高考英语语法填空--1冠词

第一集语法填空核心考点考点突破

——冠词——与名词共生共存

【考向聚焦】

冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，常放在名词前面帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分为不定冠词a，an和定冠词the两种。纵观近三年高考题可知，冠词一直是必考内容。其考查的重点主要有：冠词的基本用法；在固定结构中和具体语境中的用法；冠词的特殊用法；冠词在句子中的位置。对应学生用书P1 用适当的冠词填空

1．(2013?福建，21)

The “Chinese Dream” is ________ dream to improve people's wellbeing and ________ dream of harmony，peace and development.

解析考查冠词。根据句意，中国梦是一个……的梦和一个……的梦，可知，两空都用不定冠词a。

答案a；a

2．(2013?江西，32)Animals are obviously ________ lower form of life than ________ man.

解析考查冠词。第一空表示“一种生命的形式”；第二空man表“人类”，不用冠词。

答案a；不填

3．(2013?山东，22)It was________cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across________night sky.

解析考查冠词用法。第一空“一个寒冷的冬夜”，应用不定冠词a；第二空“夜空”，指独一无二的事物用定冠词the。

答案a；the

4．(2013?江西，19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________ thirteenth century.

解析考查冠词。第一空指独一无二的事物用the；第二空为固定短语，表示在多少世纪“in the－th century”，需加定冠词。

答案the；the

5．(2013?浙江，15)People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning.

解析考查冠词。短语a preference for...意为“对……的偏好”；at an early age意为“在年纪很小时”，故均填不定冠词。

答案a；an

6．(2013?重庆，32)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee.

解析考查冠词。第一空news后带有that引导的同位语从句，故应该特指；第二空译为“他们的儿子需要做一个手术”，使用不定冠词。

答案the；an

7．(2012?新课标全国)Sarah looked at ________ finished painting with ________ satisfaction.

解析考查冠词的用法。句意：Sarah满意地看着那幅完工的油画。根据painting 前的修饰成分finished可知是特指那幅画；后一个空格后的satisfaction是抽象名

词并且表示泛指，不用冠词。

答案the；不填

8．(2012?安徽)Carl is studying ________ food science at college and hopes to open up ________ meat processing factory of his own one day.

解析考查冠词。句意：卡尔正在大学学习食品科学，他希望有一天能够开办一家自己的肉类加工厂。第一空，food science意为“食品科学”，为表示抽象概念的名词，其前不应用冠词。第二空，中心词为factory，为可数名词，根据句意可知此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词a。

答案不填；a

9．(2011?山东)Take your time—it's just ________ short distance from here to ________ restaurant.

解析考查冠词。句意：不用急，从这里到饭店只有一小段距离。a short distance 表示“一小段距离”；由语境可知restaurant指双方都知道的那个饭店，所以用定冠词the。

答案a；the

10．(2011?浙江)Experts think that ________ recently discovered painting may be ________ Picasso.

解析考查冠词的用法。第一空表示“那幅最近发现的画”，是特指概念，用定冠词the；第二空表示“一幅毕加索的画”，故用不定冠词a。

答案the；a

自查自纠表

题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 得分

考点

正误

思考我的盲点：

我将________。

对应学生用书P2

不定冠词的用法

【典例1】We can never expect ________ bluer sky unless we create ________ less polluted world.(2009?安徽)

解析两个空都是不可数名词表示泛指，所以都用不定冠词。句意：如果我们不创造一个环境污染更少的世界，我们就永远不能期望拥有一片更蓝的天空。

答案a；a

【典例2】It is generally accepted that ________ boy must learn to stand up and fight like ________ man.(2011?全国)

解析句意：人们普遍认为男孩子就该学会站起来像男人一样去奋斗。考查冠词。boy和man均为可数名词，都是泛指，故前面应该用不定冠词。

答案a；a

【典例3】First impressions are the most lasting.After all，you never get ________ second chance to make ________ first impression.(2010?北京)

解析第一空修饰限定chance用不定冠词，a second表示“又一次”，“再一次”。第二空修饰impression，泛指，所以用不定冠词。

答案a；a

【典例4】Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.(2012?山东)

解析考查冠词。第一空，drink前应用不定冠词，表示“一杯饮料”；第二空，comfort前面加不定冠词，表示“一个给人安慰的物品”，所以两个空都要用不定冠词。

答案a；a

1．I don't think the experiment is ________ failure.At least we have gained ________ experience for future.

解析failure意为“失败的事”，表示抽象名词具体化，故第一个空填不定冠词a；experience意为“经验”，是不可数名词，故前面不填冠词。

答案a；不填

2．Italy is ________ most attractive European country and how I wish I would go there for________ second time.

解析考查冠词的用法。第一个空后的most不是构成最高级，而是“非常，很，十分”的意思，因此前面用不定冠词，a most attractive European country意为“一个非常迷人的欧洲国家”；第二个空表示“又一，再一”，所以序数词前应用不定冠词。

答案a；a

3．I don't know who invented ________ telephone，but it's really ________ most wonderful invention.

解析the telephone特指电话这类事物；a most wonderful invention意为“一项非常奇妙的发明”。

答案the；a

4．George couldn't remember when he first met Mr.Anderson，but he was sure it was ________ Sunday because everybody was at ________ church.

解析一个星期天表述为a Sunday，be at church意为“在做礼拜”，不用冠词。

答案a；不填

不定冠词的用法

泛指单数和首提，某个/每个/又一个；

物质名词具体化，相同还是抽象词；

三餐四季有修饰，感叹句中有名单。

①泛指的单数可数名词前和首次提到的单数可数名词前；

②表示又一个，某一个(a second；a certain...)

③具体化的物质名词和抽象名词前(a success，a surprise...)

④有修饰词的三餐和四季前(a wonderful supper，a warm winter)

⑤感叹句中有单数可数名词。(How lovely a girl！)

定冠词的用法

【典例5】As is known to all，________ People's Republic of China is ________ biggest developing country in the world.(2011?陕西)

解析句意：众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。考查冠词。People's Republic of China“中华人民共和国”是由普通名词构成的专有名词，前面通常用定冠词；第二空后是形容词的最高级形式，故用定冠词。

答案the；the

【典例6】—I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.

—It is not your fault.With ________ rush－hour traffic and ________ heavy rain，it is no wonder you were late.

解析由句意可知，traffic和rain均为特指，故应加定冠词。

答案the；the

【典例7】What I need is ______ book that contains ________ ABC of oil painting. 解析句意：我所需要的是一本含有油画基础知识的书。第一个空表泛指，应用不定冠词；第二个空后有of oil painting修饰，表特指，应用定冠词。

答案a；the

【典例8】The biggest whale is ________ blue whale，which grows to be about 29 meters long—the height of ________ 9－story building.

解析the blue whale特指“蓝鲸”这类动物；第二个空表泛指，a 9－story building 意为“一座9层高的大楼”。

答案the；a

5．Obama has been elected ________ first black President of the United States，and the international society expects to have ________ new USA under his leadership.

解析第一个空表示顺序，所以序数词first前应填定冠词the，第二个空表示地点的专有名词USA前有形容词new修饰，故用不定冠词来限定。

答案the；a

6．________ China's growth is not ________ threat to others.On ________ contrary，it will bring more opportunities to the world.

解析句意：中国的发展不是对别的国家的一个威胁。相反，它会给世界带来更多的机遇。China(中国)属于专有名词，故与零冠词连用；threat(对别人构成威胁的人或物)为单数可数名词，表泛指，故第二空用不定冠词；on the contrary固定搭配，故用定冠词。on the contrary是固定短语，China为专有名词，不与冠词连用。

答案不填；a；the

7．Last Sunday，we took ________ guided walk around by ________ signs of the famous town.

解析take a walk为习惯用法，故第一空用不定冠词；第二空特指那个著名城镇里的指示牌，故用定冠词。

答案a；the

8．Eggs are sold by ________ dozen while the meat is charged by ________ weight. 解析第一个空表示“by＋the＋计量单位名词”；第二个空为固定短语by weight 意为“按重量”。句意：鸡蛋按打出售，而肉按重量出售。

答案the；不填

定冠词的用法(口诀)

特指双熟悉，上文已提及；

世上独无二，序数最高级；

某些专有名，习语和乐器。

①特指某些人或事物；②谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物；③上文已经提到的人或事

物；④世界上独一无二的事物前；⑤序数词、形容词的最高级前；⑥某些专有名词前；⑦一些习惯短语(如in the day等)中和西洋乐器名词前(如：play the piano) 零冠词的用法

【典例9】Sam has been appointed ________ manager of the engineering department to take ________ place of George.(2012?重庆)

解析句意：山姆被任命为工程部经理，取代了乔治。表示头衔或职位的名词作补语和同位语时，前面不用冠词；take the place of是固定短语，意为“代替”，“取代”。

答案不填；the

【典例10】Some people fear that ________ air pollution may bring about changes in ________ weather around the world.(2009?江西)

解析第一个空后的air pollution是不可数名词，而且是泛指，所以不需要填任何冠词；第二个空后的weather被around the world修饰，所以weather前需要加定冠词the。

答案不填；the

【典例11】It's ________ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them ________ pleasure.

解析考查冠词。句意：去上海欣赏世博会带给人们快乐，这是一个非常好的感觉。feeling作为感觉讲为可数名词。pleasure作为快乐、欢乐讲为不可数名词。答案a；不填

【典例12】Many lifestyle patterns do such ________ great harm to health that they actually speed up ________ weakening of the human body.

解析考查冠词。句意：许多生活方式对人类的健康有害，他们加速了人类身体的衰退。do harm to表示“对……有害”，中间无需冠词；the weakening of the human body特指人体的衰弱。

答案不填；the

9．Dr.Peter Spence，________ headmaster of the school，told us，“________ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”

解析句意：这所学校的校长Peter Spence博士告诉我们：“这里五分之一的学生都继续到牛津或者剑桥学习。”考查冠词。第一空后的名词headmaster是职务的称呼，其前不加冠词；第二空是分数的表达，用a/one fifth表示“五分之一”。答案不填；A

10．The bus to the Forbidden City runs on ________ hour by ________ hour.

解析句意：去紫禁城的公交车按小时整点发车。on the hour“整点”，by the hour“按小时计算”。

答案the；the

11．The development of industry has been ________ gradual process throughout ________ human existence，from stone tools to modern technology.

答案a；不填

12．The Smiths don't usually like staying at ________ hotels，but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by ________ sea.

答案不填；the

不用冠词的情况口诀

下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前：

专有名词表泛指，学科球类三餐前；

复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前；

颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。

以上口诀主要概括了一般应对“免冠”的几种情况，即：

①名词前已有作定语的this，that，some，my等限定词；

②泛指的专有名词和不可数名词前；

③表示学科的(如English，maths，physics)等名词前；

④球类运动的名词前及三餐总称前；

⑤复数名词表示泛指(一类人或事物)时；

⑥节日、季节、星期、月份前；

⑦表示颜色(如：It's red/yellow)、语种(如：speak English/Japanese)和国家的非全称名词(如：We live in China.They come from America.)前；

⑧在称呼或表示头衔的名词前；

⑨某些习惯短语中(如：in bed，go to school等)。

对应学生用书P4

用适当的冠词填空

1．(2013?郑州一模)________ M(m)oney plays an important role in ________ material world.But you can't expect it to give you real happiness.

解析句意：钱在物质世界中扮演着重要的角色，但是你不能期望它给你带来真正的快乐。第一空表泛指，不用冠词；第二个空表特指，用定冠词，the material world表示“物质世界”。

答案不填；the

2．(2013?西城一模)My friend's birthday is coming soon.I would like to go to ________ store，or some places close by to buy him ________ present.

解析go to the store意为“去商店”，为固定短语，故第一空用the；“给他买一份礼物”，为泛指意义，因此第二空使用不定冠词。

答案the；a

3．(2013?聊城一模)—How did you do in your essay?

—I got ________ okay grade，but Mr.Jones gave Sarah top marks.She's ________ teacher's pet，you know.

解析第一空okay前面应用an表示“一个相当好的分数”；第二空表示“她是老师的宠儿”，表示泛指，故用a。

答案an；a

4．(2013?邯郸一模)It is said that ________ wool produced in Australia is of ________ high quality.

解析句意：据说澳大利亚产的羊毛质量很好。“produced in Australia”是后置定语，所以前一个空格用the表示特指；后一个空格处是“be of＋抽象名词”结构，名词前不用冠词。

答案the；不填

5．(2013?济宁一模)—Which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with?

—________ younger one.He is ________ most humorous man.

解析根据句意可知，“________ younger one”特指双胞胎中较小的那一个，故

第一空用定冠词the；“________ most humorous man”泛指一个非常幽默的人，故第二空用不定冠词a，most在此为副词，意为“很，非常”。

答案The；a

6．(2013?合肥一中二模)I don't know who invented ________ iphone，but I think it is ________ useful invention.

解析句意：我不知道是谁发明了iphone，但是我认为它是一个有用的发明。前一空是类指，用定冠词；后一个空格是泛指，表示“一个，一种”。

答案the；a

7．(2013?南阳两校联考)Keeping a diary is ________ good habit，by which you'll make ________ great progress in writing.

解析句意：写日记是一种好习惯，通过它你将在写作上取得很大进步。第一空habit是可数名词，根据句意可知此处表示泛指“一种好习惯”，应用不定冠词。第二空progress为不可数名词，前面不用冠词，make progress意为“取得进步”。答案a；不填

8．(2013?咸阳二模)—Have you seen ________ pen？I left it here this morning.

—Is it ________ black one？I found it in the corner.

解析第一次提到某物用不定冠词，所以第一空填a；根据I found it in the corner 这一信息，它表明说话者是拿着笔在与对方说话，故表特指，所以第二空填the。答案a；the

9．(2013?昆明二模)The operation is ________ success and the patient is now out of ________ danger.

解析句意：这次手术是成功的并且现在病人已脱离了危险。第一空属抽象名词具体化，第二空为固定搭配。

答案a；不填

10．(2013?西安一中月考)As ________ unemployment is very high at the moment，it's very difficult for people to find ________ work.

解析unemployment和work均为不可数名词，表示一般意义时其前不用冠词。答案不填；不填

11．(2013?无锡一模)The education of ________ young is always ________ hot and serious topic.

解析the young意为“年轻人”，定冠词用于某些形容词前表示一类人或事物；第二空填不定冠词修饰名词topic，此处表泛指。

答案the；a

12．(2013?泰安一中月考)—John has put forward ________ most challenging question for us to answer.

—Yes，it really is.I have never heard ________ harder one.

解析第一空most是副词表示“很，十分”；第二空填a表示泛指，该句为I have never heard a harder one than this one的省略。

答案a；a

13．(2013?泰州二模)In the market，vegetables are sold by ________ kilogram，I mean，by ________ weight.

解析介词by表示“以……计”时，若后接单数可数名词，其前要用定冠词。如：by the week，按周；by the ton按吨，by the meter按米；若后接抽象名词时，则通常不用冠词，如by cash用现金；by volume按体积。

答案the；不填

14．(2013?嘉兴一中月考)Many people agree that ________ knowledge of English is a must in ________ international trade today.

解析 a knowledge of为固定表达，意义“……方面的知识”，trade为不可数名词，表示泛指时不用冠词。

答案a；不填

15．Everything comes with ________ price；there is no such ________ thing as a free lunch in the world.

解析price意为“代价”，为可数名词，第二空前有no，后面的名词不用冠词。答案a；不填

2016高考英语语法填空真题精选10篇

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