工程英语中翻英作业参考答案
第一课（第9页）
2.汉翻英
1. 机械工业用于制造产品的材料，可以分为金属材料、聚合物、陶瓷和复合材料。
The materials used for manufacturing products can be divided into four categories: metallics, polymerics, ceramics and composites.
2. 金属可以分为有色金属和黑色金属。
Metallics can be classified into non-ferrous and ferrous metallics.
3. 塑料可以分为热固性塑料和热塑性塑料。
Plastics cab be grouped into thermosets(thermosetting plastics) and thermoplastics.
4. 复合材料可以由两种或两种以上性质不同的材料组合，保留各自的特点，得到单一材料无法比拟的、优越的综合性能。
A composite consists of two more kinds of different materials, with each material keeping its own property, to get the superior synthetical (combined) performance which is unparalled (unmatched) by that of the individual material.
5. 当其所处的工作环境变化时，智能材料能改变其性能、颜色和形状等。
An intelligent material can change its property, color, shape and so on when its working environment changes.
第二课（第17页）
2. 汉翻英
1. 材料的特性可分为物理特性和化学特性两大类。
The properties of a material can be divided into two main groups: physical and chemical property.
2. 塑性材料在拉伸载荷的作用下应力达到屈服强度时，产生塑性变形。
When the stress of a material under the action of tensile load reaches yield strength, it will produce plastic deformation.
3. 除软钢等材料有明显的屈服点外，合金钢和有色合金等塑性材料无明显的屈服点。
Except that materials such as mild steel have obvious yielding point, plastic materials such as alloy steel and non-ferrous alloys have no obvious yielding point.
4. 脆性材料拉伸时，以抗拉强度为极限应力，压缩时以抗压强度为极限应力。
When a brittle material is stretched, the tensile strength is used as its ultimate stress, and when the material is compressed, compressive strength is used as its ultimate stress.
5. 蠕变是指材料在恒定温度和恒定应力的长期作用下，随着时间的延长会缓慢的发生塑性变形的现象。
Creep is referred to the phenomena that under the long-time action of constant temperature and load, the material will slowly produce plastic deformation with the extension of time.
第五课（第39页）
2. 汉翻英
1. 将金属从矿石中分离出来的过程叫冶炼。
The process in which metal is separated from ore is called smelting.
2. 几乎所有的黑色金属中都含有碳。
Almost all the ferrous metallics contain carbon.
3. 影响铸件质量的因素很多。
The factors that affect the quality of a casting are numerous.
4. 通常认为金属铸造是艺术与科学的结合。
It is usually believed that metal casting is a combination of art and science.
5. 熔模铸造具有很多独特的优点。
Investment casting has many peculiar advantages.
第六课（第45页）
2. 汉翻英
1. 今天，在锻造工艺中，金属的成形并非总是采用加热和锻打的方法。
Today，in forging process, metal forming does not always use the method of heating and hammering.
2. 液压机锻锤被广泛地用于锻造工艺中。
Hydraulic presses and the hammer are widely used in forging process.
3. 随着锻造技术的进步，许多以前认为不可能锻的材料现在也可通过常规锻造工艺进行加工。
With the development of forging technology, many materials which was believed that it was impossible to be forged can now be forged with the regular forging process.
4. 锻造就是要使金属材料变形为所需要的形状，而不同的材料对外界所施加的变形力的反应极不相同。
The purpose of forging is to make the shape of metal to be changed into what is needed, and the responses of different materials to the deforming force exerted by outsides are extremely different.
5. 锻造设备的行为是锻造技术发展的一个重要课题，因为它直接影响着锻造工艺的效果。
The behavior of forging equipments is an important topic in the development of forging technology, because it directly influences the effects of forging process.
第九课
2．汉翻英
1．螺杆用来传递运动和力。
Screw threads are used to transmit motion and force.
2.铆接既可以是搭接也可以是对接。
Rivet joints can be either a lap or a butt joint.
3. 焊接残余应力是由于热膨胀和收缩不均匀产生的。
Welding residual stress is produced by the uneven thermal expansion or contraction
4.在焊接设计时，要考虑安全因素。
Safety factors should be considered in welding design.
5. 胶接连接的强度取决于树脂对金属表面的粘附力和树脂本身分子之间的结合力。
The strength of adhesive joint is determined by the adhesion of the resin to the metal surfaces, and the cohesion between the molecules of the resin itself.
第十课
2．汉翻英
1．带传动和链传动联接两个或多个轴来传递旋转运动和运动。
Belt and chain are used to connect two or more shafts for transmission of rotation and power.
2. 链传动的传动比计算跟齿轮的传动一样，即与齿数成反比。
The speed ratio of a chain drive is the same as that of a gear drive, namely, the inverse ratio of the tooth number.
3. 链长必须是节距即一个连节的长度的倍数，节距的数目最好是偶数。
The chain length must be a multiple of the length of one shackle and it is preferable that the number of pitches is even.
4. 行星轮系在较小的空间内能得到较大的传动比。
Planetary gear trains can get larger speed ratio in a small package.
5.凸轮机构能把旋转运动转换成直线运动或摆动。
Cam mechanism can convert rotary motion into linear or oscillating (angular) motion.
第十三棵
2.汉译英
1）液压系统有动力源、执行原件、控制元件和辅助系统组成。
A hydraulic system consists of power source, actuators, control devices and auxiliary system.
2）根据动力源的不同，液压系统可分为恒流系统和恒压系统。
Depending on the power resource, a hydraulic system can be divided into a constant flow system and a constant pressure system.
3)齿轮泵是容积泵种结构最简单但效率最高的一种泵。
A gear pump is the simplest in configuration and the most efficient pump of positive displacement pump.
4)液压系统中另一种重要元件是阀，主要有三种类型的阀：溢流阀、流量控制阀和方向控制阀。
Another important device in hydraulic system is valve. There are mainly three types of valve: relief valve, flow control valve and direction control valve.
Lesson 14
Page 100
2. translate the following sentences into English:
1) 在车床加工中，工件的旋转为主运动，刀具的运动为进给运动。
In turning machining, the turning of the work-piece is primary motion and the motion of the tool is feed motion.
2)常用的铣床有以下几种：1）立式铣床；2）卧式铣床；3）龙门铣床。
The commonly used milling machines are as the following kinds:1)Horizontal milling machine;2)Vertical milling machines;3) Plano-millers。
3）磨床加工形成的切屑非常小，以至难于与粉尘相区别。
Chips formed by a grinding machine are so small that it is difficult to tell the difference between them and dusts.
4)机械加工在工业生产中得到了非常广泛的应用，它可以改变零件的几何形状，从而得到所需要的尺寸和表面质量。
Machining are widely used in industry production。It can change the geometric configuration of a work-piece and form the desired size and surface quality。
Page 119
第17课
2.汉译英
1）电化学加工是一种电解过程，依靠电解池作为阴极和工件作为阳极发生电化学分解去除金属。
ECM(electrochemical machining) is a electrolytic process, in which metals are removed by means of electrochemical decomposition using electrolytic reservoir as the cathode and a work-piece as the anode.
2)类似电化学加工过程的第一个专利是在1929年由Gusseff 申请的。
The first patent on a process resembling ECM was filed by Gusseff in 1929.
3)工件和加工工具分别被制成电解电池的阳极和阴极，它们的电势差大约是10伏。
A work-piece and a tool are respectively made into an anode and a cathode of an electrolytic cell and the potential difference between the two electrodes is about 10 V.
4) 由于其速度和操作简单，电化学去毛刺常用一种固定的、稳定的阴极工具进行加工。Owing to its speed and simplicity of operation, electrochemical deburring can often be performed with a fixed, stationary cathode tool.
第18课Page 125
2.汉译英
1）早在1768年前，人们就发现了电火花放电能引起金属的腐蚀。
As early as the time before 1768, it was found that spark discharge can cause metal erosion. 2) 放电加工是最常用的电加工方法，其实质是由于火花放电而引起金属腐蚀。
Electro-discharge is a commonly used electro-machining method, and it is actually a metal corrosion caused by spark discharging.
3) 放电加工主要用于钻孔、雕刻、压纹、螺纹切削（包括内螺纹和外螺纹）和工具、模具制造。
Electro-discharge is mainly used for drilling, engraving, embossing, thread cutting (internal and external) as well as tool and die making.
4)放电加工时，工具电极移动速度越高，已加工表面就越粗糙；要求的加工精度越高和表面粗糙度越低，电极的移动速度就应该越低。
In electro discharge machining, the higher the moving speed of tool electrode, the poorer the finish of the machined surface; the higher the requirement for accuracy and finish of the machined surface, the slower the moving speed of the electrode should be.
数学专业英语课后答案
2.1 数学、方程与比例 （1）数学来源于人类的社会实践，包括工农业的劳动，商业、军事和科学技术研究等活动。 Mathematics comes from man’s social practice, for example, industrial and agricultural production, commercial activities, military operations and scientific and technological researches. （2）如果没有运用数学，任何一个科学技术分支都不可能正常地发展。 No modern scientific and technological branches could be regularly developed without the application of mathematics. （3）符号在数学中起着非常重要的作用，它常用于表示概念和命题。Notations are a special and powerful tool of mathematics and are used to express conceptions and propositions very often. （4）17 世纪之前，人们局限于初等数学，即几何、三角和代数，那时只考虑常数。 Before 17th century, man confined himself to the elementary mathematics, i. e. , geometry, trigonometry and algebra, in which only the constants were considered. （5）方程与算数的等式不同在于它含有可以参加运算的未知量。 Equation is different from arithmetic identity in that it contains unknown quantity which can join operations. （6）方程又称为条件等式，因为其中的未知量通常只允许取某些特定的值。Equipment is called an equation of condition in that it is true only for certain values of unknown quantities in it. （7）方程很有用，可以用它来解决许多实际应用问题。 Equations are of very great use. We can use equations in many mathematical problems. （8）解方程时要进行一系列移项和同解变形，最后求出它的根，即未知量的值。To solve the equation means to move and change the terms about without making the equation untrue, until the root of the equation is obtained, which is the value of unknown term. 2.2 几何与三角 （1）许多专家都认为数学是学习其他科学技术的必备基础和先决条件。 Many experts recognize that mathematics is the necessary foundation and prerequisite of studying other science technology. （2）西方国家的专家认为几何起源于巴比伦和埃及人的土地测量技术，其实中国古代的数学家对几何做了许多出色的研究。 The western experts think that geometry had its origin in the measurements by the Babylonians and Egyptians of their lands. Infect, the ancient Chinese mathematicians made much remarkable study for geometry. （3）几何的学习使学生在思考问题时更周密和审慎，他们将不会盲目接受任何结论。 In studying geometry, the student is taught to think clearly and critically and he is led away from the practice of blind acceptance of any conclusions. （4）数学培养学生的分析问题的能力，使他们能应用毅力、创造性和逻辑推理来解决问题。
北邮大学英语3阶段作业三
一、句子改错（共5道小题，共25.0分） 1. This is such a beautiful day that everyone around us feel like going out for a walk. A B C D A. A B. B C. C D. D 2. Neither John and his father was able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train. A B C D A. A B. B C. C D. D
3. He finds it easier to do the cooking himself than teaching his wife to cook. A B C D A. A B. B C. C D. D 4. Despite his old age, he is still very healthful and often works in the field. A B C D A. A B. B C. C D. D
5. The information which she was injured in the accident was given by Liz. A B C D A. A B. B C. C D. D 二、阅读理解（共1道小题，共50.0分）
1. Today, as in every other day of the year, more than 3,000 U.S. adolescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime, it can be expected that of these 3,000 about 23 will be murdered, 30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweighs all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death. Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 percent, smoking rates among youth have declined. While the decline is impressive, several important issues must be raised. First, in the past several years, smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second, in the late 1970s, smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent. The statistic is reversing. Third, several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates, as much as 75 percent . Finally, though significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade, no definite reasons for the decline exist. Within this context, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effective measures to reduce smoking levels among youth. 1. According to the author, the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____. A. traffic accidents B. smoking-related diseases C. murder D. all of these 2. Every day there are over _____young people who will become regular smoker. A. 75 B. 23 C. 30 D. 3,000 3. By "dropout" (in paragraph 3) the author means______. A. students who failed the examination
英语作业及答案
下面的范文中有很多错误，请找出形容词与副词的混淆、冠词的遗漏和误用、介词和代词的误用等错误，并检查句子的完整性、单词拼写、主谓的一致性、动词和现在分词是否混淆、复数形式、动词的时态、词汇选择、词性、单词的顺序等问题。 (几乎每个句子都有错误) An university education is a goal of many high school students. Some students want to go into a profession that requires an university degree. But there are other professions that do not require a degree, but require certification from a technological college. The reasons why students make decisions to go to technical college instead of university probably have a lot to do with their choice of career, their own academic abilities and their financial situation. First of all, students make their choices for post-secondary education based on the fields that interest them. A student who is interested in medicine might decide to university, into a pre-med program to prepare to become a doctor, or they might go to nursing school or a nursing program in a technical college. Some career choices offer a choice of educational route. The university route is usually more intense and takes longer. For example, an interior designer might take a one or two year program at a college, or choose to do the degree program as a part of the architectural department at a university. Other career choices involve certification that is available at a college, like broadcast journal or
机械工程专业英语
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专业英语部分习题答案参考.doc
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大学英语(3)课程作业
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