雅思阅读真题回忆
2015年5月16日雅思阅读真题回忆
P1 仿生学Passage One?
New?
题材：生物类
题目：Bionics?
题型：Matching5＋T/F/G 4＋选择4?
内容回忆：
第一段通过fish引出仿生学，发明一种车，效率高，3levels，工业相关，Economy，启示?
答案回忆：
选项:
3 levels
1.名车1
2. recycled gas 3
2
4. cosmetics 2
5. Removing salt 去盐碱化判断
6. 数值30% 仿生学提高效率T?
7. 发明的车卖的最好的NG
8. 一个项目每个大洲都有NG?
9. 有个公司发明painting F?
P2 防洪
原文录入如下：
Can we Hold Back the Flood?
欧洲从中世纪以来，史上最严重洪水传统方法A：挖渠，但是洪水依然汹涌
A LAST winter's floods on the rivers of central Europe were among the worst since the Middle Ages, and as winter storms return, the spectre of floods is returning too. Just weeks ago, the river Rh?ne in south-east France burst its banks, driving 15,000 people from their homes, and worse could be on the way. Traditionally, river engineers have gone for Plan A: get rid of the water fast, draining it off the land and down to the sea in tall-sided rivers re-engineered as high-performance drains. But however big they dig city drains, however wide and straight they make the rivers, and however high they build the banks, the floods keep coming back to taunt them, from the Mississippi to the Danube. And when the floods come, they seem to be worse than wonder engineers are
turning to Plan B: sap the water's destructive strength by dispersing it into fields, forgotten lakes, flood plains and aquifers.
多绕道的河道对现在的洪水也没有效果。提到莱茵河
B Back in the days when rivers took a more tortuous path to the sea, flood waters lost impetus and volume while meandering across flood plains and idling through wetlands and inland deltas. But today the water tends to have an unimpeded journey to the sea. And this means that when it rains in the uplands, the water comes down all at once. Worse, whenever we close off more flood plain, the river's flow farther downstream becomes more violent and uncontrollable. Dykes are only as good as their weakest link - and the water will unerringly find it. By trying to turn the complex hydrology of rivers into the simple mechanics of a water pipe, engineers have often created danger where they promised safety, and intensified the floods they meant to the Rhine, Europe most engineered river. For two centuries,German engineers have erased its backwaters and cut it off from its flood plain.?
莱茵河长度减少，水流加快，危害很大，密西西比河也一样，flood plain 不停地重复
C Today, the river has lost 7 per cent of its original length and runs up to a third faster. When it rains hard in the Alps, the peak flows from several tributaries coincide in the main river, where once they arrived separately. And with
four-fifths of the lower Rhine's flood plain barricaded off, the waters rise ever higher. The result is more frequent flooding that does ever-greater damage to the homes, offices and roads that sit on the flood plain. Much the same has happened in the US on the mighty Mississippi, which drains the world's second largest river catchment into the Gulf of Mexico.
欧盟研究下雨天气预报来缓解，但仍然。
D The European Union is trying to improve rain forecasts and more accurately model how intense rains swell rivers. That may help cities prepare, but it won't stop the floods. To do that, say hydrologists, you need a new approach to engineering not just rivers, but the whole landscape. The UK's Environment Agency - which has been granted an extra ￡150 million a year to spend in the wake of floods in 2000 that cost the country ￡1 billion - puts it like this: "The focus is now on working with the forces of nature. Towering concrete walls are out, and new wetlands are in."To help keep London's feet dry, the agency is breaking the Thames's banks upstream and reflooding 10 square kilometres of
ancient flood plain at Otmoor outside Oxford. Nearer to London it has spent ￡100 million creating new wetlands and a relief channel across 16 kilometres of flood plain to protect the town of Maidenhead, as well as the ancient playing fields of Eton College. And near the south coast the agency is digging out channels to reconnect old meanders on the river Cuckmere in East Sussex that were cut off by flood banks 150 years ago.
The same is taking place on a much grander scale in Austria, in one of Europe's largest river restorations to date. Engineers are regenerating flood plains along 60 kilometres of the river Drava as it exits the Alps. They are also widening the river bed and channelling it back into abandoned meanders, oxbow lakes and backwaters overhung with willows. The engineers calculate that the restored flood plaincan now store up to 10 million cubic metres of flood waters and slow storm surges coming out of the Alps by more than an hour, protecting towns as far downstream as Slovenia and Croatia.
荷兰的一个专家说，洪水需要更大的空间，缓解。"soft engineers" 需要城市成为渗水性，柏林是个优秀的例子。
F "Rivers have to be allowed to take more space. They have to be turned from flood-chutes into flood-foilers," says Nienhuis. And the Dutch, for whom preventing floods is a matter of survival, have gone furthest. A nation built largely on drained marshes and seabed had the fright of its life in 1993 when the Rhine almost overwhelmed it. The same happened again in 1995, when a quarter of a million people were evacuated from the Netherlands. But a new breed of "soft engineers" wants our cities to become porous, and Berlin is their shining example. Since reunification, the city's massive redevelopment has been governed by tough new rules to prevent its drains becoming overloaded after heavy rains. Harald Kraft, an architect working in the city, says: "We now see rainwater as a resource to be kept rather than got rid of at great cost."A good illustration is the giant Potsdamer Platz, a huge new commercial redevelopment by Daimler Chrysler in the heart of the city.?
LA每年花巨资，来对付突然的雨水。。。
G Los Angeles has spent billions of dollars digging huge drains and concreting river beds to carry away the water from occasional intense storms. The latest plan is to spend a cool $280 million raising the concrete walls on the Los Angeles river by another 2 metres. Yet many communities still flood this desert city is shipping in water from hundreds of kilometres away in northern California and from the Colorado river in Arizona to fill its taps and swimming pools, and irrigate its green spaces. It all sounds like bad planning. "In LA we
receive half the water we need in rainfall, and we throw it away. Then we spend hundreds of millions to import water," says Andy Lipkis, an LA environmentalist wh
Lipkis和市民，以及政府都投巨资来支持LA的渗水计划。
H Lipkis, along with citizens groups like Friends of the Los Angeles River and Unpaved LA, want to beat the urban flood hazard and fill the taps by holding onto the city's flood water. And it's not just a pipe dream. The authorities this year launched a $100 million scheme to road-test the porous city in one flood-hit community in Sun Valley. The plan is to catch the rain that falls on thousands of driveways, parking lots and rooftops in the valley. Trees will soak up water from parking lots. Homes and public buildings will capture roof water to irrigate gardens and parks. And road drains will empty into old gravel pits and other leaky places that should recharge the city's underground water reserves. Result: less flooding and more water for the B says every city should be porous, every river should have room to flood naturally and every coastline should be left to build its own defences. It sounds expensive and utopian, until you realise how much we spend trying to drain cities and protect our watery margins - and how bad we are at it.
Passage two?
New?
题材：自然环境类?
题目：治理洪水
题型：Matching 6＋判断4＋填空3?
内容回忆：
最近洪水袭击欧洲?
最近有些办法治理?
依然没有解决问题
新的解决方法在3 个国家使用?
荷兰使用特殊方法,入海口冲刷湿地?
深水让市民利用
洛杉矶的一个项目?
答案回忆：
14. 过去有一些方法可以治理洪水
15. 2 reasons for isolated from a flooding plain iii?
16. the method has been used in three countries iv?
17.一个国家荷兰牺牲标志v
18. 作者对比率新旧方法的花费vii 多选
19. canal directed to the sea
20. Lots of areas and lands
填空4
21. Europe attacked by flood recently
22. 跟另一条河Mississippi, two rivers are similar?
23. 有个城市使用了项目名字soft engineer
24. 小规模用大规模规划Los Angeles
P3 儿童认知
Passage three
New?
题材：教育类
题目：what do baby think?
题型：判断6＋句子匹配4＋选择4?
内容回忆：
引出实验
观察在母亲不在时儿童的表现
父母，科学家普遍看法?
小孩对一实验小火车穿进洞里颜色的改变的反应及表现? Gj 认为孩子没有认知
Ss 同意GJ的观点
有个学者的实验?
答案回忆：
31.小孩对火车实验的反应不惊讶T
32. 家长高估孩子反应NG
33. 一百个实验对象证明以前理论对T
34. 小火车实验对于科学家太简单不可信F
35. 父母拒绝实验NG?
36. 这两人观点相似T Matching
37. 科学家说小孩学speech?
38. 孩子什么时候会
39. 火车实验说明了。?
40. 段落大意作者的目的
(答案仅供参考,顺序可能有误)
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