国际经济学作业答案
C h a p t e r7I n t e r n a t i o n a l F a c t o r M o v e m e n t s
?Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which of the following differs in its essential analytical framework
(a) International trade in goods
(b) International conflict resolution
(c) International trade in services
(d) International trade in factors of production
(e) International borrowing and lending
Answer: B
2. The slope of the production function measures
(a) the physical increase in output as country grows.
(b) the dollar-value increase in output as a country grows.
(c) the increase in number of workers as immigration proceeds.
(d) the marginal product of labor.
(e) the marginal product of capital.
Answer: D
3. International free labor mobility will under all circumstances
(a) increase total world output.
(b) improve the economic welfare of everyone.
(c) improve the economic welfare of workers everywhere.
(d) improve the economic welfare of landlords (or capital owners) everywhere.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: E
4. If the world attained a perfect Heckscher-Ohlin model equilibrium with trade, then
(a) workers in the labor abundant country would migrate to the capital abundant country.
(b) workers in the labor abundant country would wish to migrate to the capital abundant country.
(c) workers in the labor abundant country would have no desire to migrate to the capital
abundant country.
(d) workers in the capital abundant country would wish to migrate to the labor abundant country.
(e) workers in the capital abundant country would migrate to the labor abundant country.
Answer: C
5. During the mass migration period of late 19th-early 20th centuries,
(a) wages rose in the origin countries and fell in the destination countries.
(b) wages fell in the origin countries and rose in the destination countries.
(c) wages generally rose faster in the origin countries.
(d) wages generally rose faster in the destination countries.
(e) wages generally fell faster in the origin countries.
Answer: C
6. International borrowing and lending may be interpreted as one form of
(a) intermediate trade.
(b) inter-temporal trade.
(c) trade in services.
(d) unrequited international transfers.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
7. The relative price of future consumption is
(a) the interest rate.
(b) unknown at any given time.
(c) the real interest rate.
(d) the relative interest rate.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
8. A country that has a comparative advantage in future production of consumption goods
(a) will tend to be an international borrower.
(b) will tend to have low real interest rates.
(c) will tend to be an international investor or lender.
(d) will tend to have good work ethics.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
9. A . multinational corporation
(a) has a controlling share in a foreign subsidiary and is not itself foreign controlled.
(b) is foreign controlled and has no controlling share in a foreign company.
(c) has a controlling share in a foreign subsidiary and may itself be foreign controlled by a
foreign company.
(d) is a . company whose major markets are outside the United States.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
10. Why a good is produced in two different countries is known as the question of
(a) internalization.
(b) vertical integration.
(c) exploitation.
(d) location.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
11. Internalization deals with the question
(a) why workers prefer to work indoors
(b) internationalization
(c) why components are produced by one firm rather than by many.
(d) Why a good is produced in two different countries
(e) None of the above
Answer: C
12. The home location of m ost of the world’s large multinational companies is
(a) North America and Europe.
(b) North America and Asia.
(c) Europe and South America.
(d) Europe and Asia.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
13. Which of the following best refers to the outright construction or purchase abroad of productive
facilities by domestic residents
(a) Foreign direct investment
(b) Portfolio Investment
(c) Short-term capital investment.
(d) Long-term capital investment
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
14. Most direct investment in the United States has come from
(a) Japan.
(b) Canada.
(c) Western Europe.
(d) South America.
(e) Asia.
Answer: C
15. Most . direct foreign investment occurs in
(a) communications.
(b) agriculture.
(c) petroleum.
(d) manufacturing.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
16. Most foreign direct investment in the United States occurs in
(a) communications.
(b) agriculture.
(c) petroleum.
(d) manufacturing.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
17. Multinational corporations may provide benefits to their home countries for the following reasons
except which one
(a) Secure raw materials for the source country
(b) Allow for exports of products, which involve company-specific trade secrets
(c) Allow domestic firms to secure timely deliveries of commodities or products, which do not
enjoy a stable or deep market internationally
(d) Shift home country technology overseas via licensing
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
18. Trade analysis involving multinational corporations differs from our conventional trade analysis
because multinational corporation analysis involves
(a) absolute cost differentials rather than comparative cost differentials.
(b) the international movement of factor inputs as well as that of finished goods.
(c) purely competitive markets rather than imperfectly competitive markets.
(d) portfolio investments rather than direct foreign investment.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
19. Direct foreign investment may take any of the following forms except
(a) investors buying bonds of an existing firm overseas.
(b) the creation of a wholly owned business overseas.
(c) the takeover of an existing company overseas.
(d) the construction of a manufacturing plant overseas.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
20. Which of the following could logically explain why foreign direct investment might be attracted
to the United States
(a) . wage rates exceeding the productivity of . labor
(b) . price ceilings that hold down the price of energy
(c) Especially high price/earning ratios associated with the stock of . firms
(d) Anticipations of future reductions in . non-tariff barriers
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
21. Multinational corporations
(a) increase the transfer of technology between nations.
(b) make it harder for nations to foster activities of comparative advantage.
(c) always enjoy political harmony in host countries in which their subsidiaries operate.
(d) require governmental subsidies in order to conduct worldwide operations.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
22. American labor unions have recently maintained that . multinational corporations have been
(a) exporting American jobs by investing overseas.
(b) exporting American jobs by keeping investment in the United States.
(c) importing cheap foreign labor by shifting . investment overseas.
(d) importing cheap foreign workers by keeping . investment at home.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
23. Multinational corporations
(a) always produce primary goods.
(b) always produce manufactured goods.
(c) always produce services.
(d) may produce primary or manufactured goods.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
24. ___________ refers to highly educated and skilled people who migrate from poor developing
countries to wealthy industrial countries.
(a) Direct investment
(b) Portfolio investment
(c) Transfer pricing
(d) Brain drain
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
25. International labor mobility
(a) leads to wage convergence by raising wages in destination country and lowering in source
country.
(b) is in accordance with the specific factors model
(c) is in accordance with the Heckscher-Ohlin factor proportions model.
(d) leads to wage convergence by raising wages in source and lowering them in destination
country.
(e) is in accordance with scale economy model.
Answer: D
26. In theory, labor mobility is
(a) a complete complement to trade flows.
(b) a partial complement to trade flows.
(c) a complete substitute for trade flows.
(d) a partial substitute for trade flows.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
27. In practice, international labor mobility is
(a) a complete complement to trade flows.
(b) a partial complement to trade flows.
(c) a complete substitute for trade flows.
(d) a partial substitute for trade flows.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
28. If one observes that Japan was traditionally a net foreign lender, one could conclude that relative
to its international trade and financial partners
(a) Japan’s inter-temporal production possibilities are biased toward future consumption.
(b) Japan’s inter-temporal production possibilities are larger than that of the other countries.
(c) Japan’s inter-temporal production possibilities are biased toward present consumption.
(d) Japan’s inter-temporal production possibilities are not biased.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
29. Rapidly growing developing countries tend to be borrowers on the international capital markets.
From this information we may surmise that they have a comparative advantage in
(a) capital goods.
(b) future income.
(c) disposable income.
(d) consumer goods.
(e) present income.
Answer: B
30. It may be argued that theoretically, international capital movements
(a) tend to hurt the donor countries.
(b) tend to hurt the recipient countries.
(c) tend to hurt labor in donor countries.
(d) tend to hurt labor in recipient countries.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
31. Transactions between branches of the same multinational corporations account for ________ of .
imports.
(a) one quarter
(b) one third
(c) one half
(d) three quarters
(e) all
Answer: C
32. The shift of labor-intensive assembly operations from the United States to Mexican maqiladora
may be best explained in terms of a theory of
(a) location.
(b) vertical integration.
(c) horizontal integration.
(d) internalization.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
33. When comparing the United States to the United Kingdom, between 1985 and 1990, the relative
growth of foreign-owned firms in manufacturing
(a) grew faster in the ., whose proportion of foreign-owned firms is larger.
(b) grew faster in the ., whose proportion of foreign-owned firms is larger.
(c) grew faster in the ., whose proportion of foreign-owned firms is smaller.
(d) grew faster in the ., whose proportion of foreign-owned firms is smaller.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
34. The inflow of foreign direct investment into the United States has always been perceived
(a) with trepidation.
(b) with resentment.
(c) with equanimity.
(d) with satisfaction.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: E
35. The purchase by Germany’s Daimler-Benz of America’s Chrysler corporation is generally
viewed as
(a) direct foreign investment typical of trends in the 1980s.
(b) a capital outflow from the United States, since Daimler-Benz “milked” the assets of Chrysler.
(c) a major success story of globalization.
(d) an example of international vertical integration.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: E
36. In a typical short-run production function, as labor increases
(a) the marginal product of capital decreases.
(b) the overall product of labor decreases.
(c) the average product of labor decreases.
(d) the marginal product of labor decreases.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
37. American labor unions accuse . multinational corporations of all except which
(a) They enjoy unfair advantages in taxation.
(b) They export jobs by shifting technology overseas.
(c) They export jobs by shifting investment overseas.
(d) They operate at output levels where scale economies occur.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
?Essay Questions
1. The Heckscher-Ohlin model is famous for being elegant and mathematically sophisticated, yet
failing to describe reality. One manifestation of this fact is Trefler’s Case of Missing Trade.
Explain what exactly is missing. In what sense is it missing How would you explain why it is
missing How can a relaxation of the identical production functions explain the case of the missing trade
Answer: Trefler demonstrated that the actual volume of world trade is significantly less than that which would be predicted by the Heckscher-Ohlin model. One explanation is that North-South trade is especially less than would be predicted by a factor proportions model. If technologies differ in the poorer countries, then it is possible that the cost of producing
a product, which uses relatively much of their abundant factor may still be higher than
the cost of producing it in the other country.
2.Factor-intensity reversals describe a situation in which the production of a product may be land-
intensive in one country, and relatively labor intensive in another (at given relative wage levels).
For example, cotton may be land intensive in the ., and labor intensive in Egypt where land is
relatively scarce and expensive. Suppose factor-intensity reversals were common. How would that affect the conclusion that a country in which land is relatively scarce will not be the country with
a comparative advantage in the land-intensive product
Answer: The answer here is straightforward (though it has various interesting implications). In this case we cannot define or identify a product in terms of its relative factor intensity
(at all or any relative wage level). Therefore, the Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem is ipso-
facto inapplicable.
3. Why is it that North-South trade in manufactures seems to be consistent with the results or
expectations generated by the factor-proportions theory of international trade, whereas North-
North trade is not
Answer: There is a clear difference in relative factor availabilities between North and South countries, no matter how we define and measure the factors of production. Hence, the
factor-proportions theory of trade may be sensibly expected to explain the pattern
(though not the volume) of trade between these two groups of countries. However, the
North North trade partners do not vary significantly in their relative factor availabilities,
so that other forces, such as scale economies play a relatively large role in determining
trade patterns.
4. One of the commonly used assumptions in deriving the Heckscher-Ohlin model is that tastes are
homothetic, or that if the per capita incomes were the same in two countries, the proportions of their expenditures allocated to each product would be the same as it is in the other country.
Imagine that this assumption is false, and that in fact, the tastes in each country are strongly
biased in favor of the product in which it has a comparative advantage. How would this affect the relationship between relative factor abundance between the two countries, and the nature (factor-intensity) of the product each exports What if the taste bias favored the imported good
Answer: If in fact national tastes were strongly biased in favor of the product in which the country enjoyed a comparative advantage, then we would expect a bias in favor of
rejecting the Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem in actual trade data. The engine driving the H-
O model is that a country should be expected to have a relatively low cost of producing
the good in which it has a comparative advantage. However, the respective demand
forces would tend to raise the price of this good, so that the expected pattern would not
generally be observed. However, if the tastes were biased in favor of the imported good,
then the predictions of the Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem would be expected to be
generally observed.
5. Why do you suppose that South-South trade does not conform in volume, but does conform in
pattern with expectations generated by the Heckscher-Ohlin model
Answer: The pattern of trade is generally observed to conform to the Heckscher-Ohlin models expectations. That is, the developing countries tend to export labor-intensive goods,
such as textiles, and import capital-intensive goods such as machinery. The volume
however is quite lower than what would be expected from the Neoclassical model.
There are many possible reasons, such as financial crises necessitating premia in the
financing of this trade.
6. It has been argued that even if intra-European Union labor mobility were to be completely
removed, one should not expect to observe massive, or even large reallocations of populations
with the . Discuss
Answer: Theoretically, just as completely free trade consistent with Heckscher-Ohlin model (with no complete specialization) is associated with factor price equalization; so does
completely free labor mobility. It therefore follows that if intra . trade flourishes, as any
restraints on trade there are abolished, the economic incentive for labor mobility will be
removed. Since language and cultural differences remain, we would expect populations
to tend to stay where they are.
?Quantitative/Graphing Problems
1. In Home and Foreign there are two factors of production, land and labor, used to produce only
one good. The land supply in each country and the technology of production are exactly the same.
The marginal product of labor in each country depends on employment as follows:
Number of Workers Employed Marginal Product of Last Worker
1 30
2 29
3 28
4 27
5 26
6 25
7 24
8 23
9 22
10 21
11 20
Initially there are 11 workers employed in Home but only 3 workers in Foreign. Find the effect of free movement of labor from the high wage to the low wage country. When such economic
migration ceases, what will be the levels of production, real wages and the income of landowners in each country
Answer: The total production in the world will increase, since the addition to production (the marginal product of labor) in the target country is larger for each worker than the loss
of production (also the marginal product of workers) in the emigration country. The
real wages will rise in the emigration country and fall in the immigration country.
Landlord incomes will rise in the immigration country and fall in the emigration
country.
2. Suppose Australia, a land (K)-abundant country and Sri-Lanka, a labor(L)-abundant country both
produce labor and land intensive goods with the same technology. Following the logic of the
Heckscher-Ohlin model from Chapter 4, what will be the incentive for migration once trade is established between these two countries Now, suppose that a tariff by one country creates an
incentive for labor migration. From which country to which country will be the migration Explain how you arrived at your answer.
Answer: Once trade is established, there is no longer any incentive for (economic-based) immigration, since the real wages will be equalized in both. If a tariff is established in
Australia, then the price of the labor intensive good will be higher in Australia, as will
be the marginal product of labor and hence the real wage of workers there. Hence,
workers will immigrate from Sri-Lanka to Australia until the two domestic prices are
equalized.
3. Use the diagram below derived from Figure 4-4 to identify the pre-trade situation for Australia
and Sri-Lanka, as discussed in question 2 above. Where on the K/L axis will you find each of the two countries Which of the two countries has a higher relative wage, w/r Which product is the labor intensive, and which is the land intensive one Show where the relative price of cloth to food will be found once trade opens between these two countries. Show where the relative wages of each will appear.
Answer: You will find Sri-Lanka to the left of Australia on the K/L axis.
Australia has a higher relative wage.
Food is the land intensive product.
The relative price P C/P F is found between the two autarkic prices.
The post trade relative wage is between the two autarkic ones on the vertical axis.
4. Using the figure above from question 3, demonstrate what happens to the composition of
production (that is quantity of cloth per 1 unit of food) in Australia once trade is established
between the two countries. Which country will export cloth What happens to the relative income of workers in Australia as a result of trade Does it increase or decrease Would land owners in Australia lobby for or against free trade Would land owners in Australia lobby for or against free admittance of immigrant workers
Answer: The proportion of food to cloth will increase in the production of Australia Sri Lanka will export cloth. The relative (and real) incomes of workers will fall in Australia as a
result of trade. Land Owners in Australia should lobby in favor of trade. They would
also lobby for free labor mobility (of workers into Australia), since the marginal
product of labor is high, the owners of land have much (Ricardian) rents to gain from
an inflow of workers.
5. Imagine that the relative capital abundance of Australia was so much greater than that of Sri-
Lanka, that we would have to locate Australia far to the right on the K/L axis. If this were so far to the right that there was no area of overlap on the w/r axis, then what product would Australia export Is this answer different from that in question 4 above Will the relative wages as calculated now be the same or different from those calculated in question 4
Answer: Australia would still export food, which is the same as in question 4. As a result of trade, wages will fall in Australia and will rise in Sri-Lanka. However, in this case, the
wages in Australia will remain higher than in Sri-Lanka, creating an incentive for
migration from the latter to the former country.
《国际经济学》课程标准
《国际经济学》课程标准 第一部分前言 课程代码：H0201114 课程名称：国际经济学 标准学时：56 课程类型：理论课 《国际经济学》以经济学的一般理论为基础，研究国际经济活动和国际经济关系，是一般经济理论在国际经济活动范围中的应用与延伸，是经济学体系的有机组成部分。主要研究对象有国际贸易理论与政策、国际收支理论、汇率理论、要素的国际流动、国际投资理论、开放的宏观经济均衡等。它是国家教育部财经类和管理类专业的核心课程之一，与其关系较大的学科和课程有国际贸易、国际金融等。 本课程标准在教学大纲的基础上制订，具体反映了本课程每一章节的知识点和能力要求，贯彻了教学互动教学法，体现出能力与知识并重，学以致用的教学理念。 一、课程的性质与作用 《国际经济学》以国际经济关系为研究对象，它主要探讨各国之间商品、服务的交换和国际间资本、劳动力的流动的动因和影响，以及各种国际交易活动所引起的国际收支问题。在内容体系上，国际经济学包括微观部分和宏观部分，这两大部分在名称上通常又分别被称为国际贸易理论和国际金融理论。 通过本课程的教学，使学生对国际经济学的整体体系有一个明确的把握，并做到理论与实践相结合，提高学生的理论基础和应用能力，培养学生综合分析问题、解决问题的能力。特别是对那些日后将从事对外经济活动的学生，希望通过本课程的教学，能不同程度地提高他们的实际工作能力，为我国对外开放的进一步发展服务。 国际经济学的基本内容包括：国际贸易理论与政策、国际收支理论、汇率理论、要素的国际流动、国际投资理论、开发那个的宏观经济均衡、国际经济一体化与国际经济秩序。
二、课程基本理念 1. 理论联系实际 本课程在教学过程中既注重扎实的理论基础，又强调理论紧密联系实际，这是《国际经济学》课程一贯坚持的教学理念和特色。《国际经济学》不拘泥于国际贸易、国际金融的纯理论分析，而且一直关注国际经济的新现象、新问题，积极探讨国际经济发展的规律和解决问题的对策，特别是要求将西方经济理论与我国对外开放实践相结合。在课堂教学过程中，经常运用中国案例来阐释相关理论，如人民币汇率变动、亚洲金融危机对中国对外贸易的影响、中美贸易摩擦、中国与世界贸易组织的关系等，这些案例使得《国际经济学》课程具有更强的活力。 2．尊重个体差异，注重过程评价，促进学生发展 本课程在教学过程中，倡导自主学习，启发学生积极思考、分析，鼓励多元思维方式，并将其表达出来，尊重个体差异；建立能激励学生学习兴趣和自主学习能力发展的评价体系。该体系由形成性评价和终结性评价构成。在教学过程中应以形成性评价为主，注重培养和激发学生的学习积极性和自信心。终结性评价应注重检测学生的知识应用能力。评价要有利于促进学生的知识应用能力和健康人格的发展。建立以过程培养促进个体发展，以学生可持续发展能力评价教学过程的双向促进机制，以激发兴趣、发展心智和提高素质为基本理念。 三、课程的设计思路 1. 完善体系，使结构更完整，表述更明确 本课程标准主要由以下几个部分组成：前言、课程目标、内容标准、实施建议等。它们分别阐述该门课程改革的背景、课程性质、课程的基本理念和课程标注的设计思路;课程的总目标与阶段目标；内容说明和内容标准；教学建议、评价建议、课程资源的开发与利用、建材编写建议。 2. 设计依据与原则 本课程标准的总体设计依据：紧紧围绕完成工作任务的需要来选择课程内容；以学生求知需求为导向，改变“以本为本”的教学现象，以“现实经济案例”为主线，创设工作情景，培养学生的实践能力；同时，注重教学内容的学术性、前沿性和探究性，注重培养学生学术兴趣和科学精神；注重教学内容的适用性，将理论与实践联系起来，提高学生的职业技能水平。 本课程标准应以国际贸易专业学生的就业为导向，根据行业专家对经管类专业所涵盖的岗位群进行的任务与职业能力分析，以本专业共同具备的岗位能力为依据，遵
国际经济学作业答案第一章
Chapter 1 Introduction Multiple Choice Questions Historians of economic thought often describe ___________ written by _______ and published in __________ as the first real exposition of an economic model. “Of the Balance of Trade,” David Hume, 1776 “Wealth of Nations,” David Hume, 1758 “Wealth of Nations,” Adam Smith, 1758 “Wealth of Nations,” Adam Smith, 1776 “Of the Balance of Trade,” David Hume, 1758 Answer: E From 1959 to 2000, the U.S. economy roughly tripled in size. U.S. imports roughly tripled in size. the share of US Trade in the economy roughly tripled in size. U.S. Imports roughly tripled as compared to U.S. exports. U.S. exports roughly tripled in size. Answer: C The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries because the United States is a relatively large country. the United States is a “Superpower.” the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything. the United States invests in many other countries. many countries invest in the United States. Answer: A Ancient theories of international economics from the 18th and 19th Centuries are: not relevant to current policy analysis. are only of moderate relevance in today’s modern international economy. are highly relevant in today’s modern internationa l economy. are the only theories that actually relevant to modern international economy. are not well understood by modern mathematically oriented theorists. Answer: C
国际经济学课后答案解析
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国际经济学作业答案
C h a p t e r7I n t e r n a t i o n a l F a c t o r M o v e m e n t s Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following differs in its essential analytical framework (a) I nternational trade in goods (b) I nternational conflict resolution (c) I nternational trade in services (d) I nternational trade in factors of production (e) I nternational borrowing and lending Answer: B 2. The slope of the production function measures (a) t he physical increase in output as country grows. (b) t he dollar-value increase in output as a country grows. (c) t he increase in number of workers as immigration proceeds. (d) t he marginal product of labor. (e) t he marginal product of capital.
Answer: D 3. International free labor mobility will under all circumstances (a) i ncrease total world output. (b) i mprove the economic welfare of everyone. (c) i mprove the economic welfare of workers everywhere. (d) i mprove the economic welfare of landlords (or capital owners) everywhere. (e) N one of the above. Answer: E 4. If the world attained a perfect Heckscher-Ohlin model equilibrium with trade, then (a) w orkers in the labor abundant country would migrate to the capital abundant country. (b) w orkers in the labor abundant country would wish to migrate to the capital abundant country. (c) w orkers in the labor abundant country would have no desire to migrate to the capital abundant country.
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金融学基础知识
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克鲁格曼国际经济学课后答案英语版
克鲁格曼国际经济学课 后答案英语版 Company Document number：WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT
C H A P T E R 2 LABOR PRODUCTIVITY AN D COMPARATIV E ADVANTAGE: THE RICARDIAN MODEL ANSWERS TO TEXTBOOK PROBLEMS 1. a. The production possibility curve is a straight line that intercepts the apple axis at 400 (1200/3) and the banana axis at 600 (1200/2). b. The opportunity cost of apples in terms of bananas is 3/2. It takes three units of labor to harvest an apple but only two units of labor to harvest a banana. If one foregoes harvesting an apple, this frees up three units of labor. These 3 units of labor could then be used to harvest bananas. c. Labor mobility ensures a common wage in each sector and competition ensures the price of goods equals their cost of production. Thus, the relative price equals the relative costs, which equals the wage times the unit labor requirement for apples divided by the wage times the unit labor requirement for bananas. Since wages are equal across sectors, the price ratio equals the ratio of the unit labor requirement, which is 3 apples per 2 bananas. 2. a. The production possibility curve is linear, with the intercept on the apple axis equal to 160 (800/5) and the intercept on the banana axis equal to 800 (800/1). b. The world relative supply curve is constructed by determining the supply of apples relative to the supply of bananas at each relative price. The lowest relative price at which apples are harvested is 3 apples per 2 bananas. The relative supply curve is flat at this price. The maximum number of apples supplied at the price of 3/2 is 400 supplied by Home while, at this price, Foreign harvests 800 bananas and no apples, giving a maximum relative supply at this price of 1/2. This relative supply holds for any price between 3/2 and 5. At the price of 5, both countries would harvest apples. The relative supply curve is again flat at 5. Thus, the relative supply curve is step shaped, flat at the price 3/2 from the relative supply of 0 to 1/2, vertical at the relative quantity 1/2 rising from 3/2 to 5, and then flat again from 1/2 to infinity. 3. a. The relative demand curve includes the points (1/5, 5), (1/2, 2), (1,1), (2,1/2). b. The equilibrium relative price of apples is found at the intersection of the relative demand and relative supply curves. This is the point (1/2, 2), where the relative demand curve intersects the vertical section of the relative supply curve. Thus the equilibrium relative price is 2. c. Home produces only apples, Foreign produces only bananas, and each country trades some of its product for the product of the other country. d. In the absence of trade, Home could gain three bananas by foregoing two apples, and Foreign could gain by one apple foregoing five bananas. Trade allows each country to trade two bananas for one apple. Home could then gain four bananas by foregoing two apples while Foreign could gain one apple by foregoing only two bananas. Each country is better off with trade. 4. The increase in the number of workers at Home shifts out the relative supply schedule such that the corner points are at (1, 3/2) and (1, 5) instead of (1/2, 3/2) and (1/2, 5). The intersection of the relative demand and relative supply curves is now in the lower horizontal section, at the point (2/3, 3/2). In this case, Foreign still gains from trade but the opportunity cost of bananas in terms of apples for Home is the same whether or not there is trade, so Home neither gains nor loses from trade.
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《国际金融学》学习指南 国际金融学是研究国际间货币金融关系的一门经济类专业核心课程。通过该课程的学习使学生能够掌握国际金融的基础知识、基本理论和基本技能，提高对开放经济的认识，理解一国内部均衡与外部均衡的相互关系，系统而扎实地掌握国际收支、外汇与汇率、汇率制度和外汇管制、国际储备、国际金融市场、国际资本流动、国际货币体系等基本理论和基本原理；掌握国际投融资、外汇交易的基本技能以及防范外汇风险的技巧；了解我国涉外金融工作的方针、政策和法规。在此基础上，引导学生进一步学习国际金融的前沿理论，力争把握当今国际金融发展的前沿走势，为将来进一步深入研究国际金融问题奠定基础。通过国际金融的整个教学过程逐渐培养学生分析问题、解决实际问题的能力，为进一步学习其他经济、金融类专业课程打好基础。 一、了解与本门课程有关的学习资源 1.文字教材。文字教材能系统展示本课程的教学内容，是学生学习不可缺少的学习资料，不论是课堂学习，还是自学，都需要文字教材，因此可以多阅读课本以外的国际金融教材，重点可参考： [1]马君潞，陈平，范小云.国际金融.北京：高等教育出版社，2011.[2]张礼卿.国际金融.北京：高等教育出版社，2011. [3 ]杨长江，姜波克.国际金融学（第3版）.北京：高等教育出版社，2008.[4]（美）托马斯.A.普格尔(Thomas A.Pugel).国际金融(第14版) .北京：中国人民大学出版社, 2009. [5]保罗·克鲁格曼.国际经济学.北京：中国人民大学出版社,1998. 2.课程网站。湖南大学精品课程网站提供了较为完整的学习资源，主要包括讲义、学习课件、教学录像、习题库、案例库、实训项目等，可以帮助学生自学与自我检测学习效果。 3.其他网站。各种金融学习网站与财经类新闻，及时掌握市场的金融动态，大量阅读金融时评，并逐步尝试将课本所学运用到现实生活中，试图解答现实中的金融问题，并了解目前的金融市场。
“国际经济学”课程教学大纲
“国际经济学”课程教学大纲 教研室主任：任洲鸿执笔人：梁军 一、课程基本信息 开课单位：经济学院 课程名称：国际经济学 课程编号：202005 英文名称：International Economics 课程类型：专业基础课 总学时：72 理论学时：72 实验学时：0 学分：4 开设专业：经济学 先修课程：无 二、课程任务目标 （一）课程任务 本课程是经济学和国际经济与贸易类专业本科生的专业基础课，在人才培养方案中占有非常重要的地位。学生通过学习该课程，应掌握国际经济学的基本原理，能够分析经济全球化发展中的国际经济关系基本现象，掌握国际经济学研究的基本方法和思路，并为深入学习其它经济学课程打好基础。 （二）课程目标 在学完本课程之后，学生能够： 1.掌握国际经济学的基本知识和基本分析方法。 2.系统理解国际贸易、国际金融和国际投资等国际经济活动的经济学动因与影响，以及各种国际经济政策的经济效应。 3.对当代我国的涉外经济活动的基本内容和发展趋势有全面、系统的了解，并能结合实际分析与应用，为其它相关课程的学习和工作奠定基础。 三、教学内容和要求 第一章国际经济学概述 本章为国际经济学的概述部分，主要介绍国际经济学这门学科的研究对象、国际经济理论的基本发展脉络及本书的基本框架设计。
第一节国际经济学的研究对象与基本特征 第二节国际经济理论的发展脉络 第三节本书的基本框架 1.基本要求 了解国际经济学的相关概念，掌握国际经济理论发展的基本脉络。。 2.本章重点：国际经济学的定义与基本特征。 3.本章难点：国际经济理论的发展脉络及其推动因素。 第二章古典贸易理论 本章在介绍古典贸易理论演变的基础上，重点分析李嘉图的比较优势理论，以及比较优势理论的拓展。 第一节古典贸易理论的演变 第二节李嘉图模型 第三节比较优势理论的拓展 1.基本要求：理解古典贸易理论的各种学说和观点，了解各种学说的不足和贡献，能够科学的对古典贸易理论的各种学说进行比较。 2.本章重点：李嘉图的比较优势理论的基本内容。 3.本章难点：掌握比较优势概念的内涵，运用比较优势理论分析发展中国家的国际贸易活动。 第三章新古典贸易理论 本章重点分析新古典贸易理论的基础——要素禀赋理论，并介绍要素禀赋理论的拓展和验证。 第一节要素禀赋理论 第二节要素禀赋理论的推论与拓展 第三节要素禀赋理论的验证 1.基本要求：了解要素禀赋、要素密集度等概念，掌握要素禀赋理论的基本内容，能够运用要素禀赋理论及其推论分析当前国际贸易现象及其利益所在。 2.本章重点：要素禀赋理论的论述及其拓展理论的主要内容。 3.本章难点：要素禀赋论的核心理论与里昂惕夫之谜的理论解释。 第四章新贸易理论 本章主要介绍新贸易理论的几种重要模型：基于外部规模经济的贸易模型、基于差异产品的产业内贸易模型、基于寡头垄断的产业内贸易模型，着重分析产业内贸易的动因和影响。 第一节基于外部规模经济的贸易理论 第二节基于差异产品的产业内贸易理论
(完整版)国际经济学课后习题答案
这是我在网上找的，大多数题目都有，朋友们可以参考一下！有一点不确定的是G—L指数，大家再上网查看看，是乘100还是乘1？希望可以给你们帮助，预祝大家顺利通过！ 第二章古典国际贸易理论 在古典贸易模型中，假设A国有120名劳动力，B国有50名劳动力，如果生产棉花的话，A国的人均产量是2吨，B国也是2吨；要是生产大米的话，A国的人均产量是10吨，B国则是16吨。画出两国的生产可能性曲线并分析两国中哪一国拥有生产大米的绝对优势？哪一国拥有生产大米的比较优势？ 思路：B国由于每人能生产16吨大米，而A国每人仅生产10吨大米，所以B国具有生产大米的绝对优势。 从两国生产可能性曲线看出A国生产大米的机会成本为0.2，而B国为0.125，所以B国生产大米的机会成本或相对成本低于A国，B国生产大米具有比较优势。 1.下表列出了加拿大和中国生产1单位计算机和1单位小麦所需的劳动时间。 假定生产计算机和小麦都只用劳动，加拿大的总劳动为600小时，中国总劳动为800小时。 （1）计算不发生贸易时各国生产计算机的机会成本。 （2）哪个国家具有生产计算机的比较优势？哪个国家具有生产小麦的比较优势？ （3）如果给定世界价格是1单位计算机交换22单位的小麦，加拿大参与贸易可以从每单位的进口中节省多少劳动时间？中国可以从每单位进口中节省多少劳动时间？如果给定世界价格是1单位计算机交换24单位的小麦，加拿大和中国分别可以从进口每单位的货物中节省多少劳动时间？ （4）在自由贸易的情况下，各国应生产什么产品，数量是多少？整个世界的福利水平是提高还是降低了？试用图分析。（以效用水平来衡量福利水平）思路： （1）中国生产计算机的机会成本为100/4=25，加拿大为60/3=20
国际经济学知识点考试梳理
国际经济学知识点考试版梳理
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国际经济学（第三版）知识点梳理 【考试版】整理者：李登卫
第一章 一．名词解释 国际经济学：国际经济学是研究稀缺资源在世界范围内的最优分配以及在此过程中发生的经济活动和经济关系的科学 二．问答题 1.国际经济学的特点： ○1国际经济学研究以独立国家或行政区域为单位的跨国界的资源分配 ○2国际经济学不同于区域经济学 ○3国际经济学理论实施的选择带有明显的民族性 ○4国际经济交易是经过不同货币媒介的折算后进行的 ○5国际经济学建立在徽观经济学与宏观经济学基础之上 ○6国际经济学是西方经济学理论基础之上的世界经济概论 2.学习国际经济学的意义 ○1掌握开放的市场经济条件下的经济运行的一般理论和政策 ○2有助于把握国际经济现象 ○3有助于理解国外企业和国家制定的经营战略和对外经济政策 ○4为我国经济的改革开放服务 第二章 一．名词解释 1.国际贸易：指不同国家或地区之间的商品和劳务的交换活动 2.商品的名义价格和相对价格：名义价格以某些货币表示的，未经过通货膨胀的调整的价格；相对价格是商品之间价格关系的动态反映，专指两种或多种商品之间由供给与需求作用所形成的价格比例关系 3.机会成本：机会成本是指为生产一单位某一产品所必须放弃的其他产品的生产数量 4.要素禀赋：指一国拥有各种生产要素的数量 5.要素密集度：是指在生产一定产量的某种产品时，两种生产要素投入的比例 二．问答题 1.国际贸易要回答的三个基本问题是什么？ ○1国际贸易的原因 ○2国际贸易的结构 ○3国际贸易的利益分配 2.简述亚当斯密的绝对优势理论 答：绝对优势理论又称绝对成本说，所谓绝对成本，是指某两个国家之间生产某种产品的劳动成本的绝对差异，即一个国家所耗费的劳动成本绝对低于另一个国家。亚当斯密的绝对成本说主要阐明了如下内容： ○1分工可以提高劳动生产率，增加国民财富 ○2分工的原则是成本的绝对优势或绝对利益 ○3国际分工是各种形式分工中的最高阶段，在国际分工基础上开展国际贸易对各国都会产生良好的效果 ○4国际分工的基础是有利的自然禀赋或后天的有利条件 3.简述大卫李嘉图的比较优势理论 答：国际贸易的基础是生产技术的相对差别，而非绝对差别，以及由此产生的相对成本差别。
国际经济学教学大纲
《国际经济学》课程教学大纲 一、课程的性质与任务 《国际经济学》是国际经济与贸易专业的学科基础课。《国际经济学》是以经济学的一般理论为基础，研究国际经济活动和国际经济关系，是一般经济理论在国际经济活动范围中的应用与延伸。 通过对《国际经济学》课程的学习，要求学生了解我国的国际贸易进程及国际贸易政策，掌握国际贸易的基本原理，如比较优势原理、要素禀赋理论、贸易保护的原因和形式、国际要素流动理论等。掌握国际金融和开放宏观经济学理论。包括国际收支、外汇与外汇市场、汇率的决定、国际收支调整理论等。通过对本课程的学习，使学生对国际经济学的整体体系有一个明确的把握，提高学生的理论基础和应用能力，培养学生综合分析问题、解决问题的能力。《国际经济学》的学习为完成国际经济与贸易和其他经济类专业各相关课程学习打下必要的基础。 第一章：国际贸易理论的微观基础学时数：2学时 1.本章教学目标
学生通过本章的学习，使学生了解生产可能性曲线边界上点的含义，完全竞争条件下生产者均衡；熟悉在封闭和开放条件下均衡表达式及其图示；了解国际贸易整体利益，将利益分解成消费利益和生产利益，掌握用生产可能性曲线和社会无差异曲线分析国际贸易均衡的能力。 2.本章教学基本要求 知识：了解际贸易整体利益，将利益分解成消费利益和生产利益，理解完全竞争条件下生产者均衡，掌握生产可能性曲线边界上点的含义，完全竞争条件下生产者均衡，在封闭和开放条件下均衡表达式及其图示。 能力：能够根据生产可能性曲线划分国际贸易利益。 3.本章教学重点 （1）生产可能性边界与供给； （2）消费者偏好与社会无差异曲线； （3）一般均衡分析。 4.本章教学难点 （1）生产可能性边界与供给； （2）一般均衡分析。 5.教学内容安排 第一节：生产可能性曲线和社会无差异曲线 （一）生产可能性曲线 （二）社会无差异曲线 第二节：封闭与开放条件下的一般均衡 （一）封闭条件下的一般均衡 （二）开放条件下的一般均衡 第三节：国际贸易利益的衡量和分解 （一）贸易条件,消费利益和生产利益 （二）生产者剩余与消费者剩余 第二章：古典的国际贸易理论学时数：4学时 1.本章教学目标 学生通过本章的学习，要求学生了解比较利益理论的发展过程，掌握重商主义的基本思想及绝对优势理论、比较优势理论、机会成本理论基本内容及其评价，学会用图形说明在机会成本不变条件下的贸易基础和贸易所得的能力。 2.本章教学基本要求 知识：了解比较利益理论的发展过程，理解重商主义的基本思想及绝对优势理论、比较优势理论、机会成本理论的基本内容及其评价，能够用图形说明的机会成本不变条件下的贸易基础和贸易所得。 能力：能够深入了解重商主义产生的背景，以及比较优势理论对绝对优势理论的发展，能够对现实中两个国家的交易通过比较优势或者绝对优势分析。 素质：分小组讨论亚当斯密的绝对优势和李嘉图的比较优势。 3.本章教学重点 （1）比较优势理论的内容； （2）比较优势理论的评价。 4.本章教学难点 （1）用图形说明的机会成本不变条件下的贸易基础和贸易所得；
李坤望国际经济学课后习题答案
第一章 1．为什么说在决定生产和消费时，相对价格比绝对价格更重要? 答案提示：当生产处于生产边界线上，资源则得到了充分利用，这时，要想增加某一产品的生产，必须降低另一产品的生产，也就是说，增加某一产品的生产是有机会机本（或社会成本）的。生产可能性边界上任何一点都表示生产效率和充分就业得以实现，但究竟选择哪一点，则还要看两个商品的相对价格，即它们在市场上的交换比率。相对价格等于机会成本时，生产点在生产可能性边界上的位置也就确定了。所以，在决定生产和消费时，相对价格比绝对价格更重要 2．仿效图1—6和图1—7，试推导出Y 商品的国民供给曲线和国民需求曲线。 答：参见教材第一章第二节内容，将图1－6a 中，以横坐标表示y 商品的供给，以纵坐 标表示x商品供给，得出相应生产可能性边界线，然后将图1-6b中，以横坐标表示y商品 供给，以纵坐标表示y的相对价格，通过类似推导可得出国民供给曲线，国民需求曲线作类 似推导可得。 3．在只有两种商品的情况下，当一个商品达到均衡时，另外一个商品是否也同时达到均衡? 答：两种商品同时达到均衡。一种商品均衡时，由其相对价格，机会成本，需求可知另一种商品得相对价格，机会成本和需求。 4．如果生产可能性边界是一条直线，试确定过剩供给（或需求）曲线。 答案提示：略，参见书上 5．如果改用Y 商品的过剩供给曲线（B 国）和过剩需求曲线（A 国）来确定国际均衡价格，那么所得出的结果与图1—13 中的结果是否一致? 答案提示：国际均衡价格将依旧处于贸易前两国相对价格的中间某点。 6．说明贸易条件变化如何影响国际贸易利益在两国间的分配。 答案提示：一国出口产品价格的相对上升意味着此国可以用较少的出口换得较多的进口产品，有利于此国贸易利益的获得，不过，出口价格上升将不利于出口数量的增加，有损于出口国的贸易利益；与此类似，出口商品价格的下降有利于出口商品数量的增加，但是这意味着此国用较多的出口换得较少的进口产品。对于进口国来讲， 贸易条件变化对国际贸易利益的影响是相反的。 7．如果国际贸易发生在一个大国和一个小国之间，那么贸易后，国际相对价格更接近于哪一个国家在封闭下的相对价格水平? 答案提示：贸易后，国际相对价格将更接近于大国在封闭下的相对价格水平。因为大国是国际价格制定者，小国是价格接受者