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1．（2011·山东卷）D

Since the 1970s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers．Brain-computer interface（BCI）technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines．

Recently, two researchers, Jose Milan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic school in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated（展示）a small robotic wheelchair directed by a person’s thoughts．

In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right band．He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts．“our brain has billions of nerve ceils．These send signals through the spinal cord （脊髓）to the muscles to give us the ability to move．But spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prevent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles,” Tavella says．“Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices．”（

The researchers designed a special cap for the user．This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp（头皮）and sends them to a computer．The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair．The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path．They help the computer react to commands from the brain．

Prof．Milan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer software that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands．“The practical possibilities that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: communication, and controlling devices．One example is this wheelchair．”

He says his team has set two goals．One is testing with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from．And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time．

A．help to update computer systems B．link the human brain with computers C．help the disabled to recover D．control a person's thoughts 72．How" did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory?

A．By controlling his muscles．B．By talking to the machine．

C．By moving his hand．D．By using his mind．

73．Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?

A．scalp→computer→cap→wheelchair

B．computer→cap→scalp→wheelchair

C．scalp→cap→computer→wheelchair

D．cap→computer→scalp→wheelchair

74．The team will test with real patients to

A．make profits from them B．prove the technology useful to them C．make them live longer D．learn about their physical condition 75．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A．Switzerland, the BCI Research Center

B．New Findings About How the Human Brain Works

C．BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the Disabled

D．Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries

【解析】：71-75:BDCBC

【语篇解读】本文是一则新闻报道，介绍了Brain-computer interface（BCI）技术的发明，原理和对残疾人带来的益处。

71．B。细节理解题。从第一段第一句话可知。

72．D．细节理解题。见第二段“Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking about moving his left or right band．”。

73．C．细节理解题。见第五段描述。

74．B．细节推断题。见最后一段“to prove that this is a technology they can benefit from．”，证明他们可以从中获得的好处。

75．C．主旨大意题。本文是新闻文体，因此要关注首段的中心，由首段的第二句话“Brain-computer interface（BCI）technology could help people with disabilities send commands to machines．”推断选C。

2．（2011·湖北卷）C

In today’s throw away society, dealing with the city’s growing mountain of waste is an inereasing challenge for the city countil（市议会）。

Recently．Edinburgh is faced with the problem of dssposing of（处理）about250,000

Million tons of waster a year ．Despite different ways to dispose of much of it in a green manner---largely through encouraging tecycling---its aging facilities such as the Powderhall landfill do not have the ability to deal with it．

The European Union（EU）has issued a new policy, regulating how such mountains of waster are to hr disposed of．The five councils （Edinburgh．East Lothian．West Lothian．Midlethian and Borders）face fine around $18million a year from 2013 it they don’t inerease recycling levels and rely less on landfill．With this in mind, the coumlls got together with the idea of building a lage incinerator plant （垃圾焚烧厂）to burn half of the waste produced in their districts．But the plan fell apart after the change of target levels by a new UK government waste policy which required that no more than 25% of the city’s waste should be disposed of in this way by 2025．

After the plan was abandoned, a private company which already transported millions of tons of the city’s wast by train to a landfill site near Dunbar, offered an alternative soution when it suggested opening a huge waste site near Portobello．

Since Powderhall is supposed to close in 2015, it seemed necessary for the members of the Edinburgh Council to accept the suggestion．But soon they turned it down—after 700 local objections reached them—because it would have meant hundreds of lorries a day making loud noise through heavily populated areas．

That still leaves eth council with a problem．By 2013,only50%of 1995 levels of waste will benllewed to be sent to landfill．Even if recveling large are met, there will still be a large amount of rubbish to be burnt up．Due build an Edinburgh and Midlothian councils have now decided to work together to build an ineinerator plant as time to find a solution is fast running out．59．The main way of handling waste in a green manmer in Edinburgh is ．A．recyeling B．restoring C．burying D．burning 60．The five councils worked out a plan to build an incinerator plant to ．A．reduce the roast of burying waste

B．meets the EU requirements

C．speed up waste recycling

D．tempter landfill sites

61．The city council of Edinburgh rejected the suggestion to open a huge landfill site near Portobello because．

A．a name from a private company

B．the comelier was not interested in it

C．it was not supports by EU

D．the local poodle was waist it

62．What is the final dream an Edinburgh and Midlothian Country?

A．To open a new landfill nearby

B．To close the powder hall landfill in 2015

C．To set up a plan for burning waste

D．To persuade people to deduce their waste．

【答案】ABDC

3．（2011·广东卷）D

In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources（资源）, the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise．Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disppearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm．People now realize that this unheathy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable（可持续的）ways．That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products．In other words, we should keep the healthy while using its supply of natural resources．

Today, sustainable development is a popular trend in many countries．According to a recent study, the global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decade．China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy resolution．It is now trying hard to made full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains．In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil（棕榈油）, which is produced without cutting down valuabe rainforest．In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown more than 50%．

Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets．First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions（排放）and targets for saving and reusing energy．Besides, stronger arrangement of public resouces like forests can also help to speed up the development．Finally, governments can avoid the huge public expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accerlarate the change from the traditional model to a sustainable one．

The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of a growing population within the limits of this single planet．That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries．

41．The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that____．A．it makes the world warmer

B．it consumes natural resouces

C．it brings severe damage to future

D．it makes growth hard to continue

42．What can we infer from Paragraph2?

A．China lacks wind and solar energy

B．China is the leader of the low-carbon market

C．High-speed trains are a low-carbon development

D．Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests

43．To fully develop the low-carbon markets governments can______．

A．cut public expenses

B．forbid carbon emission

C．develop public resousces

D．encourage energy conservation

44．We can learn from the last paragraph that business have many chances to _______．A．develop sustainable products

B．explore new natural resousces

C．make full use of natural resousces

D．deal with the major challenge

45．What is the main purpose of the passage?

A．To introduce a new business model

B．To compare two business models

C．To predict a change of the global markets

D．To advocate sustainable development

【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章阐述了传统经济发展模式给地球带来了许多危害。这种发展模式破坏了毁坏了森林、使全球气候变暖等。现在低碳、可持续的经济发展模式成为许多国家的发展主流方向。中国政府正在充分发挥潜能大力开发新的低耗能、低排放的新能源市场。

41．B考查细节理解。根据第一段可知：传统经济发展模式的危害是使全球气候变暖、不能持续发展、给未来发展造成损失。所以B正确。

42．B考查推理判断。综合第二段的China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy resolution及段意可知：中国在绿色环保、低能减排的市场上成为领军国家。故选B。

43．D考查推理判断。根据First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions（排放）and targets for saving and reusing energy可知选D。

44．A考查推理判断。根据最后一段That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries．可知选A。

45．D考查作者的写作意图。文章由传统经济发展模式的弊端引出可持续经济发展的模式，作者通篇阐释了可持续经济发展的模式的好处及发展方向。所以作者提倡可持续发展。

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