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中国海洋大学942教育管理学2018年考研初试真题

2018年考研英语二真题与答案解析

2018年考研英语二真题及答案解析 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3. In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twe nty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock th em clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect wit h other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and pho tographs of disgusting insects. The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the ba sic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can back fire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a f inal experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would

2018年历史学考研院校汇总

2018年历史学考研院校汇总 2018年历史学考研备考已经开始了，大家准备好了吗？同学们在备考历史学研究生之前一定要了解哪些院校招收历史学研究生以及招生院校的详细情况。博仁考研老师通过收集相关信息为大家整理了历史学考研院校信息，希望能为2018年历史学考研的学子增添助力。招生单位名称所在地院校特性自划线院校博士点北京大学(11)北京市985211√√ 中国人民大学(11)北京市985211√√ 清华大学(11)北京市985211√√ 北京师范大学(11)北京市985211√√ 首都师范大学(11)北京市√ 北京语言大学(11)北京市√ 中央民族大学(11)北京市985211√ 中国政法大学(11)北京市211√ 北京联合大学(11)北京市中共中央党校(11)北京市√中国社会科学院研究生院(11)北京市√南开大学(12)天津市985211√√ 天津师范大学(12)天津市√ 河北大学(13)河北省√ 河北师范大学(13)河北省√ 山西大学(14)山西省√ 山西师范大学(14)山西省√ 内蒙古大学(15)内蒙古自治区211√内蒙古科技大学(15)内蒙古自治区√ 内蒙古师范大学(15)内蒙古自治区√ 内蒙古民族大学(15)内蒙古自治区√赤峰学院(15)内蒙古自治区辽宁大学(21)辽宁省211√ 辽宁师范大学(21)辽宁省√ 渤海大学(21)辽宁省大连大学(21)辽宁省

吉林大学(22)吉林省985211√√延边大学(22)吉林省211√东北师范大学(22)吉林省211√北华大学(22)吉林省吉林师范大学(22)吉林省√长春师范大学(22)吉林省√黑龙江大学(23)黑龙江省√哈尔滨师范大学(23)黑龙江省√齐齐哈尔大学(23)黑龙江省黑龙江省社会科学院(23)黑龙江省复旦大学(31)上海市985211√√上海交通大学(31)上海市985211√√东华大学(31)上海市211√华东师范大学(31)上海市985211√上海师范大学(31)上海市√上海财经大学(31)上海市211√上海大学(31)上海市211√上海社会科学院(31)上海市√南京大学(32)江苏省985211√√苏州大学(32)江苏省211√南京农业大学(32)江苏省211√南京师范大学(32)江苏省211√江苏师范大学(32)江苏省√苏州科技学院(32)江苏省扬州大学(32)江苏省√浙江大学(33)浙江省985211√√浙江师范大学(33)浙江省√杭州师范大学(33)浙江省√温州大学(33)浙江省宁波大学(33)浙江省√安徽大学(34)安徽省211√安徽师范大学(34)安徽省√淮北师范大学(34)安徽省安徽财经大学(34)安徽省

2018考研历史学基础考试大纲原文(完整版)

2018考研历史学基础考试大纲原文(完整版) Ⅰ考试性质历史学基础考试是为高等院校和科研院所招收历史学学科的硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生所掌握的历史学学科大学本科阶段的专业基础知识、基本理论，评价的标准是高等院校历史学学科优秀本科生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以利于各高等院校和科研院所择优选拔，确保硕士研究生的招生质量。 Ⅱ、考查目标 1.掌握基本史实，了解中外历史发展的主要过程、基本线索和阶段特征。 2.掌握基本理论，能正确运用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的观点，分析、比较和评价重要的历史事件和人物。 3.了解历史研究的基本史料，并能以科学的理论和方法分析解读。能辨析史料的价值、偏颇或局限，获取有效信息。 4.论据确凿，论证严谨，逻辑合理，文字准确。 Ⅲ、考试形式和试卷结构一、试卷满分及考试时间试卷满分为300分，考试时间为180分钟。二、答题方式答题方式为闭卷、笔试。三、试卷考查内容比例中国古代史约30% 中国近现代史约20% 世界古代中世纪史约20% 世界近现代史约30% 史学理论与史学史、历史文献学、历史地理学、专门史等方面的内容将有机地体现在以上各

部分之中。四、试卷题型结构选择题20小题，每小题2分，共40分名词解释8小题，每小题10分，共80分史料分析题2小题，每小题30分，共60分论述题3小题，每小题40分，共120分 Ⅳ、考查内容全部内容分为中国史(上古-1992年)和世界史(上古一1991年)两大范围。一、中国古代史 1.史前时代旧石器时代的人类新石器时代的主要文化遗存古史传说 2.夏商西周夏朝与夏文化的探究商朝及其考古发现西周的盛衰西周的制度和社会结构西周的经济与文化 3.春秋战国春秋五霸和战国七雄春秋战国的社会经济发展与社会变动

2018年考研英语二真题与答案

2018年研究生入学考试英语（二）试题 SectionⅠUse of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 . In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one. Unhealthycuriosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’

2018考研人大历史学真题回忆

一、名词解释（共8个，每个10分，共80分）海昏侯（16年复试题）、五代十国（教材可答）、土司制度（仝106，不全）、袁枚（北师大392）、李提摩太（仝171）、邮传部（根据复习山东大本和教材可得4分）、宋教仁案（长孙113）、中山舰事件（仝194长孙125）二、史料分析（50分）（一）材料：三代之贡、助、彻，止税田土而已。魏晋有户、调之名，有田者出租赋，有户者出布帛，田之外复有户矣。唐初立租、庸、调之法，有田则有租，有户则有调，有身则有庸，租出谷，庸出绢，调出缯纩布麻，户之外复有丁矣。杨炎变为两税，人无丁中，以贫富为差，虽租、庸、调之名浑然不见，其实并庸、调而入于租也。相沿至宋，未尝减庸、调于租内，而复敛丁身钱米。后世安之，谓两税，租也，丁身，庸、调也，岂知其为重出之赋乎？使庸、调之名不去，何至是耶！故杨炎之利于一时者少，而害于后世者大矣。有明两税，丁口而外，有力差，有银差，盖十年而一值。嘉靖末行一条鞭法，通府州县十岁中夏税、秋粮、存留、起运之额，均徭、里甲、土贡、顾募、加银之例，一条总徵之，使一年而出者分为十年，及至所值之年一如余年，是银、力二差又并入于两税也；未几而里甲之值年者，杂役仍复纷然。其后又安之，谓条鞭，两税也：杂役，值年之差也，岂知其为重出之差乎？使银差、力差之名不去，何至是耶！故条鞭之利于一时者少，而害於後世者大矣·····今欲定税，须反积累以前而为之制。援田于民，以什一为则；未授之田，以二十一为则。其户口则以为出兵养兵之赋，国用自无不足，又何事於暴税乎！何谓所税非所出之害？古者任土作贡，虽诸侯而不忍强之以其地之所无，况於小民乎！故赋谷米，田之所自出也；赋布帛，丁之所自为也。其有纳钱者，后世随民所便，布一匹，直钱一千，输官听为九百。布直六百，输官听为五百，比之民间，反从降落。是钱之在赋，但与布帛通融而已。其田土之赋谷米，汉、唐以前未之有改也。及杨炎以户口之赋并归田土，于是布帛之折于钱者与谷米相乱，亦遂不知钱之非田赋矣。——《明夷待访录》答题方法：专题知识；预测专题；（史学大家，史学著作，不做要求）问题1：根据材料归纳古代赋税制度（5分）问题2：作者认为赋税制度的演变趋势（10分）问题3：对作者的解决之道做出评价（10分）（二）材料1：“凡例”将“圣祖、世宗庙讳及朕御名字样，悉行开列,深堪发指。此实不逆不法,为从来未有之事，罪不容诛，即应照大逆律问拟，以申国法而快人心。——《清高宗实录》材料2：金粉东南十五州,万重恩怨属名流。牢盆狎客操全算,团扇才人踞上游。避席畏闻文字狱,著书都为稻粱谋。田横五百人安在,难道归来尽列侯?——清·龚自珍《咏史》材料3：盖自乙未以后，彼圣主所长虑却顾，坐席不暖者，独太后之废置我耳。殷忧内结，智计外发，知非变法，无以交通外人得其欢心；非交通外人得其欢心，无以挟持重势，而排沮太后之权力。载湉小丑，未辨菽麦，铤而走险，固不为满洲全部计。长素乘之，投间抵隙，其言获用。故戊戌百日之政，足以书于盘盂，勒于钟鼎，其迹则公，而其心则只以保吾权位也。——章炳麟《驳康有为论革命书》材料4：乾隆以来多朴学,知人论世之文,易触时忌,一概不敢从事,移其心力,毕注於经学,毕注於名物训诂之考订,所成就亦超出前儒之上问题1：材料2的作者是谁，写出他的其他名句（5分）（北师大的近代史料选择性读，概括著名人物作品风格；名词解释有关人物及其代表作）

2018年考研英语二试题与答案解析(完整版)

2018年考研英语二试题与答案解析（完整版） ——跨考教育英语教研室 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3. In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students'willingness to4themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one,5each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would6an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seve n were told only that some were electrified7left alone in the room,the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more sho cks than the students who knew what would8.Subsequent experiments reproduced th is effect with other stimuli,9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photograph s of disgusting insects. The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.Curiosity is often co nsidered a good instinct-it can12new scientific advances,for instance-but sometimes such13can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a prof ound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to15,however.In a final experiment,partici pants who were encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant pic

2018年考研英语二真题

绝密★启用前 2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）（科目代码：204） ☆考生注意事项☆ 1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号,并涂写考生编号信息点。 2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。 3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。 4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。 5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名

SectionⅠUse of English Directions： Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3. In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students’willingness to4themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one5,each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.The twist?Half of the pens would6an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified.7left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would8.Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli,9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for11or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct–it can12new scientific advances, for instance–but sometimes such13can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a profound one. Unhealthy curiosity is possible to15,however.In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to17to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the18of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine19it is worth the endeavor.“Thinking about long-term 20is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says.In other words,don’t read online comments.

2018年考研英语二真题及答案及解析

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二） Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again 1 that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland. A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one 4 by purposelessness: Without jobs to give their lives 5 , people will simply bec ome lazy and depressed. 6 , today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a gre at time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for 7 Americans. Also, some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting 9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National Un iversity of Ireland in Galway. These days, bec ause leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel 18 ,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters.

2018历史学考研专业课出题规律

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