英美文学名词中英互译2
2. Alliteration:The repetition of the initial consonant sounds in poetry..10. Anapest抑抑扬: It’s made up of two unstressed and one stressed syllables, with the two unstressed ones in front.12 Antithesis:(a figure of speech) The balancing of two contrasting ideas, words phrases, or sentences. An antithesis is often expressed in a balanced sentence, that is, a sentence in which identical or similar grammatical structure is used to express contrasting ideas.17.Assonance(半韵, 半谐音元音相同而辅音不同的韵, 如late与make): The repetition of similar vowel sounds, especially in poetry. Assonance is often employed to please the ear or emphasize certain sounds.19. Autobiography(自传；自传文学): A person’s account of his or her own life. An autobiography is generally written in narrative form and includes some introspection.21.Ballad stanza （民谣体诗节）: A type of four-line stanza. The first and third lines have four stressed words or syllables; the second and fourth lines have three stresses. Ballad meter is usually iambic. The number of unstressed syllables in each line may vary. The second and fourth lines rhyme.29.Classicism（古典主义）: A movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome. Classicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reason, clarity, balance, and order. Classicism, with its concern for reason and universal themes, is traditionally
opposed to Romanticism, which
is concerned with emotions and
personal themes.32. Conceit（奇
喻，妙喻）: A kind of metaphor
that makes a comparison between
two startlingly different things. A
conceit may be a brief metaphor,
but it usually provides the
framework for an entire poem. An
especially unusual and intellectual
kind of conceit is the
metaphysical conceit.35.
Consonance: The repetition of
similar consonant sounds in the
middle or at the end of words.36.
Couplet（双行体、双偶体）: Two
consecutive（[k?n'sekjutiv] 连续
不断的；连贯的）lines of poetry
that rhyme. A heroic couplet is an
iambic pentameter couplet.37
Critical Realism:The critical
realism of the 19th century
flourished in the fouties and in the
beginning of fifties. The realists
first and foremost set themselves
the task of criticizing capitalist
society from a democratic
viewpoint and delineated the
crying contradictions of bourgeois
reality. But they did not find a
way to eradicate（根除，根绝；
消灭）social evils.42. Diction（措
词）: A writer’s choice of words,
particularly for clarity,
effectiveness, and precision.47.
Enlightenment（启蒙主义）:
With the advent of the 18th
century, in England, as in other
European countries, there sprang
into life a public movement
known as the Enlightenment. The
Enlightenment on the whole, was
an expression of struggle of the
then progressive class of
bourgeois against feudalism. The
inequality, stagnation, prejudices
and other survivals of feudalism.
The attempt to place all branches
of science at the service of
mankind by connecting them with
the actual deeds and requirements
of the people.48Epic（史诗）: A
long narrative poem telling about
the deeds of a great hero and
reflecting the values of the society
from which it originated. Many
epics were drawn from an oral
tradition and were transmitted by
song and recitation before they
were written down.65.Foot（音
步）: It is a rhythmic unit, a
specific combination of stressed
and unstressed syllables.67.Free
Verse（自由诗：不受格律约束
的）: V erse that has either no
metrical pattern or an irregular
pattern.69. Iamb（抑扬格）: It is
the most commonly used foot in
English poetry, in which an
unstressed syllable comes first,
followed by a stressed syllable.70.
Iambic pentameter（抑扬格五音
步）: A poetic line consisting of
five verse feet, with each foot an
iamb—that is, an unstressed
syllable followed by a stressed
syllable. Iambic pentameter is the
most common verse line in
English poetry.71. Image（意象）:
We usually think with words,
many of our thoughts come to us
as pictures or imagined sensations
in our mind. Such imagined
pictures or sensations are called
images.73.Imagism（意象派：
1912年前后源于英美，主张主题
和形式摆脱因袭之风）: It’s a
poetic movement of England and
the U.S. flourished from 1909 to
1917.The movement insists on the
creation of images in poetry by
“the direct treatment of the thing” and the economy of wording. The leaders of this movement were Ezra Pound and Amy Lowell. Lost Generation（迷惘的一代）: This term has been used again and again to describe the people of the postwar years. It describes the Americans who remained in Paris as a colony of “expatriates” or exiles. It describes the writers like Hemingway who lived in semi poverty. It describes the Americans who returned to their native land with an intense awareness of living in an unfamiliar changing world. The young English and American expatriates, men and women, were caught in the war and cut off from the old values and yet unable to come to terms with the new era when civilization had gone mad. They wandered pointlessly and restlessly, enjoying things like fishing, swimming, bullfight and beauties of nature, but they were aware all the while that the world is crazy and meaningless and futile. Their whole life is undercut and defeated.Meter（韵律）: A generally regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in poetry.Metonymy: A figure of speech in which something very closely associated with a thing is used to stand for or suggest the thing itself.Myth:A story, often about immortals and sometimes connected with religious rituals, that is intended to give meaning to the mysteries of the world. Myths make it possible for people to understand and deal with things that they cannot control and often cannot see. A body of related
myths that is accepted by a people
is known as its mythology. A
mythology tells a people what it
is most concerned about.
Narrative poem（叙事诗）:A
poem that tells a story. One kind
of narrative poem is the epic, a
long poem that sets forth the
heroic ideals of a particular
society.Onomatopoeia:The use
of a word whose sound in some
degree imitates or suggests its
meaning.Oxymoron:a figure of
speech that combines opposite or
contradictory ideas or terms. An
oxymoron suggests a paradox, but
it does so very briefly, usually in
two or three words.Paradox: A
statement that reveals a kind of
truth, although it seems at first to
be self-contradictory and
untrue.Parallelism:(a figure of
speech) The use of phrases,
clauses, or sentences that are
similar or complementary in
structure or in meaning.
Parallelism is a form of
repetition.Poetry: The most
distinctive characteristic of poetry
is form and music. Poetry is
concerned with not only what is
said but how it is said. Poetry
evokes emotions rather than
express facts. Poetry means
having a poetic experience.
Imagination is also an essential
quality of poetry. Poetry often
leads us to new perceptions, new
feelings and experiences of which
we have not previously been
aware.Psychological Realism（心
理现实主义）: It is the realistic
writing that probes deeply into the
complexities of characters’
thoughts and motivations. Henry
James is considered the founder
of psychological realism. His
novel The Ambassadors is
considered to be a masterpiece of
psychological realism.Realism
（现实主义）: The attempt in
literature and art to represent life
as it really is, without
sentimentalizing or idealizing it.
Realistic writing often depicts the
everyday life and speech of
ordinary people. This has led,
sometimes, to an emphasis on
sordid details.Rhythm（节奏；韵
律）: It is one of the three basic
elements of traditional poetry. It is
the arrangement of stressed and
unstressed syllables into a pattern.
Rhythm often gives a poem a
distinct musical quality. Poets
also use rhythm to echo
meaning.Sonnet（十四行诗；商
籁体）: A fourteen-line lyric poem,
usually written in rhymed iambic
pentameter. A sonnet generally
expresses a single theme or
idea.Stanza（诗节）: It’s a
structural division of a poem,
consisting of a series of verse
lines which usually comprise a
recurring pattern of meter and
thyme.
2. Alliteration:The repetition of the initial consonant sounds in poetry..10. Anapest抑抑扬: It’s made up of two unstressed and one stressed syllables, with the two unstressed ones in front.12 Antithesis:(a figure of speech) The balancing of two contrasting ideas, words phrases, or sentences. An antithesis is often expressed in a balanced sentence, that is, a sentence in which identical or similar grammatical structure is used to express contrasting ideas.17.Assonance(半韵, 半谐音元音相同而辅音不同的韵, 如late与make): The repetition of similar vowel sounds, especially in poetry. Assonance is often employed to please the ear or emphasize certain sounds.19. Autobiography(自传；自传文学): A person’s account of his or her own life. An autobiography is generally written in narrative form and includes some introspection.21.Ballad stanza （民谣体诗节）: A type of four-line stanza. The first and third lines have four stressed words or syllables; the second and fourth lines have three stresses. Ballad meter is usually iambic. The number of unstressed syllables in each line may vary. The second and fourth lines rhyme.29.Classicism（古典主义）: A movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome. Classicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reason, clarity, balance, and order. Classicism, with its concern for reason and universal themes, is traditionally opposed to Romanticism, which is concerned with emotions and personal themes.32. Conceit（奇喻，妙喻）: A kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two startlingly different things. A conceit may be a brief metaphor, but it usually provides the framework for an entire poem. An especially unusual and intellectual kind of conceit is the metaphysical conceit.35. Consonance: The repetition of similar consonant sounds in the middle or at the end of words.36. Couplet（双行体、双偶体）: Two consecutive（[k?n'sekjutiv] 连续不断的；连贯的）lines of poetry that rhyme. A heroic couplet is an iambic pentameter couplet.37 Critical Realism:The critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the fouties and in the beginning of fifties. The realists first and foremost set themselves the task of criticizing capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated the crying contradictions of bourgeois reality. But they did not find a way to eradicate（根除，根绝；消灭）social evils.42. Diction（措词）: A writer’s choice of words, particularly for clarity, effectiveness, and precision.47. Enlightenment（启蒙主义）: With the advent of the 18th century, in England, as in other European countries, there sprang into life a public movement known as the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment on the whole, was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of
bourgeois against feudalism. The inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. The attempt to place all branches of science at the service of mankind by connecting them with the actual deeds and requirements of the people.48Epic（史诗）: A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down.65.Foot（音步）: It is a rhythmic unit, a specific combination of stressed and unstressed syllables.67.Free Verse（自由诗：不受格律约束的）: V erse that has either no metrical pattern or an irregular pattern.69. Iamb（抑扬格）: It is the most commonly used foot in English poetry, in which an unstressed syllable comes first, followed by a stressed syllable.70. Iambic pentameter（抑扬格五音步）: A poetic line consisting of five verse feet, with each foot an iamb—that is, an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. Iambic pentameter is the most common verse line in English poetry.71. Image（意象）: We usually think with words, many of our thoughts come to us as pictures or imagined sensations in our mind. Such imagined pictures or sensations are called images.73.Imagism（意象派：1912年前后源于英美，主张主题和形式摆脱因袭之风）: It’s a poetic movement of England and the U.S. flourished from 1909 to 1917.The movement insists on the creation of images in poetry by
“the direct treatment of the thing”
and the economy of wording. The
leaders of this movement were
Ezra Pound and Amy Lowell.
Lost Generation（迷惘的一代）:
This term has been used again
and again to describe the people
of the postwar years. It describes
the Americans who remained in
Paris as a colony of “expatriates”
or exiles. It describes the writers
like Hemingway who lived in
semi poverty. It describes the
Americans who returned to their
native land with an intense
awareness of living in an
unfamiliar changing world. The
young English and American
expatriates, men and women,
were caught in the war and cut off
from the old values and yet
unable to come to terms with the
new era when civilization had
gone mad. They wandered
pointlessly and restlessly,
enjoying things like fishing,
swimming, bullfight and beauties
of nature, but they were aware all
the while that the world is crazy
and meaningless and futile. Their
whole life is undercut and
defeated.Meter（韵律）: A
generally regular pattern of
stressed and unstressed syllables
in poetry.Metonymy: A figure of
speech in which something very
closely associated with a thing is
used to stand for or suggest the
thing itself.Myth:A story, often
about immortals and sometimes
connected with religious rituals,
that is intended to give meaning
to the mysteries of the world.
Myths make it possible for people
to understand and deal with things
that they cannot control and often
cannot see. A body of related
myths that is accepted by a people
is known as its mythology. A
mythology tells a people what it
is most concerned about.
Narrative poem（叙事诗）:A
poem that tells a story. One kind
of narrative poem is the epic, a
long poem that sets forth the
heroic ideals of a particular
society.Onomatopoeia:The use
of a word whose sound in some
degree imitates or suggests its
meaning.Oxymoron:a figure of
speech that combines opposite or
contradictory ideas or terms. An
oxymoron suggests a paradox, but
it does so very briefly, usually in
two or three words.Paradox: A
statement that reveals a kind of
truth, although it seems at first to
be self-contradictory and
untrue.Parallelism:(a figure of
speech) The use of phrases,
clauses, or sentences that are
similar or complementary in
structure or in meaning.
Parallelism is a form of
repetition.Poetry: The most
distinctive characteristic of poetry
is form and music. Poetry is
concerned with not only what is
said but how it is said. Poetry
evokes emotions rather than
express facts. Poetry means
having a poetic experience.
Imagination is also an essential
quality of poetry. Poetry often
leads us to new perceptions, new
feelings and experiences of which
we have not previously been
aware.Psychological Realism（心
理现实主义）: It is the realistic
writing that probes deeply into the
complexities of characters’
thoughts and motivations. Henry James is considered the founder
of psychological realism. His novel The Ambassadors is considered to be a masterpiece of psychological realism.Realism （现实主义）: The attempt in literature and art to represent life as it really is, without sentimentalizing or idealizing it. Realistic writing often depicts the everyday life and speech of ordinary people. This has led, sometimes, to an emphasis on sordid details.Rhythm（节奏；韵律）: It is one of the three basic elements of traditional poetry. It is the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables into a pattern. Rhythm often gives a poem a distinct musical quality. Poets also use rhythm to echo meaning.Sonnet（十四行诗；商籁体）: A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter. A sonnet generally expresses a single theme or idea.Stanza（诗节）: It’s a structural division of a poem, consisting of a series of verse lines which usually comprise a recurring pattern of meter and thyme.2. Alliteration:The repetition of the initial consonant sounds in poetry..10. Anapest抑抑扬: It’s made up of two unstressed and one stressed syllables, with the two unstressed ones in front.12 Antithesis:(a figure of speech) The balancing of two contrasting ideas, words phrases, or sentences. An antithesis is often expressed in a balanced sentence, that is, a sentence in which identical or similar grammatical structure is used to express contrasting ideas.17.Assonance(半韵, 半谐音元音相同而辅音不同的韵, 如late与make): The repetition of similar vowel sounds, especially in poetry. Assonance is often employed to please the ear or emphasize certain sounds.19. Autobiography(自传；自传文学): A person’s account of his or her own life. An autobiography is generally written in narrative form and includes some introspection.21.Ballad stanza （民谣体诗节）: A type of four-line stanza. The first and third lines have four stressed words or syllables; the second and fourth lines have three stresses. Ballad meter is usually iambic. The number of unstressed syllables in each line may vary. The second and fourth lines rhyme.29.Classicism（古典主义）: A movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome. Classicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reason, clarity,
balance, and order. Classicism, with its concern for reason and universal themes, is traditionally opposed to Romanticism, which is concerned with emotions and personal themes.32. Conceit（奇喻，妙喻）: A kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two startlingly different things. A conceit may be a brief metaphor, but it usually provides the framework for an entire poem. An especially unusual and intellectual kind of conceit is the metaphysical conceit.35. Consonance: The repetition of similar consonant sounds in the middle or at the end of words.36. Couplet（双行体、双偶体）: Two consecutive（[k?n'sekjutiv] 连续不断的；连贯的）lines of poetry that rhyme. A heroic couplet is an iambic pentameter couplet.37 Critical Realism:The critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the fouties and in the beginning of fifties. The realists first and foremost set themselves the task of criticizing capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated the crying contradictions of bourgeois reality. But they did not find a way to eradicate（根除，根绝；消灭）social evils.42. Diction（措词）: A writer’s choice of words, particularly for clarity, effectiveness, and precision.47. Enlightenment（启蒙主义）: With the advent of the 18th century, in England, as in other European countries, there sprang into life a public movement known as the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment on the whole, was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of
bourgeois against feudalism. The
inequality, stagnation, prejudices
and other survivals of feudalism.
The attempt to place all branches
of science at the service of
mankind by connecting them with
the actual deeds and requirements
of the people.48Epic（史诗）: A
long narrative poem telling about
the deeds of a great hero and
reflecting the values of the society
from which it originated. Many
epics were drawn from an oral
tradition and were transmitted by
song and recitation before they
were written down.65.Foot（音
步）: It is a rhythmic unit, a
specific combination of stressed
and unstressed syllables.67.Free
Verse（自由诗：不受格律约束
的）: V erse that has either no
metrical pattern or an irregular
pattern.69. Iamb（抑扬格）: It is
the most commonly used foot in
English poetry, in which an
unstressed syllable comes first,
followed by a stressed syllable.70.
Iambic pentameter（抑扬格五音
步）: A poetic line consisting of
five verse feet, with each foot an
iamb—that is, an unstressed
syllable followed by a stressed
syllable. Iambic pentameter is the
most common verse line in
English poetry.71. Image（意象）:
We usually think with words,
many of our thoughts come to us
as pictures or imagined sensations
in our mind. Such imagined
pictures or sensations are called
images.73.Imagism（意象派：
1912年前后源于英美，主张主题
和形式摆脱因袭之风）: It’s a
poetic movement of England and
the U.S. flourished from 1909 to
1917.The movement insists on the
creation of images in poetry by
“the direct treatment of the thing”
and the economy of wording. The
leaders of this movement were
Ezra Pound and Amy Lowell.
Lost Generation（迷惘的一代）:
This term has been used again
and again to describe the people
of the postwar years. It describes
the Americans who remained in
Paris as a colony of “expatriates”
or exiles. It describes the writers
like Hemingway who lived in
semi poverty. It describes the
Americans who returned to their
native land with an intense
awareness of living in an
unfamiliar changing world. The
young English and American
expatriates, men and women,
were caught in the war and cut off
from the old values and yet
unable to come to terms with the
new era when civilization had
gone mad. They wandered
pointlessly and restlessly,
enjoying things like fishing,
swimming, bullfight and beauties
of nature, but they were aware all
the while that the world is crazy
and meaningless and futile. Their
whole life is undercut and
defeated.Meter（韵律）: A
generally regular pattern of
stressed and unstressed syllables
in poetry.Metonymy: A figure of
speech in which something very
closely associated with a thing is
used to stand for or suggest the
thing itself.Myth:A story, often
about immortals and sometimes
connected with religious rituals,
that is intended to give meaning
to the mysteries of the world.
Myths make it possible for people
to understand and deal with things that they cannot control and often cannot see. A body of related myths that is accepted by a people is known as its mythology. A mythology tells a people what it is most concerned about. Narrative poem（叙事诗）:A poem that tells a story. One kind of narrative poem is the epic, a long poem that sets forth the heroic ideals of a particular society.Onomatopoeia:The use of a word whose sound in some degree imitates or suggests its meaning.Oxymoron:a figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory ideas or terms. An oxymoron suggests a paradox, but it does so very briefly, usually in two or three words.Paradox: A statement that reveals a kind of truth, although it seems at first to be self-contradictory and untrue.Parallelism:(a figure of speech) The use of phrases, clauses, or sentences that are similar or complementary in structure or in meaning. Parallelism is a form of repetition.Poetry: The most distinctive characteristic of poetry is form and music. Poetry is concerned with not only what is said but how it is said. Poetry evokes emotions rather than express facts. Poetry means having a poetic experience. Imagination is also an essential quality of poetry. Poetry often leads us to new perceptions, new feelings and experiences of which we have not previously been aware.Psychological Realism（心理现实主义）: It is the realistic writing that probes deeply into the complexities of characters’ thoughts and motivations. Henry James is considered the founder of psychological realism. His novel The Ambassadors is considered to be a masterpiece of psychological realism.Realism （现实主义）: The attempt in literature and art to represent life as it really is, without sentimentalizing or idealizing it. Realistic writing often depicts the everyday life and speech of ordinary people. This has led, sometimes, to an emphasis on sordid details.Rhythm（节奏；韵律）: It is one of the three basic elements of traditional poetry. It is the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables into a pattern. Rhythm often gives a poem a distinct musical quality. Poets also use rhythm to echo meaning.Sonnet（十四行诗；商籁体）: A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter. A sonnet generally expresses a single theme or idea.Stanza（诗节）: It’s a structural division of a poem, consisting of a series of verse lines which usually comprise a recurring pattern of meter and thyme.
自考英美文学选读 第一章 文艺复兴时期(英国)(课文翻译)
英美文学选读翻译（英语专业自考） 第一部分：英国文学 第一章文艺复兴时期 文艺复兴标志着一个过渡时期,即中世纪的结束和现代社会的开始。一般来说,文艺复兴时期是从十四世纪到十七世纪中叶。它从意大利兴起,伴随着绘画、雕塑和文学领域的百花齐放,而后文艺复兴浪潮席卷了整个欧洲。文艺复兴,顾名思义即重生、复苏,是由一系列历史事件激发推动的,其中包括对古希腊罗马文化的重新发现。地理天文领域的新发现,宗教改革及经济发展。因此,文艺复兴从本质上是欧洲人文主义者竭力摒弃中世纪欧洲的封建主义,推行代表新兴城市资产阶级利益的新思想,并恢复早期宗教的纯洁性,远离腐败的罗马天主教廷的一场运动。 文艺复兴浪潮影响到英国的速度比较慢,不仅因为英国远离欧洲大陆,而且还因为其国内的动荡不安。乔叟去世后的一个半世纪是英国历史上最动荡不安的时期。好战的贵族篡取了王位,使英国走上自我毁灭之路。著名的玫瑰之战就是极好的例子。后来理查三世的恐怖统治标志着内战的结束,在都铎王朝的统治下英国的民族情感又成长起来。然而直到亨利八世统治期间(1509-1547),文艺复兴的春风才吹入英国。在亨利八世的鼓励下,牛津的改革派学者和人文主义者们将古典文学引入英国。基于古典文学作品及《圣经》的教育重获生机,而十五世纪就被广泛传阅的文学作品则更加流行了。自此,英国的文艺复兴开始了。英国,尤其是英国文学进入了黄金时代。这个时期涌现出莎士比亚、斯宾塞、约翰逊、锡德尼、马洛、培根及邓恩等一大批文学巨匠。但英国的文艺复兴并未使新文学与旧时代彻底决裂,带有十四、十五世纪特点的创作态度与情感依然贯穿在人文主义与改革时代。 人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。它源于努力恢复中世纪产生的对古希腊罗马文化的尊崇。人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以"人"为中心,人是万物之灵。通过这些对古代文化崭新的研究,人文主义者不仅看到了光彩夺目的艺术启明星,还在那古典作品中寻求到了人的价值。在中世纪的社会中,个人完全隶属于封建统治,没有独立和自由可言;在中世纪的神学理论中,人与周围世界的关系仅仅是人消极适应或消极遁世,不允许追求快乐,以备死后灵魂得以超脱。然而人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到了充足的论据,来赞美人性,并开始注意到人类是光荣的生命,人自己可以不断发展,至善至美,而且人们生存的世界是属于他们的,供他们怀疑、探索以及享受。由此,人文主义者通过强调人类的尊严、强调今生今世的重要性,喊出了他们的信仰,即人类不仅有权利在今生今世美好生活,而且还有能力完善自我,创造奇迹。人文主义遍布英国思想领域的。标志是荷兰学者伊拉斯谟先后到牛津大学与剑桥大学讲授古典文化研究。托马斯·漠尔、克利斯朵夫·马洛和威廉·莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。
英汉词语比较与翻译
第三章英汉词语比较与翻译对等 第一节翻译对等 Equivalence is the relationship between a source text (ST) and a target text (TT) that allows the TT to be considered as a translation of the ST in the first Place. 对等是翻译理论中的中心概念。 卡特福德认为翻译的中心任务就是确定翻译对等的性质和条件。 奈达提出了“动态对等”与“形式对等”这两个概念。形式对等：原语文本的形式在目的语中被机械地再现，目的是允许原语文本以自己的表达方式说话，而非经过调整来适应目的语文化，实践中，既不分句也不合句并保留标点和分段等形式标示。由于两种语言之间的差异，这类翻译扭曲了目的语的语法和文体风格，从而导致信息歪曲。运用形式对等主要是追求翻译的精确性并尽可能保留原语的形式。形式对等有其局限性，但有时却是最为合适的翻译策略。动态对等就是将原语译成目的语后，目的语读者的反应与原语读者读原语时的反应一致。它通过分析、转移和重建三个过程来实现，进行动态对等翻译包括：运用适合目的语文化的表达法去替代原语中的相应表达法；使原语文本中语言上隐含的信息明显化；为了增进理解增加一定量的冗余表达。例如，奈达将《圣经》中的“Lamb of God”译为“Seal of God”。有时功能对等也被用来代替奈达提出的动态对等。 第二节英汉词语比较与翻译对等 词的意义是它在特定的语言系统中的具体价值或通过在特定语言系统中的运用而具有的个性。 词的意义可分为四种：命题意义(propositional meaning)、表情意义(expressive meaning) 、搭配意义(collocational meaning)和唤起意义(evoked meaning)。 命题意义描述一个词与现实世界或想象世界中所指称或描述的事物之间的关系，是判断话语是真还是假的基础。语言以符号的方式描绘经验世界。 人总是能够说出他们经验当中的任何事物，因为语言符号覆盖了这个经验世界。但是，语言对经验世界的分割表现出若干层次性。词对于世界的分割应表现为不同的层次。 English: skill craft craft guild 汉语：技巧技巧行会行会
中国特别词语英文翻译
1、中国意念词（Chinesenesses） 八卦 trigram 阴、阳 yin, yang 道 Dao（cf. logo） 江湖（世界） the jianghu World （the traits’ world） e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖，身 不由己) 道 Daoism（Taoism） 上火 excessive internal heat 儒学 Confucianism 红学（《红楼梦》研究） redology 世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia 开放 kaifang （Chinese openness to the outside world） 大锅饭 getting an equal share regardless of the work done 不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on … 合乎国情，顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people 乱摊派，乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge 铁交椅 iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post
脱贫 to shake off poverty; anti-poverty 治则兴，乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline 2、中华民族的喜庆节日（Chinese Festivial） 国庆节 National Day 中秋节 Mid-Autumn Festival 春节 Spring Festival 元宵节 Lantern Festival 儿童节 Children’s Day 端午节 Dragon Boat Festival 妇女节 Women’s Day 泼水节 Water-Splashing Day 教师节 Teachers’ Day 五四青年节 Youth Day 3、中国独特的传统饮食（Unique Traditional Chinese Foods） 馄饨 wonton 锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi) 花卷 steamed twisted rolls 套餐 set meal 盒饭 box lunch; Chinese take-away
英汉词汇的文化差异及翻译
龙源期刊网 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/506864663.html, 英汉词汇的文化差异及翻译 作者：徐洁 来源：《新一代》2011年第03期 摘要：文化差异是造成翻译困难的重要原因，而词汇作为构成语言的最小单位，它所表 现出来的文化差异对翻译的成功有着重要影响。本文从词汇的指称意义和语用意义来探讨英汉文化的差异以及如何采取灵活的翻译手法，尽可能减少文化亏损，全面传达词汇的文化含义。 关键词：词汇；文化差异；指称意义；语用意义 中图分类号：G640 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1003-2851（2011）03-0185-02 翻译是译者对所认识的事物的再认识和再表达，这种再认识和再表达常常是从不同的角度，按照译语民族的习惯方式进行的，所以说翻译不仅仅是语言的转换过程，同时也是文化的移植过程，文化的差异必定造成翻译的困难。王佐良先生曾经说过：“翻译的最大困难就是两 种文化的不同。”(1989)因此，解决好翻译中的文化差异问题是保证译作成功的关键。本文拟从词汇的指称意义和语用意义来看英汉文化的差异及差异在翻译中的补偿。 一、英汉词汇层上的跨文化差异 （一）指称意义上的文化差异 词的指称意义即语言交际中所表达出来的词语的最基本的意义，也就是词的确切和字面的意思。由于客观事物本身的差异和人们在对客观事物做出反映和概括时，始终都受到本民族文化的影响，这种反映或概括就在不同的语言上表现出差异。 1.原语中的指称对象在译语文化中不存在或不常见。 英语中的一些词汇，如hot dog,hippy,fairplay,等都是汉语文化中没有的词汇，而汉语中的“天干”、“地支”、“楷书”、“赤脚医生”等也无法在英语中找到对应的词。(刘川，段跃萍，1998) 2.原语文化在概念上加以明确区分的实体，译语文化不加区分；或反之。 一种语言用单个词语明确标记的东西，另一种语言却可能兜圈子才能表述。文化重点（cultural load）直接影响着语言词汇的多寡，特化程度和分化程度。 亲属称谓是语言反映文化的一个突出例证。例如，在英语中的brother是“兄”或“弟”，sister是“姐”或“妹”，汉语中没有一个字与brother或sister完全相等。在我们的文化中严格区别
翻译的英语单词
翻译的英语单词 翻译是在准确、通顺的基础上，把一种语言信息转变成另一种语言信息的行为。翻译是将一种相对陌生的表达方式，转换成相对熟悉的表达方式的过程。那么你知道翻译的英语单词是什么吗?下面来学习一下吧。 翻译英语单词1： translate 翻译英语单词2： interpreter 翻译的英语例句： 女孩们等待埃施先生作翻译。 The girls waited for Mr Esch to translate. 人们很难翻译幽默或笑话。 You really can 't translate humor or jokes. 逐字翻译不一定最接近原义。 A literal translation is not always the closest to the original meaning. 我认为她对这篇文章的翻译要比他强的多。 I think her translation of the article is much better than his. 你能把这句话翻译成英语吗?
Can you translate the sentence into English? 我不太满意他对这个句子的翻译。 I'm not satisfied with his interpretation of this sentence. 我正在逐字的翻译。 I am making a verbal translation. 我给你当翻译。 I'll act as interpreter for you. 要不要我来帮你翻译? Would you like me to interpret for you? 被翻译成英语的爱尔兰童话故事 Irish fairytales that had been translated into English 在你们的合同中已订定有可能要翻译这本书。 The possibility of the book being translated is provided for in your contract. 受控语言加机器翻译就是受控翻译。 Machine translation plus controlled language is called controlled translation. 这部书已经翻译成多种语言。 This book has been translated into several languages. 翻译诗歌在许多情况下都是困难的。 It's often difficult to translate poems.
英美文学选读复习要点中英文对照
e to order, reason and rules.启蒙者主张理性是任何人思想与行动的唯一缘由。他们大力提倡秩序，理性及法律。 5. As a matter of fact, literature at the time, heavily didactic and moralizi ng, became a very popular means of public education.其实，当时的文学作品种充满了说教与道德理念，就已经成为大众教育的良好工具。 6. Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great wr iters like John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, the two pioneers of familiar essays, Jonathan Swift, Daniel Defo e, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Henry Fielding and Samuel Johnson.英国著名的启蒙主义文学家有约翰.德莱顿，亚历山大.蒲柏，约瑟夫.艾迪森与理查.斯蒂尔（这两位是现代散文的先驱），乔纳森.斯威夫特，丹尼尔.迪福，理查.B.谢立丹，亨利.费尔丁和塞缪尔.约翰逊。 7. In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works.在文学领域，启蒙主义运动还使人们重新对古典时代的著作产生兴趣。 8. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.他们认为理想的艺术应基于秩序，逻辑，确切及情感控制的基础上，而文学作品的价值评判标准应该看它是否为人文主义服务。 9. Thus a polite, urbane, witty, and intellectual art developed.由此一种温文尔雅，充满灵性的知识分子文学艺术发展起来。 10. Neoclassicists had some fixed laws and rules for almost every genre of literature.在几乎所有的文学形式中，新古典主义者们都设定了创作的规矩与条框。 11. Drama should be written in the heroic Couplets (iambic pentameter r hymed in two lines); the three unities of time, space and action should b e strictly observed; regularity in construction should be adhered to, and t ype characters rather than individuals should be represented.戏剧必须用英雄体偶剧（抑扬五音步的押韵双行诗）写就；时间，地点，事件三要素必须要
英汉翻译词汇搭配
英汉翻译中的词汇搭配问题 Collocation in the Translation Between English and Chinese 代绍荣许芳 摘要：在英汉翻译中，词汇搭配问题不容忽视。本文试图通过一些实例说明词汇搭配的规律，并探讨解决词汇搭配问题的办法以及考虑这个问题的角度。 关键词：英汉翻译词汇搭配现象分析解决办法考虑角度 Abstract: Collocation is highly worth special attention in the translation work between English and Chinese. This article attempts to illustrate some general principles for collocation in translation , and proposes solutions to this problem and the seven angles from which to consider this problem. Key words: translation between English and Chinese collocation phenomenon analysis solution consideration angles 在翻译活动中，对原文的正确理解是做好翻译工作的基础，而对原文中词汇的恰当翻译是做好翻译工作的重点。在词汇翻译过程中，我们会不可避免地遇到词汇搭配问题。这个问题不解决好，翻译活动就没法进行下去，或者就不会译出好的作品来。本文拟就英汉翻译活动中经常遇到的各种词汇搭配问题作一分析，并提出解决的办法，以供参考。 一 在英汉两种语言当中，都有一些可以直接对译成目的语的词汇，包括简单的词、短语和习语等。它们的意义比较容易理解和把握，在目的语中有比较明显的对应词汇。这种直译不影响原文的意义和风格，是词汇翻译中最简单的一种，例如： He is a diligent student。 他是个勤奋的学生。 也因为如此，这类翻译中的词汇搭配问题比较容易解决，又例如： I bought a bunch of red roses for my girlfriend. 我买了一束红攻瑰送给女朋友。 这种搭配大多是因为下面的原因： （1）词汇本身意义不复杂，如diligent, bunch等。 （2）两个词汇经常搭配使用，形成惯用法。如：a lucky dog（幸运儿）, watch TV（看电视）, crude oil (原油) 等。 （3）涉及专用词汇，如in China 等 虽然这种情况下的翻译比较简单，但我们还是要注意弄清原文中每个词汇的含义，选择恰当的目的语词汇来翻译。 二 大多数情况下，词汇的翻译并不是那么容易的，需要我们动一番脑筋。词汇的搭配对所涉及的每个词汇的具体含义起相当大的限制作用。特别是有些词，本身含义比较广泛，词性也比较多，当它们和不同的词搭配时，具有不同的含义，这就需要我们熟读原文，弄清原文的准确含义、文体风格、表现手法，然后在目的语中捕捉最贴切的词汇来翻译。下面举一个例子： free competition 自由竞争free room 空房间 free medical care 公费医疗free goods 免税货物 free bloomer 开花多的植物free state 游离状态 free gait 从容和步伐free wind 顺风
(完整版)艺术专业中文词汇及其英文翻译
设计的分类（英语） 1 设计Design 2 现代设计Modern Design 3 工艺美术设计Craft Design 4 工业设计Industrial Design 5 广义工业设计Genealized Industrial Design 6 狭义工业设计Narrow Industrial Design 7 产品设计Product Design 8 传播设计Communication Design 8 环境设计Environmental Design 9 商业设计Comercial Design 10 建筑设计Architectural 11 一维设计One-dimension Design 12 二维设计Tow-dimension Design 13 三维设计Three-dimension Design 14 四维设计Four-dimension Design 15 装饰、装潢Decoration 16 家具设计Furniture Design 17 玩具设计Toy Design 18 室内设计Interior Design 19 服装设计Costume Design 20 包装设计Packaging Design 21 展示设计Display Design 22 城市规划Urban Desgin 23 生活环境Living Environment 24 都市景观Townscape 25 田园都市Gardon City 26 办公室风致Office Landscape 27 设计方法论Design Methodology 28 设计语言Design Language 29 设计条件Design Condition 30 结构设计Structure Design 31 形式设计Form Design 32 设计过程Design Process 33 构思设计Concept Design 34 量产设计，工艺设计Technological Design
hot名词英文翻译
微博Microblog 山寨copycat 异地恋long-distance relationshiph 剩女3S lady（single，seventies,stuck）/left girls 熟女cougar（源自电影Cougar Club） 裸婚naked wedding 炫富flaunt wealth 团购group buying 人肉搜索flesh search 潮人：trendsetter 发烧友：fancier 骨感美女：boney beauty 卡奴：card slave 下午茶high tea 愤青young cynic 性感妈妈yummy mummy 亚健康sub-health 灵魂伴侣soul mate 小白脸toy boy 精神出轨soul infidelity 人肉搜索flesh search 钻石王老五diamond bachelor 时尚达人fashion icon 御宅otaku 橙色预警orange signal warning 预约券reservation ticket 上相的,上镜头的photogenic 80后：80's generation 百搭：all-match 限时抢购：flash sale 合租：flat-share 荧光纹身：glow tattoo 泡泡袜：loose socks 裸妆：nude look 黄牛票：scalped ticket 扫货：shopping spree
烟熏妆：smokey-eye make-up 水货：smuggled goods 纳米技术：nanotechnology 正妹hotty 对某人念念不忘get the hots for 草莓族Strawberry generation 草根总统grassroots president 笨手笨脚have two left feet 拼车car-pooling 解除好友关系unfriend v. 暴走go ballistic 海外代购overseas purchasing 跳槽jump ship 闪婚flash marriage 闪电约会speeddating 闪电恋爱whirlwind romance 刻不容缓，紧要关头crunch time 乐活族LOHAS（Lifestyle Of Health And Sustainability） 一夜情one-night stand 偶像派idol type 脑残体leetspeak 挑食者picky-eater 伪球迷fake fans 狂热的gaga eg: I was gaga over his deep blue eyes when I first set eyes on him 防暑降温补贴high temperature subsidy 奉子成婚shotgun marriage 婚前性行为premarital sex 开博to open a blog 房奴车奴mortgage slave 上课开小差zone out 万事通know-it-all 赌球soccer gambling 桑拿天sauna weather 假发票fake invoice 二房东middleman landlord
标书中英文翻译样本及常用词汇
标书中英文翻译样本及常用词汇 1. 投标书Tender 1.1 投标人应完整地填写招标文件中提供的商务投标书、技术投标书、投标一览表和投标报价表(包括投标报价汇总表和分项报价表)。价格表（表中项目除价格数字外都要填写）及报价说明三份（一正二副）和投标人银行保函应分别单独密封，随投标文件一同递交。 Among the tender documents, tenderers shall fill out completely the Business Tender, Technical Tender, Tender List and Tender Quotation. The Quotation (all items in the Quotation shall be filled out except for the prices) and three copies (one Original and two Duplicates) of the Instructions to Quotations as well as the letter of guarantee from the bank of tenderers must be sealed separately, and be submitted together with the tender documents. 1.2 在投标文件澄清后提交的附件6价格表部分正、副本应用信封单独密封，封面上注明项目名称、招标编号、投标人名址、“正本”“副本”字样及“分项价格”和“保密”字样。同时提供单独密封的价格表电子版本一份（WORD格式）。The Attachment 6 to be submitted after the tender documents have been clarified the Original and Duplicate copies of the Quotation must be sealed separately in different envelops, on which the item names, tender codes, tenderer addresses, words of ‘Original’, ‘Duplicate’ and ‘Item Price’ and ‘Confidential’ must be written. An e-version of the Quotation (in WORD format) that is separately sealed must be furnished at the same time. 2. 投标报价Tender Offers 2.1 投标人应在投标报价汇总表和投标分项报价表上标明本合同拟提供货物的单价(如适用)和总价。 On the tender offer summary sheet and the item tender offer sheets, tenderers shall indicate clearly the unit price (if applicable) and the total price of the goods planned to be provided according to the Contract. 2.2 投标分项报价表上的价格应按下列方式分开填写： Prices on the item tender offer sheet shall be filled out in the following manner: 2.2.1从中华人民共和国提供的货物：Goods provided from the People’s Republic of China:
考研英语翻译必背词汇(英汉对照版)
这是08年整理的，最近增加了09到14年部分。所以可能大家会发现09年到14年单词很少，原因是大部分单词都在早期08年到94年的单词里出现过。这一点也足以说明真题单词的重复率很大。大家务必背诵，确保记得。一进考场，你就会看到很多熟悉的单词。 最新补充 as作为、随着、当、因为、象; with和、用、装有、具有; in在...中、以...方式; A of B一般翻译为B的A(注意数量词a piece of paper一张纸，不能翻译为“纸的张”); 注意and并列关系，弄清谁与谁并列。 14年 46) articulate 清晰的表达， 47) by all accounts根据、根据报道;by one’s own account根据某人自己所说，let alone更别提， 48) intensity紧张，abruptly突然地，sudden突然，soft柔和的，passage 段落，rarely很少、几乎不，composer作曲家，compose作曲、编写, 49) associate联系， 50) suffer遭受, inevitable不可避免, render转换、使变成; 13年 46) strike打、震撼，for all尽管，style风格，urge需求、督促、鼓励，decoration装饰，
47) sacred神圣的，crude原始、粗糙，as opposed to与相反，shelter 避难所， 48) in effect实际上，urban城市，discernible容易看出的，discern看出、识别， 49) blame批评， 50) implicit隐含的，explicit明确的，reference谈到、提及、参考，synthetic 人造的; 12年 46) impulse冲动，unification统一、一致，generative生产的、生成的，generate产生， 47) constrain力劝、强迫、限制，constraint限制， 48) filter过滤, cognitive认知的， 49) empirical实证的、根据经验得到的, bias偏见， 50) track跟踪; 11年 46) erroneous错误的，error错误， 47) sustain支持、维持，illusion幻觉，conscious有意识的， 48) justification合理，借口，justify证明是公正的，rationalization合理，exploitation剥削、开发, bottom底， 49) circumstance环境， 50) upside积极的、正面的，contain包含，be up to取决于，array展示、陈列、一系列;
各种数学名词的英语翻译
各种数学名词的英语翻译 数学mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE) 公理axiom 定理theorem 计算calculation 运算operation 证明prove 假设hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.) 命题proposition 算术arithmetic 加plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.) 被加数augend, summand 加数addend 和sum 减minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.) 被减数minuend 减数subtrahend 差remainder 乘times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.) 被乘数multiplicand, faciend 乘数multiplicator 积product 除divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.) 被除数dividend 除数divisor 商quotient 等于equals, is equal to, is equivalent to 大于is greater than 小于is lesser than 大于等于is equal or greater than 小于等于is equal or lesser than 运算符operator 平均数mean 算术平均数arithmatic mean 几何平均数geometric mean n个数之积的n次方根倒数（reciprocal）x的倒数为1/x 有理数rational number 无理数irrational number
自考英美文学选读课文翻译 莎士比亚
威廉-莎士比亚 威廉-莎士比亚（1564-1616）是世界有史以来最著名的作剧家和诗人之一。凭着38部作品，154首十四行诗和2首长诗，他建立了他在世界文学史中的赫赫威名。他也被全世界各式各样的学者和评论家给予了最高的赞誉。在过去4百年间，关于莎士比亚的书籍和文章还不断大量出版。 莎士比亚可能出生于1564年4月23日埃文河畔斯特拉特福城的一户商人家庭。他的父亲的职业被传为是卖手套的、羊毛商人、农夫或者是屠夫，是一个镇上有点地位的人，并多次当选为镇委员会的成员。莎士比亚在哪个美丽的贸易小镇度过了他的童年并上了斯特拉特福语文小学。他真正的老师是大自然和周围的百姓。1587年，莎士比亚娶了大他几岁的安妮-哈撒韦为妻。妻子为他生了3个孩子，苏珊娜和双胞胎朱迪斯和哈姆尼特。也许由于要养活不断壮大的家庭，莎士比亚在1586或1587年离开斯特拉特福去了伦敦。 莎士比亚去了伦敦一处为戏剧发展提供了优越环境的地方。他既当演员又做作剧家，为张伯伦家族做事，张伯伦家族后来又成为了王族。莎士比亚的事业发展得如此的好以致被誉为‘大学才子’之一的罗伯特-格林气极败坏地地称呼他是只‘向上扑腾的乌鸦’。 大约从1591到1611年间，莎士比亚到达了他戏剧生涯的顶峰，他的作品一部又一部地不断问世。莎士比亚没有把他的天赋局限于戏院里，在1593和1954年，他发表了2篇叙事诗，《维纳斯与阿多尼斯》和《路易斯受辱记》，都是写给南安普顿伯爵的。1609年他也写了短诗并出版了。到1597年时莎士比亚已经很有钱了，他在斯特拉特福买套大宅子作为新居。大约于1610年莎士比亚从伦敦退隐回了斯特拉特福，即便如此他还是坚持写作了一段时间。他卒于1616年4月23日。 由于对莎士比亚的许多作品的创作准确时间仍然存有争议，评论家们对把莎士比亚戏生涯的戏剧作品划分阶段方面存有不同的观点。但总体来说他的戏剧生涯可以分为4个时期。 莎士比亚戏剧创作生涯的第一个阶段是创作早期。他写了5部历史剧：《亨利六世》的第一、二、三部，和《泰特斯·安特洛尼克斯》；4部戏剧：《错误的戏剧》，《维罗纳的2位绅士》，《驯悍记》和《爱的徒劳》。 第二个阶段，莎士比亚的创作风格和方式变得极具个性。在不同的人物之间、现象和现实之间，莎士比亚构造了复杂的典范，他对人类各种缺点进行了精妙的诠释。在这个时期他写了5部历史剧：《理查二世》，《约翰国王》，《亨利四世》第一、二部和《亨利五世》;6部戏剧：《仲夏夜之梦》，《威尼斯的商人》，《无事生非》，《皆大欢喜》，《第12夜》和《温莎的风流妇人》；2部悲剧：《罗密欧和朱丽叶》和《裘里斯凯撒》 莎士比亚的第三时期作品包括他最杰出的悲剧和所谓的黑色喜剧。这个时期的悲剧有：《哈姆雷特》，《奥赛罗》，《李尔王》，《麦克白》，《安东尼与克利奥帕特拉》，《特洛伊罗斯与克雷西达》和《科里奥兰纳斯》。2部喜剧是：《终成眷属》和《争锋相对》。 莎士比亚最后时期的作品包括他主要的烂漫悲喜剧：《伯利克里》，《辛白林》，《冬天的故事》和《暴风雨》；和他最后两部作品：《亨利八世》和《两个贵亲戚》。 莎士比亚真正的跟戏剧五官的是个主要是两首叙述长诗：《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》和《路易斯受辱记》，和他的154首系列短诗。莎士比亚的十四行诗都单是
英语单词翻译
1.point and click (鼠标）点击 2.integrated circuit 集成电路 3.online transactions 网上交易 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/506864663.html,puter monitor 电脑显示器 5. projector 投影仪 6. screen saver 电脑保护系统 7. virtual currency 虚拟货币 8. computerized system 计算机系统 9. internet distance learning 网络远程教育 10. anti-virus programs 杀毒软件 11. bar code 条形码 12. cordless telephone 无线电话 13. cyberspace 网络空间 14. desktop 桌面，台式机 15. digital television 数字电视 16. video camera 摄像机 17. electronic hearing aid 电子助听器 18. fiber optic technology 光纤技术 19. firewall 防火墙 20. genetic engineering 基因工程 21. hacker 黑客 22. intelligent system 智能系统 23. it-industry 信息产业 24. minicomputer 小型计算机 25. multimedia learning system 多媒体学习系统 26. palmtop 掌上电脑 27. password 密码，口令 28. software package 软件包 29. solar collector 太阳能集热器 30. terminal 终端 文化教育词汇 1. educational background 教育背景 2. educational history 学历 3. curriculum 课程 4. major 主修 5. minor 未成年的；次要的；较小的未成年人副修 6. educational highlights 课程重点部分 7. specialized courses 专业课 8. social practice 社会实践 9. part-time jobs 兼职 10. extracurricular activities 课外活动 11. recreational activities 娱乐活动 12. academic activities 学术活动
英美文学选读名篇中英对照 赏析 简介
Because I could not stop for Death, He kindly stopped for me; The carriage held but just ourselves And Immortality. We slowly drove, he knew no haste, And I had put away My labor, and my leisure too, For his civility. We passed the school, where children strove At recess, in the ring; We passed the fields of gazing grain, We passed the setting sun. Or rather, he passed us; The dews grew quivering and chill, For only gossamer my gown, My tippet only tulle. We paused before a house that seemed A swelling of the ground; The roof was scarcely visible, The cornice but a mound. Since then 'tis centuries, and yet each Feels shorter than the day I first surmised the horses' heads Were toward eternity. 我无暇去会死亡 爱米莉·伊丽莎白·狄更生 我无暇去会死亡， 死神便和善地接我前往，我只好放下劳作与闲暇，无法拒绝他的殷勤礼让。 我们一起坐上马车， 还有永生陪伴身旁， 我们驱车缓缓前行， 他悠然自得不慌不忙。 我们经过校园， 娱乐的孩子挤满操场， 我们经过田野，麦穗张望，我们经过西沉的太阳。 或许该是夕阳经过我们吧，露珠抖动，略显苍凉， 只为我的面纱、斗篷， 还有我薄丝织就的衣裳。 我们经过一个隆起的土堆，那似乎是一座住房， 屋顶几乎无法看见， 屋架也在地下埋藏。 感觉比一天还要短暂， 虽然自此千万年岁月漫长，我初次产生这种猜测： 永恒正是马头所向。
英汉翻译词组
英语翻译重点词汇 fellow countrymen 同胞 militarist军阀 Chinese Communist Party 党组织 the Grand Canal （京杭）大运河Industrial Revolution 工业革命dawn to dark从早到晚 especially English 具有英国特征的cottage industry 农村手工业 Indian summer 最后的余辉 stock-raising 畜牧业 Homestead Act 宅地法 wild west 西部荒原 the gold rush 淘金热 basic occupation 基础产业Department of Agriculture 农业部门the Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲coastal erosion 水土流失Mediterranean climate 地中海型气候surveyor general 测量总监sovereign nation 主权国家aggregate output 总产量 coastal area 沿海地区 telephone connections 电话用户economic well-being 生活水平 two way trade 双向贸易 lucrative export market 出口市场foreign exchange 外汇 sum total 总数
per capita 人均 GNP 国民生产总值 joint ventures 合资企业 net income 净收入 world investment system世界投资体系 the stock of foreign investment 外资存量 英语翻译重点词汇（２） major economy 经济大国 the stimulus, the technology and the funding 动力、技术和资金international trade and investment 国际贸易和投资 popular science 科普读物Arctic seas 北冰洋 vegetable oil 植物油 mineral oil煤油 internal combustion engine内燃机 warfare on land and sea 陆战和海战 minute sea creatures and plants 微小的海洋动植物 crude oil 原油 sedimentary rocks 沉积岩 pitch lake 沥青湖 superhighway 高速公路 living organism 生物体 applied entomology 应用昆虫学 environmental Law环保法 wildlife 野生生物 freedom from noise pollution 无噪声污染 Act 法 amendment 修正案 bill 议案