四级翻译的答题技巧有哪些

四级翻译的答题技巧有哪些

1、分句法

汉译英时，需要分译的句子多数是长句，或者是结构复杂的复句。这种句子如果译成一个长句，就会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚，也不符合英文习惯。如果采用分译，则会使译文简洁、易懂、层次分明。

2、合句法

把汉语内容关系密切的两个句子甚至更多句子合译为英语的一句就是合句译法。翻译时，既可以合译为一个主从句，也可合译为成分较为复杂(如包含非谓语动词等)的简单句。其优点在于不仅用词不多，而且句子显得流畅。

3、转句译法

汉语复句英译时，可以按照汉语复句原有的句内关系进行翻译。但如果按汉语顺序翻译，出现诸如不符合英语行文习惯、句内成分关系不明确等情况，则可以修改全句句型，使译文更加通畅。这就是转句译法。

4、换序译法

指在翻译过程中对语序进行的转换调整。语序是指句子成分的排列次序。汉语是分析型的语言，语序比较固定；而英语则是分析、综合参半的语言，语序既有固定的一面，又有灵活的一面。英语和汉语在基本语序上大同小异。相同的是主语、谓语和宾语的位置，不同的是状语和定语的位置。所以，在汉译英时，必须考虑到英语读者的思维习惯，适当地将译文的语序进行转换调整。

5、补全译法

对于中文句子中不明显、被省略或未说明的主语，译者根据实际情况在译文中将主语成分补全，这就是补全译法。需要注意的是补充的成分尽管在原句中是主语，但在译文中不一定都以主语形式出现。

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arrogance and rudeness. 原文：你们要八仙过海，各显其能，完成这项工作。 译文：You should display your special prowess like eight immortals ( in Chinese legend) crossing the sea, to fulfill this task. 必须意译 例 原文：怕什么呢死了张屠夫，还有李屠夫，人多得很。 直译：If Butcher Zhang dies, there’s Butcher Li yet. 译文：What are you afraid of He is not the only pebble on the beach. 意译效果比直译好 例 原文：她怕碰一鼻子灰，话到了嘴边，又把它吞了下去。 译文：She was afraid of being turned down / snubbed, so she swallowed the words that came up to her lips. 词义的选择 汉译英的过程就是寻找适当的英语词、词组和句型来重新表达汉语原文的思想的过程。正确的选词是保证译文质量的重要前提。词的选择主要从以下两个方面着手。 一、根据上下文正确理解原文的词义 词的正确选择首先取决于对原文词义的确切理解，而这又取决于对原文上下文的推敲。在具体运用中，词义往往随着语言情境而千变万化，因此，我们必须熟悉词在运用中的灵活变化，才有可能选择出等值词或近值词。 英语词汇在翻译成汉语时也需要根据具体的语言环境选择适当的词义，因为汉语也有丰富的同义表达法。 二、辨析词义和正确选词 （一）注意词的广义和狭义 词义有广狭之分，运用范围也就各不相同。

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历年英语四级翻译真题 及答案 集团标准化办公室：[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]

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