normal retirement age.
List of words
argument temperature reach manufacturing
increasing able office pressure
negative predict declining agreement
discussion no willing unwilling
Questions 38-39
Complete the notes below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 3 for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 38-39 on your answer sheet.
38 Working conditions in mainland Europe are in practice more likely to be……………
39 UK managers working to tight deadlines probably give up some of their…………….. Question 40
Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D. Write your answer in box 40 on your answer sheet.
Which of the following statements best describes the writer’s main purpose in Reading Passage 3
A to argue that Britain should have adopted the Japanese model of management many years ago
B to criticize Britain’s adoption of the US model, as compared to the European model.
C to propose a completely new model that would be neither American nor European
D to point out the negative effects of file existing model on the management of hospitals in Britain