外研版初中英语各册重点知识
初中英语各册重点知识
初一上册考试重点
名词所所有格：
⑴表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加's, students' rooms, father's shoes。
(2). 如复数结尾不是s的仍加's，如：Children's Day。
(3). 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用's，例如：a twenty minutes' walk，ten miles' journey，a boat's length，two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。(4). 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。
特殊情况：the key to the door / the answer to the question / the ticket for the concert (5). 双重所有格，例如：a friend of my father's。
【注意】
如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示“分别有”，例如：John's and Mary's rooms （约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Tom's and Mary's bikes（两人各自的自行车）。
两个名词并列，只有一个's，则表示“共有”，例如：John and Mary's room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Mary's mother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。
名词复数的不规则变化
单复数通同形：中国人会说汉语、英语和日语，瑞士人喜欢绵羊、鹿和鱼
fish 、sheep、deer、Swiss、Chinese、English、Japenses
不规则变化：男女孩子的脚，踩住老鼠的牙
Women、men 、children、feet、mice、teeth
would的用法
①Would you like to do sth?你愿意做某事吗？提出建议邀请，如果同意，用Yes，I’d love to./all right /A good idea.如果拒绝，也要客气的回绝。
②would like sth想要某物Would like sb to do sth想让某人做某事Would like to do 想做某事
③Would you please do sth?你能帮我做某事吗？
表示时间的介词
At 后接时间点，周末at the weekend
In 用在年、月、季节或上午、下午、晚上等名词前
On 后一般跟具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上
look、see、watch、read
Look集中注意力看，强调看的动作，如跟宾语，要用at
See 强调看的结果，看见，看到
Watch 强调专注地看，有欣赏的意味，常用语看电视，看球赛
Read 阅读，看书
初一下册重点知识
2、形容词和副词
形容词比较级用法：
1．最明显的提示词是than，其结构为“A…+比较级+than+B”。
2．有表示程度的副词a little，a bit，a few，a lot，much，even，still，far，rather，any等修饰时，用形容词比较级。
3．表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更…”时，句型“Which/Who is+形容词比较级，A or B?”
4、表示“越来越……”，即“比较级+and+比较级”，多音节词和部分双音节词时用“more and
more+形容词原级”。
5、表示“越……就越……”时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构。
形容词最高级用法：
1．表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。最高级前必须加定冠词the，句末常跟一个in/of短语来表示范围。
2．表示在三者或三者以上的人或物进行选择时，用“Which/Who is+the+最高级，A，B or C?”
3、表示“最……的……之一”时，用“one of the+形容词最高级”结构，
4、形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最……
一、词汇
1、enjoy
enjoy sth/doing 喜欢某物/做某件事情
enjoy oneself= have a good time玩的愉快
派生词：enjoyable，令人愉快的enjoyment, 乐趣
2、dress,put on, wear,be in
dress后常跟人作宾语，给…穿衣服,get dressed或dress oneself
put on意为穿上，强调穿的动作，宾语通常是衣服、鞋帽
wear穿着，戴着，强调穿的状态，宾语可以是衣帽也可以是饰品
be in也表状态，后面要加颜色，表示穿着什么颜色的衣服
3、bring, take, carry 和get的用法。
bring意思为“拿来”、“带来”。指将某物或某人从别处“带来”。
Bring me the book, please.
take意思是“拿走”，“带走”
It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you.
carry 是“带着、搬运、携带”的意思，不表明来去的方向。
Do you always carry a handbag?
Get 是去某处将某物拿回来。
Please go to my office to get some chalk.
4、strict adj. be strict with sb.对某人要求严格
be strict in sth 对某事要求严格
5、spend
人+spend+时间/金钱+ on sth/ (in) doing sth
6、get ready for
get ready for sth 为…做准备（强调动作）
get ready to do sth 准备去做…（强调动作）
be ready for sth 准备好… （强调状态）
be ready to do sth 准备好去做…（强调状态）
get sth ready 把sth 准备好
7、look forward to doing
8、be good/bad at
do well/badly in
9、hope 与wish的区别：
希望去做… hope to do sth/wish to do sth
希望sb去做… wish sb to do …
hope与wish后都可以接that从句.
二、金牌句型
1、It is more difficult for old people to learn English.
It is +adj.+(for sb)+to do sth.
2、It is the best way to get to school.
3、What’s the population of Shanghai?
在询问有多少人口用“What’s the population of…”/ “How large is the population of…”
表示“有多少人口”用“…have/has a population of…”
形容人口的多少用large和small,而不用many,much和few,little
4、有关how的疑问句短语
How long… 多长时间或物体长度
How soon… 过多久，用于将来时间
How often… 频率
How far… 多远，指距离
5、What be sb like? 询问某人什么样，可以是外貌或性格等；
What do/does sb look like? 询问相貌。
初二上册考试重点
一、语法
1、时态的考察，对于各种时态主要看时间标志词，尤其是：just now/just/now; ago/before; five years ago/since five years ago/for five years, 时态的考察以现在完成时为重点，注意非延续性动词在现在完成加时间的情况下需要变为延续性状态的词。have been to /have been in/ have gone to
2、反义疑问句
＊祈使句
Let引导的祈使句有两种情况：
1)Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we?
2)Let us/me...，will you或won't you。
Let me have a try, will you/won't you?
3）动词原形开头的祈使句都用will you 或won’t you
＊当陈述部分含I think (believe, suppose...)that... 结构时，其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致，注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。例如：
I don't think he will come, will he?
若是非第一人称，则与主句的主语相一致
He thinks that she will come, doesn’t he?
＊当陈述部分为从句时，若主句主语为I ，反意部分的主语为从句主语;若不为I ，反义部分的主语为主句主语。
①I know your father is a worker, isn't he?
①she knows your father is a worker, doesn’t she?
＊当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时：few, little, seldom，hardly, never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等，其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。
例如：He is never late for school, is he?
＊陈述部分是there be句型时，其反意疑问句中要用there。
There was a hospital here, wasn't there?
＊陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, anything或something 时，反意
疑问句的主语应用代词it。
Something is wrong with my radio, isn't it? 我的收音机出毛病了，是吧？
＊陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none, neither 时, 其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they。例如：
Everyone is here, aren't they? 大家都到了，是吗？
3、to do 不定式
1. 不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。
It is exciting to surf the Internet.
It's ... of sb. to do sth.与It's... for sb. to do sth.
形容词形容人的时候用of,形容事情的时候用for
It's very kind / nice of you to help me。
It's hard for the Chinese students to learn Russian. 中国学生学俄语是很难的。
2.动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，要先用it作形式宾语，而将该不定式后置。
注意：一些动词之后可以接to和doing作宾语时，如stop，forget，remember, try,need等
I don't think it right to do it in that way.
我觉得以那种方式去做是不恰当的。
I find it hard to get along with him.
我发现与他相处不是件容易的事。
4.作补语
有些动词后跟不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语。
①感官动词②使役动词③help sb. do…或help sb. to do当此类句子改为被动语态时，要补上to.
He is often heard to sing this song.
The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.
在think, find, consider, discover等动词后常用to be +adj.结构作宾补，有时to be 可省略。We all think/ consider/ find/ discover him (to be) kind and honest.
动词不定式的省略
1）不定式在使役动词let, have, make和感官动词see, watch, notice , observe, hear, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补时，省略to。help 可带to，也可不带to →help sb (to) do sth。
2) Why not 后面接不带to 的不定式。常用来表建议。
Why not have a break?
3）but和except：but/except前的部分出现实义动词do时，其后面出现的动词不定式可以不
带to。比较：
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.
Last night I did nothing but (to )watch TV.
He does everything except (to) work.
4) 由and, or或than连接的两个不定式，第二个不定式的to 可以省去。例如：He wants to move to France and marry the girl.
5）通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去to be：He is supposed (to be) an honest man.
4、情态动词
must是重点
1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。否定形式是needn’t,
2）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。否定形式是can’t 3）musn’t本身表示“禁止”，“不允许”，“不能”
二、重点词汇、句型
1、※W hat/how about doing …?
※Why not/why don’t you do…..?
※It is +adj.+for sb to do sth?此句型到第九模块会重点讲解
3
5、bring, take, carry 和get的用法。
bring意思为“拿来”、“带来”。指将某物或某人从别处“带来”。
Bring me the book, please.
take意思是“拿走”，“带走”，把某物或某人从这里“带来”或“拿到”某处之意。
It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you.
carry 是“带着、搬运、携带”的意思，指随身携带，有背着、扛着、抱着、提着的含义，不表明来去的方向。Do you always carry a handbag?
Get 是去某处将某物拿回来。
Please go to my office to get some chalk.
6、through/across/over
through 穿越，指从空间内穿越through the door
across，横越穿过，从表面走过，或从一边到另一边,across the road
over翻越，跨越
7、provide /offer
provide sth for sb / provide sb with sth
offer sth to sb / offer sb sth（主动提供）
8、happen / take place
happen指事件偶然发生，还可以表示“碰巧”之意,不用于被动语态
sth happen to sb
sb happen to do sth.
It happens that+句子
take place多指按计划或者安排而发生，不用于被动语态
9、compare…with…比较compare…to…. 比喻
10、depend on sb 依赖depend on sth 依…而定
初二下册重点知识
一、重点词汇
1、make
make +宾语+动词原形He made us stay with him.
make +宾语+ 形容词He tried to make his mother happy
make +宾语+名词- He made me his friend.
make +宾语+介词短语He asked us to make ourselves at home.
make +宾语+过去分词What made him so frightened?
2、seem
Seem+形容词English seems a little difficult.
Seem to do He doesn’t seem to have any friends.
=It seems that he doesn’t have any friends.
It seems as if they were in a dream.
3、suggest
suggest+名词、代词
suggest doing建议做某事
suggest sb do 建议某人做某事
4、refuse to do sth拒绝做某事
5、beat 打败，后接运动员、球队、对手
win 接比赛、战争，奖项
6、avoid doing sth避免做某事
7、depend
depend on sb 依赖
depend on sth 依…而定
8、on one’s own独自
of one’s own 某人自己的
9、have problem with …在哪一方面有麻烦
have problem/trouble/difficulty (in)doing，其中trouble/difficulty是不可数名词，前面用no/much/some/little any修饰
10、come up出现，发生
1)发芽，In March, lots of plants begin to come up.
2)太阳升起
3）发生，出现I'll let him know if anything comes up.
4）被提及A number of questions came up at the meeting.
11、in order to、to+动词原形、s o as to,so…that.so that，in order that
in order to、to+动词原形、so as to引导目的状语从句，有时为了表示强调，也可把in order to，to do放在句首，否定形式是in order not to,so as not to
12、as well as并且，还，可与not only…but also互换，但是as well as强调前面的内容，
not only…but also强调后面的内容
1）连接两个并列成分He as well as his friends likes going shopping.
2）as well as还可以表示“和…一样好”，well是副词，用于修饰实义动词。
3）as well 可单独做副词，表示“也”，位于句末。
13、such adj. 如此，这样
so +adj.+a/an+单数名词
such+a/an+adj.+单数名词
such +adj.+复数名词、不可数名词，
当adj.是many/much/few/little时用so
14、倒装句
So + be/助动词/情态动词+主语“某人或某物也一样”
I will go there tomorrow. So will she.
So +主语+be/助动词/情态动词“的确如此”
"It was very cold yesterday.""昨天很冷。"
"So it was.""的确如此。"
对于上述两种情况，当前一句是否定句时，so须改用neither或nor。
15、besides，but，except和except for
besides：除了......还包括He has another car besides this.
but与excep t同义，但but多用在every，any，no等和由这些词构成的复合词
except：除了；例句：Except you, there is no one can help me. 除了你没人能帮我
except for：在一类中除去另一类，Smith is a good man，except fo r his bad temper
二、语法知识
1、宾语从句
宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：
I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
I think (that) you will like this school soon.
Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。
I don’t think (th at) you are right.
Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
知识拓展：
宾从的主语与主句的主语（或宾语）相同时，可把从句替换为“疑问词+ to do”
①.I haven’t decided where I will go =I haven’t decided where to go
②.He asked me what I bought = He asked me what to buy.
2、状语从句
★时间状语从句
1）由when，as soon as ,before 等引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来时间。
2）带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……
才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：
The young man read till the light went out.
We won’t start until Bob comes.
★条件状语从句
1）条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，一般现在时表示将来时间。
2）“祈使句+ and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。
Hurry up, or you’ll be late. =If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.
★结果状语从句
结果状语从句由so…that, such…that, so that
此知识点牵扯到重点词汇中的so +adj.+a/an+单数名词
such+a/an+adj.+单数名词
such +adj.+复数名词、不可数名词，
当adj.是many/much/few/little时用so 3、to do 和doing做宾语
常考的动词后加-ing.
1. Enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事
2. Like doing sth 喜欢做某事
3. Have fun doing sth 玩得开心
4. Practice doing sth 练习做某事
5. Spend doing sth 花费时间做某事（主语是人）
6. Keep doing sth 保持一直做某事
7. How about doing sth 做某事怎么样（表建议）
8. What about doing sth 做某事怎么样（表建议）
9. Have a difficulty doing sth 做某事有困难
10. Have a good time doing sth 玩得开心
11. Feel like doing sth 想要做某事
12. Can’t help doing sth禁不住做某事
13. start doing sth 开始做某事
14. go on doing sth 继续做某事
15. mind doing sth 介意做某事
16. finish doing sth 完成做某事
17. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
18. see/hear sb doing 看到/听到某人正在做某事
19. remember doing sth 记住曾做过某事
20. forget doing sth 忘记曾做过某事
21. try doing sth 做某事试试看有何效果
22. mean doing sth 意味着做某事
23. can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事
24. stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事
初三上册考试重点知识
一、语法知识
被动语态的特殊用法：
1、不及物动词带介词和介词宾语,在变为被动语态时,仍然要带上介词,如
The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.
The new students are looked after in the school.
The things are take good care of .
2、当动词带有符合宾语时,并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时,在被动语态中应加上“to”,一感，二听，三让，四看
They make us do all the work. We are made to do all the work.
We often hear her sing English songs. She is often heard to sing English songs.
I see him walk to school. He is seen to walk to school.
3、当动词带双宾语时,将其中一个宾语提前作被动语态的主语,另一个不动; 如果是将指物或指事的宾语提前,则指人的宾语前应加上to、for如:
I am given some nice presents.
They give me some presents
Some nice presents are given to me.
The children are often told some stories (by him) He often tells the children some stories.
Some stories are often told to the children (by him). 动词后加to：give,show,send,bring,lend,promise等。
动词后加for: pay,buy,sing,make,get等
3、定语从句
修饰人只用who的情况：
a. 先行词是one , ones , anyone , those 时。
b. there be句型中修饰名词时。
c. 先行词后有一个较长的定语。
1)Anyone who hasn’t handed in his home- work should stay after school.
2)There is a girl who wants to see you at the school gate.
3)Did you see the man in the park yesterday afternoon who wore a red shirt?
修饰人或物只用that的情况：
(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。
All that he said is true.
(2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。
He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.
(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：
He was the second (person) that told me the secret.
(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。
This is the best book (that) I have read this year.
(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：
修饰物只用which的情况：
a. 先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时
b. 先行词为that时
1)This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived . 这就是鲁迅以前住过的房子。
2)What’s that which you are holding in your arms? 你抱着的那个是什么？
定语从句可简化为短语
1．定语从句为被动语态时可简化为过去分词短语；定语从句为现在进行时可简化为现在分词短语。
2．定语从句的谓语(be)后是介词短语，可简化为介词短语作定语。
3．定语从句的谓语动词含情态动词，可简化为不定式。
eg.1)I bought a book that was written by Lu Xun.
= I bought a book written by Lu Xun.
2)Tell the children who are playing there not to do that.
= Tell the children playing there not to do that.
3)The book that is on the table is mine.
= The book on the table is mine.
4) We have nothing that we should fear.
= We have nothing to fear.
4、冠词和数词
1、a/an用在序数词之前表示“再一次，又一次’
2、the用在姓氏复数之前，表示“某某一家人”，“某某夫妇”。例如：
the Browns, the Whites等。
3.表示一个具体数字时，hundred, thousand, million一律不用复数；
在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。例如：
There are three thousand students in our school.
After the war, thousands of people became homeless.
(3) 表示“……十”的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代，例如：
He is in his early thirties．
He died still in his forties．
This took place in 1930s．
5、主谓一致
1. 语法一致的原则
（2）并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
The poet and writer has come.
（3）由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.（4）主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有but ,except, besides, with ,as well as等短语，谓语动词仍用单数。例如：The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.
（5）一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。The police are looking for lost boy.
（7）有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.
Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.
如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair 的单复数形式。例如：My new pair of socks is on the bed.
2. 意义一致的原则
（1）表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：Twenty years is not a long time.
Ten dollars is too dear.
（2）有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如：
My family is big one.
My family are watching TV.
（5）“分数或百分数/the rest+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：
It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.
Three –fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.
（8）凡是以“定冠词+形容词（或分词）”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数；如果指的是
一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.
The dead is a famous person.
3. 邻近一致的原则
（1）由连词or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一
致。例如：
Either you or I am right.
Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.
（2）在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
There are two apples and one egg in it.
（4）以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
Here is a letter and some books for you.
词汇
1、do some reviews about表示“对......做评论”;
do an interview with表示“采访......”.
2、too……to 太……而不能
He is too young to go to school
so…that 如此…以至于,
…enough to…,
注意同义句转换
3、as far as 就…而言，据…
as long as 只要：I don't mind as long as it doesn't rain.
as soon as一…就…I'll write you as soon as I get there.
as well as和…一样He grows flowers as well as vegetables.
4、please两个意思，一个是请，一个是取悦，
Mark treid to please Jen.
pleased，感到愉悦的，高兴的
pleasure，名词，相当于fun，can you open the door for me？My pleasure.
pleasant，是形容词，舒服的，宜人的such a pleasant day
5、allow/encourage/advise sb to do
sb be allowed/encouraged/advised
6、prefer to do…rather than do…
prefer doing A to doing B
would rather do …than do…
would rather do…than do….
do A instead of doing B
7、above all,after all,first of all,in all
above all,尤其是，最重要的是，强调内容的重要性
after all 毕竟，终究
first of all 首先，表示顺序上的首先
in all 总共
8、instead of /instead
instead of 是介词短语，常位于句中，而instead是副词，可置于句中，常用逗号与句子主干分开，也可直接置于句末，通常用于上文已经说明的被代替的对象。He is too busy, let me go instead.
9、in order to、to+动词原形、so as to,so…that.so that，in order that
in order to、to+动词原形、so as to引导目的状语从句，有时为了表示强调，也可把in order to，to do放在句首，否定形式是in order not to,so as not to
10、some time 一段时间
sometime 某个时候
sometimes 有时候
some times 几次
11、be used to do 被用来做某事
be used to dong 习惯于
used to do 曾经/过去常常做
13、so +adj.+a/an+单数名词
such+a/an+adj.+单数名词
such +adj.+复数名词、不可数名词，
当adj.是many/much/few/little时用so
14、be supposed to (do)被期望或要求; 应该
suppose that假定
15、progress,不可数名词
make progress
16、倒装句
So + be/助动词/情态动词+主语“某人或某物也一样”
I will go there tomorrow. So will she.
So +主语+be/助动词/情态动词“的确如此”
"It was very cold yesterday.""昨天很冷。"
"So it was.""的确如此。"
对于上述两种情况，当前一句是否定句时，so须改用neither或nor。
初三下册知识重点
一、词汇
1、debate v.&n.辩论
1）debate about sth.争论某事
2）debate with sb.与某人争论
2、neither 和none
1）neither“两者都不”，是both的反义词，neither，neither of作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，Neither of the two boys is right.
Neither…nor…既不…也不…,主谓一致遵循就近原则
2）none 三者或三者以上都不，none和none of做主语时，谓语动词单复数皆可。
3、prevent防止，预防
主要考点：prevent 。。。from sth/doing sth 阻止…做…
=keep /stop …..from…..
4、absent缺席的,不在场的反义词：present
短语：be absent from缺席
5、suppose
be supposed to (do)被期望或要求; 应该
suppose that假定
6、lead a…life过着…的生活
7、关于off的词组
Set off 出发put off 推迟give off发出〔光、热、气味等〕Get off 下车turn off 关闭hurry off匆忙离开... Fall off 跌落go off 爆炸
8、fit 合适，合身
9、success 名词，成功The meeting is a great success.
successful 形容词，成功的The meeting is successful.
succeed 动词，成功He succeeded in teaching.
10、suggestion 可数名词some suggestions
advice 不可数名词some advice 、a piece of advice
suggest sb do sth advise sb to do sth
11、do damage to 对…造成损害
do harm/good to 对…有害
no good doing做某事没好处
no good to sb 对某人无益
12、make effort to do sth努力去做某事
13、miss
1)想念I will miss you.
2)错过He missed the train.
3)不见了Who is missing?
14、a large amount of 大量的，修饰可数名词复数形式。
只修饰名词复数：many / several/ a few / few/ a(large) number of
只修饰不可数名词：much/ a little/ a great deal of
即可修饰不可数名词又可修饰名词复数的：a lot of/plenty of
15、have effect on对。。。造成影响
make differences to 对…造成影响
16、give in 屈服
give up 放弃
17、in other words换句话说
in a word 总而言之
have words with sb 和某人吵架
18、help oneself to 慢慢享用
19、not…any more不再（数量上不再）=no more 但是在句子中的位置不同
not …any l onger时间上不再= no longer
20、be named after。。。以。。。命名
21、above all,after all,first of all,in all
above all,尤其是，最重要的是，强调内容的重要性
after all 毕竟，终究at fist 开始，起先，带有转折之意
first of all 首先，表示顺序上的首先in all 总共
22、achieve完成，达到，收获
achieve a high level
achieve great progress
23、no matter…无论… 引导让步状语从句之后加疑问词
24、in place of代替与instead of
instead of代替……，而不是……（用在名词，代词或介词短语前）
We will go by bus instead of on foot.我们坐车去，而不是步行。
in place of与instead of意思相同。（书面语，代替某人可说in sb's place）
We use gas in place of coal in cooking.我们用煤气代替煤作饭
Our monitor is away. I am action in place of him.我们班长不在,我代替他的职务.
take the place of 取代,代替（做谓语，用在名词，代词前）
Tractors have taken the place of horses in many places.在许多地方拖拉机代替了马
25、be essential for …对…极其重要
26、What’s more 并且，进一步说
27、from the bottom of one’s heart 由衷地…
28、owe to 归功于
owe sth to sth 把…归功于…
owe sth to sb 欠某人某物
29、pay back 偿还
30、apply for 申请
二、语法知识
感叹句：感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊异等感情的句子。句末用感叹号“！”，读时用降调，感叹句往往由what或how引导，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词，副词或动词。
1. what引导的感叹句：
（1）what + a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）
What a beautiful city it is!
What an interesting story she told!
（2）what+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）
What expensive watches they are!
What terrible weather it is!
2．How引导的感叹句：
（1）How+形容词/副词+陈述句（主语+谓语）
How cold it is!
How hard he works!
（2）How+陈述句（主语+谓语）
How he loves his son!
How I miss you!
（3）How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）
How tall a tree it is!
（4）上述两种感叹句可以互相转换。例如：
What a clever boy he is!→How clever the boy is!
What a cold day it is!→How cold it is!