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(完整版)被动语态英语主动表被动用法归纳

(完整版)被动语态英语主动表被动用法归纳
(完整版)被动语态英语主动表被动用法归纳

一、谓语动词用主动表被动的五种情形

(1) 某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove等)要用主动表被动,因为连系动词为不及物动词,它们没有被动语态形式:

That dog looks dangerous. 那只狗看起来很危险。

Your idea sounds a good one. 你的想法听起来很好。

My advice proved to be wrong. 我的意见证实是错的。

(2) 当open, close, shut, lock, move等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义:

The door won't shut. 这门关不上。

The supermarket doors shut automatically. 超市的门是自动关的。

【注】该用法的不及物动词通常与can't, won't 等连用,注意它与用被动语态含义不同:

The window won't shut. 这窗户关不上。(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了)

The window won't be shut. 这窗户将不用关上。(窗户本身没问题,只是不用关)

有时可能用主动和被动形式均可,只是强调重点稍有不同:

Suddenly the door opened. 突然门开了。(不强调动作执行者)

The door was suddenly opened. 门突然被打开了。(强调动作执行者)

(3) 当read, wash, clean, cook, cut, wear, carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,通常要用主动形式表示被动意义:

The cloth washes well. 这种布料好洗。

The book sells quickly. 这书销售得快。

This cheese doesn't cut easily. It's too soft. 这乳酪不容易切,太软了。

This shirt will wear very long. 这衬衫可以穿很久。

【注】该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用,并且在用于以上意思时通常不宜直接使用被动语态形式。不过在某些特殊情况下也可用被动语态,只是含义稍有不同(用主动形式表示主语的属性,用被动形式表示动作执行者所执行的动作):

The sentences read clearly. 这些句子读起来很清楚。(即这句子没有歧义)

The sentences are read clearly. 这些句子被读得很清楚。(指读的人读得好)

另外,以上用法有时也可能用于进行时态:

The vegetables are cooking. 蔬菜正在煮着。

Is the book selling well? 这书销售情况如何?

(4) 某些表示开始和结束的动词(begin, start, finish, end等),当主语为事物且不强调动作的执行者时,可用主动形式表示被动意义:

When does the concert begin? 音乐会什么时候开始?

The play ended at ten o’clock. 戏10点钟结束。

(5) 有的动词本身含有被动意味,通常用主动形式来表示被动含义:

Where is the new film showing? 这部新电影在哪里放映?

My skirt caught on a nail. 我的裙子被钉子钩住了。

Soon the house filled with people. 很快房子就挤满了人。

二、非谓语动词用主动表被动的八种情形

(1) 不定式to blame, to let用作表语时,通常要用主动形式表示被动意义:

Who is to blame? 该怪谁呢?

The house is to let. 此屋出租。

(2) 某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义:

The question is difficult to answer. 这问题很难回答。

Your writing is impossible to read. 你的书写没法认。

Do you think the water is safe to drink? 你认为这水喝起来安全吗?

【注】①这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语,按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式,但习惯上却要用主动表被动。这类形容词常见的有awkward, convenient, dangerous, difficult, easy, hard,

impossible, interesting, nice, pleasant, safe, tough, tricky, unpleasant 等。

②有时形容词后跟有名词,在名词后用作定语的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义:

It's a difficult book to read. 那是一本难读的书。

It is a pleasant thing to remember. 这是一件值得记住的愉快的事。

③有少数用于类似结构的形容词(如fit, ready, free等),其中的不定式用主动式和被动式均可:

The water is not fit to drink [to be drunk]. 这水不适合饮用。

The letters are ready to post [to be posted]. 这信已准备好可以寄了。

(3) 不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,则要用主动形式表示被动意义:

I have some letters to write. 我有一些信要写。

I want something to drink. 我想喝点什么。

I want to get something to read. 我想找点东西阅读。

【注】如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,则应用被动式,比较:

I have something to type. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字)

I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字)

(4) 不定式用于某些双宾动词(如give, show, buy, lend, get等)的直接宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是直接宾语前的间接宾语,通常用主动形式表示被动意义:

Give me some magazines to read. 给我几本杂志看。

He lent me some magazines to read. 他借给我一些杂志看。

【注】如果不定式的逻辑主语不是直接宾语前的间接宾语,则应用被动式,比较:

He will show you the path to take. 他将告诉你走什么道路。

He will show you the room to be used as the meeting-room. 他将带你去看看用作会议室的房间。但有时两者区别不大:

Give me a list of the people to invite [to be invited]. 把需要邀请的人员名单给我。

(5) 不定式用于修饰“there be+名词”中的名词时,可用主动式,也可用被动式,有时含义差不多:

There is too much work to do [to be done]. 要做的工作太多了。

但有时含义有差别(不定式用主动式可视为其前省略了for sb,用被动式可视为其后省略了by sb):

There is nothing to do. 无事可做。(含有无聊之意)

There is nothing to be done. 不能做什么了。(指没有办法了)

There is nothing to see. 没什么可看的。(即不值一看)

There is nothing to be seen. 没看见什么。(指没东西看)

(6) 涉及副词enough和too的主动表被动。在too…to do sth 和…enough to do sth这两个结构中,若句子主语与其后不定式为to do sth被动关系,则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(但也可直接用被动式):

The writing is too faint to read [to be read]. 这笔迹太模糊,看不清。

These boxes are not strong enough to use [to be used] as a platform. 这些箱子不够牢,不能用作站台。

但在某些特别强调被动意义的语境中,可能用被动式更恰当:

He spoke in a voice too low to be heard. 他说话的声音太低,听不见。

He is too young to be sent to America for advanced study. 他太年轻,不能送到美国去深造。

(7) be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动:

In all, the book is worth reading. 总之,这本书值得一读。

This might be worth thinking about. 这可能值得考虑。

【注】与worth相似的worthy却不一样,其后不接动名词而接不定式(若接动名词则其前应有介词of),且要用被动式表示被动含义:

This book is worthy to be read [of being read]. 这本书值得一读。

(8) 在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义:

The plants want watering every day. 这些花草得天天浇水。

This wall requires repairing. 这面墙需要修理了。

【注】①以上结构中的动名词改用不定式则要用被动式表示被动意义:

This sentence needs explaining [to be explained]. 这个句子需要解释。

②它们后接名词时也可表示被动意义:

It needs no explanation. 它无需解释。

This plan requires careful consideration. 这项计划需要仔细考虑。

三、介词短语用主动表被动的六种情形

(1) “beyond+名词”:

The rumor is beyond belief. 这谣言难以置信。

The children were beyond control. 这些孩子不听管教。

【注】这类表达中的名词前通常没有冠词,且该名词一般都具有动作意义,类似的结构还有beyond compare(无可比拟),beyond description(难以形容),beyond (all) doubt(毫无疑问),beyond expression(无法形容),beyond suspicion(无可怀疑),等。

(2) “in+名词”短语:

When was paper money in use in China? 中国什么时候开始使用纸币?

Please do not enter the classroom while a lesson is in progress. 上课时请勿进教室。

【注】这类表达中的名词前通常没有冠词,且该名词一般都具有动作意义,类似的结构还有in action(在运转),in sight(看得见),in (good) repair(维修良好的),in store(贮藏着)等。

(3) “in course of+名词”短语:

The new railway is in course of construction. 新铁路正在兴建当中。

The goods ordered are now in course of shipment. 定的货正在运输途中。

【注】有些类似的短语有the表被动,无the表主动:

in charge of 负责in the charge of 由…负责

in possession of 拥有in the possession of 被…拥有

(4) “on+名词”短语:

The building is on fire. 那幢房子正在燃烧。

Every article on view will be on sale. 每件展品都将出售。

【注】这类表达中的名词前通常没有冠词,且该名词一般都具有动作意义,类似的结构还有on trial(在试用),on display(在展出),on show(在展出),on exhibition(在展出)等。

(5)“under+名词”短语:

The new music hall is under construction. 新的音乐大厅正在修建中。

Your proposal is under consideration. 你的提议正在考虑中。

【注】这类短语的名词前不用冠词,类似的还有under arrest(被逮捕),under attack(受到袭击),under discussion(在讨论中),under examination(在检查或调查中),under medical treatment(在治疗中),under repair(在修缮中),under review(在检查中),under study(在研究中)。

(6) 其他介词短语。除以上提到的几种情况外,还有一些介词短语也可表示被动意义,如for sale(供出售),for rent(供出租),at one's service(听凭某人使用),above reproach(无可指责,无可非议),above suspicion(不受怀疑),above criticism(无可指责),within sight(看得见)等。

【英语】被动语态详解+例句

【英语】被动语态详解+例句 一、单项选择被动语态 1.More than one worker ______ dismissed. A.have been B.are C.has been D.has 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查主谓一致和语态。句意:不止一个工人被解雇了。如果主语由"many a,more than one +单数名词"构成,尽管从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词仍用单数形式,故排除A和B,“工人”和“解雇”之间是被动关系,用被动语态,故选C。 2.—Are we about to having dinner? —Yes, it ________ in the dining room. A.serve B.is serving C.is being served D.has been serving 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:——我们准备去吃饭吗?——是的,饭菜正在餐厅被供应。it是指饭菜,和动作serve之间是被动关系,且动作正在进行,四个选项中只有C项是现在进行时的被动语态,故选C。 3. A human case of H7N9 was reported in 2014 when a woman______ to be infected with the bird flu virus. A.confirmed B.had been confirmed C.was confirmed D.have confirmed 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析:句意:一例人感染H7N9病毒的报告发生在2014年,当时,一名女性被确诊感染了禽流感。Confirm证实,确认,根据was reported in 2014可知,是过去的事情,先行词是2014,定语从句也用一般过去时,排除B、D;woman与confirm是动宾关系,即她是被确诊的,故选C。 考点:考查时态与被动语态 4.—The window is dirty. —I know. It ________ for weeks. A.hasn’t cleaned B.didn’t clean C.wasn’t cleaned D.hasn’t been cleaned 【答案】D 【解析】

被动语态用主动表达

被动语态用主动表达 被动语态是指在不知谁是动作执行者或没必要指出谁是动作执行者,或需要强调动作的承受者时使用,其基本形式是“系动词+过去分词”。但在现实语言运用中,会出现一些用主动形式表达被动含义的情况,现将英语中用主动语态表达被动含义的几种情况归纳如下:1. 表“需要”含义的动词,如need, want, require等作谓语时,其主语若是物时,这些动词后面可接动名词主动形式表示被动含义。如: The garden doesn't need watering, it rained last night. 这个园子不需要浇水,昨晚刚下过雨。The carpet really requires cleaning. 这块地毯确实需要清理了。 注:这种情况下,也可接不定式的被动语态表达同种含义。如: This sentence needs explaining once more.=This sentence needs to be explained once more. 这个句子需要再解释一遍。 2. 有一类动词既是及物的,又是不及物的,但如果表示主语内在的特征、性质或所处的状态而不是强调动作本身,就要用动词的主动形式表被动,这样用起来简洁,符合英美人的习惯。常见的动词有:sell, wash, write, wear, open, shut, lock, close, start, begin, read, tear, boil, burn, grow, break, change, weigh, measure等。 请看下面三个句子,体会划线部分的不同: His books sell well, so they are sold out soon. 他的书很畅销,所以很快就被卖光了。 The door won't open, so we'll ask the repairman to open it. 这门就是打不开,所以,我们将请修理工打开它。 We measured the bridge and it measures 20 metres long! 我们量了量这座桥,它(量起来)有20米长! 3. 一些表示感觉、感官的系动词,常用主动形式表示被动动作,如sound, feel, smell, taste, look等。如: I tasted the wine and it tasted wonderful! 我尝了尝这酒,味道棒极了。 4. be worth doing结构中,用动名词主动形式表示某事值得被做。如: This dictionary is expensive, but it is worth buying. 这本词典很贵,但很值得买。 5. 在be to blame, be to let, be to seek等结构中,也用主动形式表被动含义。如: Nobody is to blame for the accident. 没有人会因这个事故而受责怪。 6. 有些动词的进行时可表示被动含义(这种情况也可用被动)。如: Te new edition of Longman dictionary is printing. 朗文词典的新版本正在被印刷。 7. 动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义。 动词不定式主动形式表被动含义较复杂,一般分下面3种情况: (1)be+形容词(或有这种形容词修饰的名词)+to do,这时的形容词都表示主语所具有的特征。如:heavy, light, big, strong, nice, beautiful, easy, hard, difficult, fit, comfortable, dangerous 等。如: She is a nice person to work with. 她是一个很好共事的人。 注:①此种结构中,因为主语充当着不定式的逻辑宾语,所以不定式一定用及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语。②too+形容词+to do及形容词+enough+to do结构也适合这一类。如:

【英语】英语被动语态用法总结(完整)

【英语】英语被动语态用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择被动语态 1.The film “Schindler’s List”, was ________ by a real person, named Oskar Schindler A.inspired B.prompted C.rised D.insured 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查过去分词。A. inspired鼓舞;B. prompted引起,提示;C. rised上升;D. insured确保。句意:电影《辛德勒的名单》的灵感来自一个真实的人,名叫奥斯卡·辛德勒。结合句意可知此处用被动语态,故答案为A。 2.It is the third time so far that such a festival ________ in my hometown. A.is held B.has been held C.will be held D.had been held 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:考查句式用法。This is the first (second, third…) time +that从句,这是第一(二,三…)次…。一般来说,This is the first (second, third…) time +that从句,这个句式中that从句使用现在完成时,但是这个句子中,so far距今为止,表示现在为止这个节日庆祝活动,还没有举办,要用将来时。故选C。 考点: 考查句式用法 3.The new library ________; it will be open next year. A.had been built B.was built C.was being built D.is being built 【答案】D 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:图书馆正在建设中;明年开放。根据后面一句可推知,图书馆是正在建设中,所以要用进行时,图书馆是被建的,要用被动。所以本句要用现在进行时的被动语态。故选D。 4.The plan for Xiongan New Area ______ officially on April 1, 2017. A.announced B.was announced C.announces D.is announced 【答案】B 【解析】考查时态与被动语态。句意:设立雄安新区的计划在2017年4月1日被官方宣布。计划是被官方宣布,故用被动语态;动作发生在过去,故用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 5.Please wear your best clothes on Monday, as your class photos ______ then.

英语语法:被动语态的用法

英语语法:被动语态的用法 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去 分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. 我们教室每天都被打扫。 I am asked to study hard. 我被告知要努力学习。 Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用来切东西的。 2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分 词 A new shop was built last year. 去年修了一座新商店。 Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 恐龙蛋被放置了很久很久。 3. 一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. 我们城市将要修建 一家新医院。 Many more trees will be planted next year. 明年会种更多的树。 4. 现在实行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动 词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→ My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 王叔叔正在修理我的自 行车。

They are planting trees over there. → Trees are being planted over there by them. 他们在那里种植的树木。 5. 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书被翻译成多种文字。 Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 在很多国家有很多人造卫星被送上了太空。 6.过去实行时的被动语态构成:was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词 The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.当他的父母赶到医院的时候这个男孩正在做手术。 The new road was being made.这条新路正在修筑。 7.过去完成时的被动语态构成:had + been + 及物动词的过去分词 The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came. 在老师来之前,教室尚未打扫。 The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema.在门票被销售一空前我赶到了电影院。 8.将来完成时的被动语态构成:shall/will + have done

英语中动词主动表被动用法归纳

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