英语语法：复合句一

复合句（一）

分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。复合句一直是四级考试的测试重点，重要考查复合句中关联词的使用。

一．名词性从句：包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，相当于名词。

I．主语从句：

1．that引导，常用it作形式主语。eg.

That he survived the accident is a miracle. (It is a miracle that he survived the accident.)

四种句式：1）It is + n. + that… eg. It’s a great pity that you can’t help us.

2) It is + adj. +that… eg. It is surprising that she is (should be) so angry.

3) It is +过去分词+ that…eg. It is reported that the number of wild animals in Africa is decreasing.

但：这种句式中必须使用it作形式主语，主语从句不能提前。

4) It + 不及物动词 + that… eg. It occurred to me that I would travel to Europe.

2．Wh-（疑问词）引导：what, -ever引导的从句一般不能用it作形式主语，其他的可以。 eg.

How he escaped still puzzles us. (+It still puzzles us how he escaped.)

Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear. (=It is yet clear who was responsible …)

Whether (不能用if) he comes or not does not concern me. (=It doesn’t concern me whether …)

但：What is most important in life isn’t money. Whoever wants to see the film may get a ticket free.

Has it been decided where we will perform the experiment? (主语从句是疑问句时必须用形式主语)

It doesn’t matter to me whether she is pleased or not. （It doesn’t matter 句式中必须用形式主语）

II．宾语从句：

1．that引导。 eg. They promised (us) that they would respect our privacy.但：I move that a special committee (should) be formed for this matter. (谓语表主观愿望，从句用虚拟语气)

I heard it said that the meeting would be postponed. （宾语后带补语，一般用it作形式宾语）

She took it for granted that you knew the matter. (固定搭配中使用形式宾语)

注：doubt, doubtful引导从句时，如果主句为肯定句，连接词用whether/ if；否定或疑问，则用that连接。

I don’t doubt that he will pass the examination. I am doubtful whether I should tell the story to her.

2．wh-引导：从句看似疑问，但不用倒装语序，且连接词在从句主语之前；从句可用在介词后。eg.

Scientists demand to know when and where they are wrong. I became aware of how he might feel.

I will tell you why I was late for the meeting. Do you know whether/ if any decision had been arrived at?

但：It is a question of whether we should go. (介词后只能用whether, 不能用if)

3．介词引导：in, except, save, besides, but接that构成固定搭配；介词接形式宾语it后可带一般从句。eg.

I like this city in that (=because) I have many friends here. He would have

helped us but that he was short of money at the time. You may depend upon it that he will join our club.

4．形容词（作表语）带从句。 eg. He was afraid that he would lose face. III．表语从句：必须使用在连系动词后，可用that或wh-（不表疑问，而是表示地点、时间、原因、方式等）。 eg. What I particularly dislike about this lesson is that it is really boring.

This is where the great man once lived. She is no longer what she was five years ago.

as if, as though, because, just as 也可引导表语从句 eg. It looks as if we will be late.

It may be because I didn’t have a good sleep yesterday evening.

注意：The reason why he was dismissed was that (不能用because) he was careless and irresponsible.

His first question was whether (不能用if) Tom had arrived yet.

IV．同位语从句：对名词做进一步解释，具体说明名词的实际内容。1．that引导，作fact, idea, hope, conclusion, evidence, opinion, problem, understanding等的同位语。eg.

He had to face the fact that he was laid off his job. An idea occurred to him that he might go there by air.

2．wh-引导。eg. The question why should do the work requires consideration.

They are faced with the problem whether (不能用if) they should continue

the work.

1. The mere fact _______ most people believe nuclear war would be madness

does not mean that it will not occur. (1997.6)

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. why

2. When I try to understand _______ that prevents so many Americans from

being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes. (1998.1)

A. why it does

B. what it does

C. what it is

D. why it is

3. Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders ______ will happen

to her private life. (2000.1)

A. that

B. what

C. it

D. this

4. There are signs ______ restaurants are becoming more popular with

families. (2000.6)

A. that

B. which

C. in which

D. whose

5. The basic features of the communication process are identified in one

question: Who says ______ through what channel to whom? (2001.1)

A. what

B. when

C. how

D. such

6. No one had told Smith about _______ a lecture the following day. (2001.1)

A. there be

B. there would be

C. there was

D. there being

7. These people once had fame and fortune; _______ is left to them is utter

poverty. (2002.6)

A. all that

B. all which

C. all what

D. that all

8. The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of

doing things, _____ is often the case in other countries.

A. as

B. what

C. so

D. that

9. The pen is to writing _______ the gun is to fight.

A. what

B. where

C. when

D. why

10. He knew nothing about her journey ______ she was likely to be away

for two weeks.

A. except for

B. except that

C. except

D. except

this that

11. They lost their way in the forest, and ______ made matters worse was

that night began to fall.

A. that

B. it

C. what

D. which

12. I’ll give the dictionary to _______ wants to have it.

A. whomever

B. someone

C. whoever

D. anyone

13. Although ___ happened in this developed country sounds like a

miracle, it may occur in some other places.

A. it

B. which

C. how

D. what

14. The reason why coal is still a very valuable source of power is _____

atomic power is not available in sufficient quantity.

A. because

B. that

C. as

D. for

15. ________ one can succeed depends on _______ how he works.

A. That…how

B. That…however

C. Whether…how

D.

Whether…however

16. _____ college students should learn more about Chinese history.

A. I consider important that

B. I consider it important

C. I consider it important that

D. I consider what is important

17. She told him she would come and see him often, _________.

A. and she would never forget him

B. and that she would never

forget him

C. she would never forget him

D. and she never forgets him

18. The question is ________ to land men there.

A. if it was safe

B. if was it safe

C. whether it was safe

D.

whether was it safe

19. The true value of life is not in ________, but ________.

A. which we get, what give we

B. what we get, what we give

C. which do we get, which do we give

D. what do we get, what do we

give

高中英语语法最重要知识汇总

按：本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分，保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 - b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… . (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： （1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ( 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： ； 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：

人教版初中英语初中英语语法之一名词(通用版)

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中考英语语法专题训练—复合句含答案与解析

专题训练十一 复合句 1. --- Could you tell me _____ for the fruit? ---By paying over the Internet. A. how much will I pay B. how much I will pay C. how will I pay D. how I will pay 2. I don't know ______ during the summer vacation. Do you have any advice? --- How about visiting Beijing International Horticultural Expo （ 北京世界园艺博览会 ）? A. what should I do B. when should I go C. what I should do D. when I should go 3. Would you please tell me ______ ? --- It's Mr. Black's. 7. --- I wonder ______ Jane gets on so well with her classmates. --- Because she always cares much about others. A. when the robot was bought C. why the robot was made 4. Rose is wondering _______ . A. what is Matt doing C. when will Aaron leave 5. --- Dear friends, do you still rem ---To realize our dreams! A. why you came here C. how you came here B. who the robot belongs to D. which city the robot was taken to B. where has Jason gone D. who did the washing _______ three years ago? B. why did you come here D. how did you come here 6. ---I wonder _______ --- Someone who can make me a better person. A. when you often meet your friends C. who you want to make friends with B. how you make your friends happy D. where you spend weekends with friends

高中英语语法倒装句讲解及练习(附答案)

高中英语倒装句 倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装 1全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：1）here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。例如：Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。Here is your letter. 你的信。 2). up，down，out，away，in , off, ahead放于句首Up jumped the cat and caught the mouse. Ahead sat an old woman. 3）表示地点，时间，方向等的介词短语放在句首时例如：After the head walked a group of workers. 4.“作表语的现在分词/过去分词/形容词+系动词+主语”形式的完全倒装 Seated in the front were the guests. 注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如： Here he comes. 他来了。Away they went. 他们走开了。 2部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, rarely, scarely, in no way, under no circumstance, at no time决不, not until…等。例如： Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。 当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意：如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如： The mother didn\'t leave the room until the child fell asleep. 典型例题 1）---Why can\'t I smoke here? ----At no time___ in the meeting-room A. is smoking permitted B.smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D.does smoking permit 2）Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is. A. man did know B. man know C. didn\'t man know D. did man know 2.Not only…but also前面倒装，后面不倒装 Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。 3．Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner…than等，要倒装。 Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 典型例题No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily. A. the game began B.has the game begun C. did the game begin D.had the game begun 4so, neither, nor作部分倒装 so/neither/nor+be/can(should/will/could…..)/do(did/does)+sb表示\"也\"、\"也不\" 的句子要部分倒装。例如： 典型例题---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? ---I don\'t know, _____. A. nor don\'t I care B. nor do I care C. I don\'t care neither D. I don\'t care also 注意：当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为\"的确如此\"。例如： Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. ---It\'s raining hard.---So it is. 5 only在句首后接状语用总分倒装。例如： Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。例如： Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。 注意：如果only后的词组不是状语，不需倒装。

初中英语语法大全——名词

初中英语语法大全——名词 一、名词概述 1.名词的定义 名词是表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名称的词。英语中的名词有可数名词和不可数名词之分；有其所有格形式；在句子中通常做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语等。 2.名词的分类 名词分为专有名词和普通名词两类。普通名词又分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。个体名词与集体名词多数是可数名词，而物质名词与抽象名词多数是不可数名词。

二、名词的数 名词按照其可数性可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是指可以直接计算数目的名词。个体名词和集体名词多数是可数名词；不可数名词是指无法直接用数目计算的词。物质名词和抽象名词多数是不可数名词。 1.可数名词的数 在英语中，可以直接用数字进行计算的名词是可数名词，不能直接用数字进行计算的名词是不可数名词。通常个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，视为可数名词;物质名词和抽象名词往往指泛指的物质或者抽象的概念，不能用具体的数字来表示，视为不可数名词。专有名词往往只指一个人或物，因此没有必要再用具体的数字来修饰，一般也视为不可数名词。

eg: I was having dinner at a restaurant. eg: The two children are playing table tennis in the school. eg: Mr.Black gave us some advice on how to learn English well. eg: Paris is the capital of France. ①规则复数变化形式 可数名词在表示两个或两个以上的概念时需要用复数形式。可数名词单数形式变成复数形式的一般规则如下表:

初中英语复合句

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