新概念英语第二册笔记-第53课说课讲解

Lesson 53 Hot snake 触电的蛇

【Text】

What caused the fire?

At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California. Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began. Forest fires are often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away. Yesterday the firemen examined the ground carefully, but were not able to find any broken glass. They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire. This morning, however, a firemen accidentally discovered the cause. He noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16,000-volt power line. In this way, he was able to solve the mystery. The explanation was simple but very unusual. A bird had snatched up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires. The snake then wound itself round the wires. When it did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire.

【课文翻译】

消防队员们终于扑灭了加利福尼亚的一场森林大火。从那时起，他们一直试图找出起火的原因。森林火灾时常由破碎的玻璃或人们随手扔掉的香烟头引起。昨天，消防队员仔细查看了地面，但未能发现碎玻璃。他们还十分肯定火灾也不是由烟头引起的。然而今天上午，一个消防队员偶然发现了起火的原因。他发现了缠绕在16,000伏高压线上的一条死蛇。就这样，他解开了起火之谜。解释很简单，却异乎寻常。一只鸟把蛇从地上抓起来，然后把它扔到了电线上。于是蛇就缠住了几根电线。当它这样做时，把火花送到了地面，这些火花立刻引起了一场大火。

【New words and expressions】（13）

hot adj. 带电的，充电的fireman n. 消防队员

cause v. 引起；n. 原因examine v. 检查

accidentally adv. 意外地，偶然地remains n. 尸体，残骸

wire n. 电线volt n. 伏特（电压单位）

power line 电力线solve v. 解决

mystery n. 谜（无法接受地, 解释不了的）

snatch v. 抓住spark n. 电火花

一．单词讲解：

★ hot adj. 带电的，充电的

同义词fiery, flushed, burning, steaming

反义词cold, cool, frigid, icy 变化形形变hotter hottest

hot－hotted－ hotted －hotting

（1）热的、炎热的（反义词cold）

hot water ；hot weather ；a hot day

eg：Strike while the iron is hot . 趁热打铁.(谚)勿错失良机。hot 炎热的→warm 温暖的→cool 凉爽的

→chilly寒冷的→cold 寒冷的、严寒的

（2）（调味品等）辣的

eg：Pepper and mustard are hot . 胡椒和芥末都是辣的.

（3）强烈的、激烈的、热烈的

have a hot temper 怒; a hot debate 激烈的讨论

get hot on rock music 热衷摇滚乐

（4）（新闻等）最新的，刚发生的、刚到达的

hot news on the election results 选举的结果的最新消息

a magazine hot from the press 刚出版的杂志

a young man hot from school 刚从学校踏出社会的年轻人

be hot on sb 迷恋某人、爱慕某人

be in hot water 惹上麻烦、陷入困境(受辱)

get / run into trouble 遇到麻烦

a hot potato 棘手的问题、烫手山芋

get hot under the collar 怒气冲冲的；局促不安

★ fireman n. 消防队员

同义词fire fighter, fire extinguisher, fire tender

变化形名复firemen

fireplace [fai?pleis] n.壁炉

firework [fai?w?:k] n.爆竹,(常pl.)烟火

fire-water消防用水；fire-fighter救火员

firehouse消防队＝fire station消防站

fireproof ['fai?pru:f] adj. 耐火的, 防火的vt. 使耐火, 使防火fire-raising n. 放火、纵火

★ cause v. 引起；n. 原因; 起因[C][U][(+of)]

同义词motive, reason, occasion, basis

反义词result, consequence, effect, outcome

变化形名复causes 变化形动变caused caused causing （1）v. 引起、导致

eg：A cigarette caused the forest fire . 香烟引起的森林大火。eg：What caused his sickness ？是什么使他生病?

an accident caused by carelessness 由于粗心大意而导致事故。

B result from A B是由A导致的

A cause

B ＝A lead to B ＝A contribute to B

＝ A result in B ＝ A start B ＝A bring about B

A导致B；A是原因B是结果

（2）n.理由

eg：You have no cause for complaint . 你没有理由发牢骚。

eg：Don’t be late without cause . 不要无故迟到。

＝Don’t be late without good cause .

（3）n. 原因、起因

eg：What was the cause of his sickness ？是什么导致他的病？

find out the cause 查出原因

★ examine v. 检查、细查; 诊察

同义词inspect, observe, study, consider

变化形动变examined examined examining

（1）仔细观察、检查、调查

look at carefully in order to learn about or from , inspect closely 仔细观察、检查、调查之意

eg：The firefighters examined every inch of the forest .

消防队员仔细检查森林。

examine facts 检查事实；examine a theory 剖析(理论、事件等) examine an evidence 调查证物

（2）v.诊察inspect closely to check for disease

eg：The doctor examined his patient carefully. 医生耐心仔细检查他的病。（3）v.考试、测试

examine students in English 考学生的英语

examiner 主考人←→examinee 应考者

exam n.考试；examination n. 考试

examine v. 考试、检查

example n. 例子；for example 比如说

★ accidentally a dv. 意外地，偶然地

accidental adj. 意外的、偶然的

happening unexpectedly or by chance 意外或偶然发生

反义词intentional a.故意的，有意(识)的

an accidental meeting with a friend 偶然遇到一位朋友.

an accidental death 意外死亡

accident

（1）n.（u）事故、意外

a car / road / traffic accident 汽车/道路/交通意外

（2）机遇、命运、造化（chance 、fortune）

by chance 偶然，碰巧＝by accident ＝accidentally

eg：I found a gold mine by accident / accidentally / by chance .

我意外/意外/偶然发现了一个金矿。

★ remains n. 尸体，残骸

Remain

（1）v. 留下、剩下、遗留（不再用进行时态）

eg：After the fire , nothing remained in my house .

火灾发生后，我的房子什么都没有留下。

eg：If you take 3 from 8 , 5 remains . 8减去3剩5。

eg：Much remains to be done . 要做的事还很多。

eg：What’s done is done ＝Let bygones be bygones . 木已成舟;既往不咎（2）v. 仍是、保持不变

eg：He remained silent . 他仍是保持沉默

eg：After the quarrel, they remained the best of friends .

争吵之后，他们仍然是最好的朋友。

remains

（1）n. 剩余物、残余物the remains of a meal 残羹剩饭

（2）（古建筑物）遗址、废墟the remains of Yuanmingyuan 圆明园遗址（3）n. 遗体、遗骸

eg：The remains of Chairman Mao were kept well in a crystal coffin .

毛主席的遗体被良好保存在水晶棺。

★ wire n. 电线、金属线, 金属丝[C][U]

同义词telegraph, cable, fasten, tie

变化形名复wires 变化形动变wired wired wiring

（1）n. 电线、金属线,

eg：He tied a basket to the bicycle with a piece of wire .

他用一条铁丝绑一个篮子在自行车上。

telephone wires 电话线；barbed wire 有刺的铁丝

（2）（美口）电报

send a wire 发电报←→receive a wire 接电报

be on wires ＝be all on wires 兴奋、坐立不安

under the wire 勉强来得及

wireless adj. 无线的；wireless telegraphy 无线电报

★ volt n. 伏特（电压单位）；

变化形名复volts

voltage [?v?ultid?] n.电压、伏特数

★ power line 电力线

power

（1）电力、动力

electric power 电力；atomic power 原子动力；water power 水力

（2）力、能力

brain power 智力；the power of hearing 听力

（3）权力、支配力、势力political power 政治权力

eg：The dictator held absolute power over his people .

这个独裁者对他的百姓有绝对的权力。

not within one’s power ＝beyond one’s power

超出某人的能力、能力不足

eg：It is beyond my power to understand how the computer works.

想要了解计算器如何工作，这是超出我的能力所能及的。

come to power ＝come into power 得势、掌权

★ solve v. 解决work out

同义词answer, explain, unriddle, decipher

变化形动变solved solved solving

solve a question / problem / puzzle / crime / mystery

解决一个问题/难题/益智/破案/揭开一个迷题

eg：We must solve the economic crisis . 我们必须解决经济危机。solution [s??lu:??n] n.解决；解答，解决办法；溶液

a solution for / to a trouble 纷争的解决

eg：It took a long time to find the solution .

花了很长的时间来寻找解决办法。

★ mystery n. 谜（无法接受地, 解释不了的）

同义词problem, puzzle, riddle, secret 变化形名复mysteries

the mystery of life生命的奥秘

eg：His disappearance is a mystery. 他的失踪是个谜。

an air of mystery 神秘气氛

eg：The murder is wrapped in mystery . 谋杀笼罩于神秘之中

可做定语修饰名词：

a mystery guest / visitor 神秘的来客；a mystery tour 神秘之旅mystery [?mist?ri] n.神秘(性)，神秘的人(或事物)

riddle [?ridl] n.谜(语)；难题vt.筛；把…弄得处处穿孔

puzzle [?p?zl] v.(使)迷惑；(使)苦思n.谜；难题

★ snatch v. 抓住

同义词seize, grasp, grab, clutch

变化形动变snatched snatched snatching 变化形名复snatches

（1）v. 抢、夺、攫取snatch up 抓起、夺取

eg：The thief snatched her bag and ran away .

小偷抢走她的提包逃跑了。

eg：He snatched at the paper as his mother was about to see it .

母亲正要看报纸，他抢了过来。

（2）v.（趁机）迅速取得，急急忙忙吃完饭

snatch a sleep on a busy day 在忙碌的日子偷闲小睡

snatch a kiss 出其不意地吻

※ snatch [sn?t?] 迅速而有力（粗鲁地）抓住、抢

snatch a chance 抓住机会

※ grab [gr?b] vt.抓取；抓住n./ vi.(at)抓(住)，夺(得)（热切而拼命地抓住）grab sth from sb

※ grasp （1）抓住或咬住、抓紧grasp a chance 抓住机会

（2）掌握grasp a language 掌握一门语言

※ hold 抓住、握住、托住

take / catch / get hold of 抓住，捉住

★ spark n. 电火花（切断电流而产生）

同义词flash, gleam, glimmer 变化形名复sparks

变化形动变sparked sparked sparking

strike a spark from a flint 用燧石打出火花

a shower of sparks 如阵雨般（大量的）火星、火花

a bright spark 活泼而聪明的年人

a bright apple ＝a wise apple 骄傲的年轻人

二．Key structures：

现在完成进行时

1. 一般过去时：强调过去某时间发生完的动作或者处于的状态，搭配一个明确的过去时间

2. 现在完成时构成：have / has + v.-ed

强调过去某时一动作对现在存在的影响或者是这个动作一直延续到现在还可能再延续下去。

3. 现在完成进行时：强调过去动作对现在产生的影响，强调一直在进行着，一直发生着

构成：have / has been + doing

eg：I stayed at this hotel five years ago . （一般过去时）

eg：Have you ever stayed at this hotel ？（现在完成时）

eg：I have been staying at this hotel for 3 weeks .（现在完成进行时）

现在完成进行时：

1.表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在或离现在不远的时间。多用于延续性动词，

如：live , learn , lie , stay , sit , wait , stand ,

wrest [rest] v.& n.拧；敲诈；强取, study 等；

并且长和一些时间状语：

all this time , this week , this moth , all night , all the morning , recently

等状语以及since和for 所引导的状语短语或从句连用。

eg：What have you been doing all this time . 你一直在做什么?

eg：He is ill . He’s been lying in the bed for 3 weeks.他病了,已经卧床3个星期了。

2. 现在完成进行时和一切进行时态一样也可以代有感情色彩。

eg：Too much has been happening today . 今天发生太多事了

eg：Fiddlesticks ！who has been telling you such stuff .

胡说！谁已经告诉你这样的东西。

fiddlesticks ['fidlstiks] int. 胡说such stuff 这样的东西

Exercise：用正确实态填空：

At last firemen have put （put）out a big forest fire in California . Since then , they have been trying （try）to find out how the fire began （begin）. Yesterday the firemen examined （examine）the ground carefully , but were not （not be）able to find any broken glass .

They were （be）also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start （not start）the fire.

三．课文讲解：

★At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California.

消防队员们终于扑灭了加利福尼亚的一场森林大火.

※ California 又名Golden State

★Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began.

从那时起, 他们一直试图找出起火的原因.

Forest fires are often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends which people carelessly throw away.

森林火灾时常由破碎的玻璃或人们随手扔掉的香烟头引起.

broken glass 破碎的玻璃

a broken heart 一颗破碎的心；a broken glass 被打破的玻璃杯

a broken promise 违约，食言；a broken marriage 破裂的婚姻

a broken home 破裂的家庭

※ cigarette ends 烟头

come to an end 结束

eg：The meeting came to an end at midnight . 会议开到半夜才结束

make both ends meet 勉强维持生计, 使收支相抵

※throw away 扔掉，抛弃；错过(机会)，浪费(金钱等)

throw to vt. 向 ... 投

eg：He throw the ball to me and I caught it . 他把球给我，我接住了。

throw at 向 ... 扔去

eg：The boy throw a stone at the window and broke it .

这个男孩扔一块石头向窗户，窗户破了

★Yesterday the firemen examined the ground carefully, but were not able to find any broken glass.

昨天, 消防队员仔细查看了地面, 但未能发现碎玻璃.

※ were not able to ＝could not 未能

They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire.

他们还十分肯定火灾也不是由烟头引起的.

be sure that ＝be quite sure that

quite [kwait] ad.相当

eg：Are you quite certain about that ？这事你能肯定吗?

quiet [?kwai?t] a.轻声的；安静的n.安静v.(使)安静

eg：The class kept very quiet during the lesson .

quite [kwait] ad.实际上，确实；完全，十分

eg：She was quite alone . 她的确独自一人

bargain [?bɑ:gin]n.特价商品；协议，交易vi.讨价还价

quite 相当,颇

eg：She’s a quite good actress . 她是一个相当不错的演员

eg：The jacket is quite good . 这件夹克是相当不错

start the fire 引起火灾

eg：We started on our journey . 我们开始我们的旅程。

eg：Our school started at 8：50. 我们学校8:50开始上课

Eg：He hasn’t started in / on writing his next play yet .

start to do sth 开始做某事

⑴主语为物⑵ start为进行时态⑶后面的动词do表示内心活动

eg：A strong wind started to blow .一阵强风吹起

eg：She is starting to prepare lunch.

start doing sth 开始(某工作);着手做某事

eg：He usually starts studying at 8 at home .

在家里他通常在8点开始时读书

eg：He started to understand . 他开始明白

This morning, however, a firemen accidentally discovered the cause.

然而今天上午, 一个消防队员偶然发现了起火的原因.

cause

区别cause与reason：

cause n. 直接导致行为或事件发生的原因，即”起因”

reason n. 解释某事为甚么发生的理由或借口

cause vt. 使发生，导致，引起

reason vt./vi. 评理、劝说（常与with , into , out of 连用）

eg：Do you know the cause of the fire？你知道火灾的原因吗?

eg：This is the reason why he left. 这是他离开的原因

eg：What caused the fire？是什么导致了火灾?

eg：I reasoned with him for hours , but I couldn’t persuade him to change his mind .

我劝他几个小时，但我没能说服他改变了主意

reasoned with him 劝说他

reason sb into doing sth ＝talk sb into doing sth 劝某人做某事

←→reason sb out of（doing）sth 劝某人别做某事

＝talk sb out of （doing）sth

He noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16,000-volt power line.

他发现了缠绕在16, 000伏高压线上的一条死蛇.

In this way, he was able to solve the mystery.

就这样, 他解开了起火之谜.

The explanation was simple but very unusual.

解释很简单, 却异乎寻常.

A bird had snatched up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires. 一只鸟把蛇从地上抓起来, 然后把它扔到了电线上.

snatched up sth from the ground 把……从地上抓起来

※ drop vt.使落下、使掉落

eg：She dropped the vase on the floor .

drop vi.

eg：The teapot dropped out of her hand . 茶壶从她手上落下来

fall vi 掉下、跌倒

eg：He fell down the stairs and broke his leg . 他从楼梯上摔下，摔断了腿

eg：The book fell from the table to the floor .

eg：Prices fell. ＝Prices dropped . 价格下跌了

The snake then wound itself round the wires.

于是蛇就缠住了几根电线.

eg：Vines often wind around a post or a tree .

藤蔓常缭绕在柱子或树木上

eg：I wind this clock every day . 我每天给时钟上发条

eg：Does this watch wind automatically ？这表是自动上弦的吗？

※ wind [wind, waind] n.风；气息v.绕，缠；(给…)上发条

automatically [?:t??m?tikli] ad.自动地；无意识地

★ When it did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire. 当它这样做时, 把火花送到了地面, 这些火花立刻引起了一场大火.

※ start a fire ＝cause a fire 引起了一场大火

四．Exercise：

1.The firemen have been examining the ground a yesterday .

a. since

b. for

c. ago

d. by

2. He was able to solve the mystery. He c .

a. could if he wanted to

b. could but he didn't want to

c. succeeded in solving it

d. didn't succeed in solving it

be able to＝can, succeed in doing

3. In this way he was able to solve the mystery. c he did it.

a. That's so

b. Like this

c. That's how

d. So

in this way= that’s how 以这种方式

like 在英文中不表示方式, 只表示两者的东西很象

4. Radioactivity was discovered b at the turn of the last century . adioactivity [?reidi?u?k?tiviti] n.放射性,放射现象

a. by the way 顺便地，附带地说说

b. by accident 偶然

c. in short 简而言之，总之

d. in vain 徒然，白费力

五．Review：

Key structures：一般过去时，现在完成时，现在完成进行时的应用

1. 一般过去时：强调过去某时间发生完的动作或者处于的状态，搭配一个明确的过去时间

2. 现在完成时构成：have / has + v.-ed

强调过去某时一动作对现在存在的影响或者是这个动作一直延续到现在还可能再延续下去。2.

3.现在完成进行时：强调过去动作对现在产生的影响，强调一直在进行着，一直发生着

Main Points：

hot snake 触电的蛇；wind around缠绕

solve the mystery 揭开迷团；start the fire 点火、开始火灾

be caused by起因于, 由 ... 所引起；

send sparks down to …. 发送火花

throw away 扔掉，抛弃；错过(机会)，浪费(金钱等)

be quite sure …. 非常肯定

六．补充内容：谚语：

1. Life is a bed of roses . 生活总是一帆风顺的

←→Lift is not a bed of roses. 生活不总是一帆风顺的

2. Lightning never strikes in the same place twice .

雷电从不会两次击中同一个地方、偶然的事不可能再次同样发生(福无双至)。lightning [?laitni?]n.闪电

新概念英语第二册第七课教案

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