排比在英语演讲中的修辞作用——奥巴马获胜演讲个案分析

排比在英语演讲中的修辞作用

——奥巴马获胜演讲个案分析

摘要演讲是修辞的最旱来源，两者关系密切．修辞手法是修辞学研究的重要内容，也是

演讲中常用的语言技巧．排比是英语演讲中是最常见的修辞手法．本文以美国总统当选人奥巴马的荻胜演讲为例，分析了排比在其中的运用及其修辞作用，以期对修辞教学和英语演讲有一定的借鉴作用．

关键词修辞排比英语演讲

西方修辞学的发展史表明，演讲是修辞的最早来源(Herrick，2001)．古典修辞理论认为，“修辞学就是研究演说的技巧”(何晓勤，2004)．修辞和演讲密不可分．演讲是一门劝说的艺术。演讲者要达到劝说的目的，就必须讲究演讲词的语言表达技巧，这种技巧在语言层面的体现之一就是修辞手法的运用。【排比是英语演讲中最常见的侈辞手法。国内学者对于排比的修辞效果给予了充分的肯定。“排比是英语所有修辞格中最常使用的修辞格之一。任何学会使用并能驾驭{|比及其变化的人都会发现排比可使演讲条理清楚，效果显著，具

有难以衡量的价值”(张秀国．2005)．鉴于排比在英语演讲中的重要性，我们试图以美国新当选总统奥巴马的获胜演讲为例，来探讨排比在这篇演讲中的修辞效果．本研究目的在于给英语演讲和修辞教学一些启示．

一、英语演讲中的排比

“排比”在英语中的对应词为parallelism，是指“为了达到修辞效果而循环出现的、句法相似的结构(recurrent syntactical similarities introduced for rhetorical effect”(Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary,1977：s3D．英语排比具有结构整齐，节奏鲜明，语言简练等特点．在英语演讲中运用捧比旬，可以增加演讲词的节奏感和音韵美，突出演讲者雄辩口才和强烈感情，增强演讲语言的气势，提高演讲的说服力和欣赏性．

二、奥巴马获胜演讲个案分析

(一)背景介绍

奥巴马于2008年11月4日当选为美国总统。并于当晚发表了获胜演讲．这次演讲富有很强的号召力和感染力，唤起了民众战胜金融危机的信心和勇气。现场的无数观众被感动得热泪盈眶．据CNN报道。，有语言学家称，“总统当选人巴拉克·奥巴马当晚发表的获胜演说可与很多史上著名演讲相比．”奥巴马称得上是一位杰出的演说家，在多次演讲中，他都娴熟地运用了各种修辞技巧。我们可以说，“舆巴马的胜利是修辞学的胜利”(梁文道，2008)．

(二）排比在奥巴马获胜演讲中的运用

奥巴马在他的获胜演讲中熟练地运用了一系列的修辞方法，如捧比，对比，反复，对仗，引用等，其中捧比的使用次数最多．下面我们就以捧比结构在奥巴马获胜演讲(Barak Obam's Victory Speech)。中的位置。选取了四个代表性的例子，来讨论其修辞效果。

(1)从句开头的排比

If there is anyone out there whostill doubts that America is a place when

all things are possible，who still wonders if the dream ofour founders is alive in our time，who still questions the power ofout democracy,tonight is your answer．这三个排比组合句是臭巴马获胜演讲的开场白。奥巴马用自己胜选的事实回答了某些人对“美国是否凡事都有可能，美国奠基者的梦想是否依然鲜活，美国民主制度的力量”的质疑．通过这三个摔比旬，奥巴马言简意赅地表达了他获胜的意义：显示出“美国梦”的独特性和普遍价值，肯定他的获胜是对美国政治文化传统的继承而不是背离．

(2)排比结构用在段首

It’s the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen by people who waited three hours and four hours，Many for the first time in their lives，Because they believed that this time must be different，And their voice could be that difference.

It’s the answer spoken by young and old，rich and poor，democrat and republican，black, white,, Hispanic Asian native American ,gay ,straight，disabled and not disabled，American who sent a message to the world that we have never been just a collection of individuals or a collection of red states and blue states, we are , and always will be the united states of American.

It's the answer that led those who've been told for so long by so many to be cynical and fearful and doubtful about what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day

首先，在前两个位于段首的排比句群中，奥巴马强调他是“设在学校和教堂的投票站前排起的前所未见的长队”．是“等了三四个小时的选民”，是。所有美国人民”共同选举出来的总统．他重申了自己当选总统是合法的，是由美国人民通过民主方式选举出来的．第三个拌比句群在意义上是对前两个排比句群的总结和升华．奥巴马呼吁美国人民要对美国的未来有信心，同时暗示作为新一任的总统，他会继承美国的历史传统，让“美国梦”延续．这三个排比句群的使用，增强了演讲的气势，有力地回击了那些对奥巴马获胜原因存在质疑的人，同时向听众作出了有力的保证，调动了听众的积极性，激发了听众的自信心．

(3)介词短语的排比

To those who would tear the world down ,we will defeat you；To those who seek peace and security ,we support you;And to all those who have wondered if America‘s beacon still burns as bright ,tonight we proved once more that the true strength of our nation comes not from the might of our arms or the scale of our wealth，but from the enduring power of our ideals ,democracy ,liberty , and unyielding hope.

介词短语To those的反复出现，明确了要击败和支持的对象，语气强烈，一针见血．这既是对恐怖分子敲警钟，又给予了爱好和平的人们奋斗的力量。同时，向那些怀疑美国能

否继续照亮世界发展前景的人们证明。美国真正的力量来自于这个国家的理想：民主、自由、机会和不屈的希望．排比结构的出现突出了强调的内容，语言气势逼人，具有强大的震撼力。

(4)段尾的排比

And tonight ,I think about all that she’s seen throughout her century in American，the heartache and hope ,the struggle and the progress，the times we were told that we can’t and the people who pressed on with that American creed ,yes we can，at a time when women’s voice were silenced and their hopes dismissed ,she lived to see the stand up and speak out and reach for

the ballot , yes ,we can.

When there was despair in the dust bowl and depression across the land，she saw a nation conquer fear itself with a new deal ,new jobs ,a new sense of common purpose ,yes we can, when the bombs fell on our harbor and tyranny threatened the world ,she was there to witness a generation rise to greatness and a democracy was saved，yes we can.

She was there for the buses in Montgomery，the hoses in Birmingham ,a bridge in Selma , and a preacher from Atlanta who told a people that“we shall overcome”,yes ,we can.

A man touched down on the moon ,a wall came down in berlin ,a world was connected by our own science and imaginationAnd this year ,in this election，she touched her finger to a screen ,and cast her vote ,because after106years in American，through the best of times and darkest of hours ,she knows how America can change，yes ,we can.

在这里奥巴马以一个106岁的老妇人参加投票为例，运用了一系列的捧比来烘托现场气氛，具有很强的说服力和感染力。连续4个“她看到了?8943 .”(she’S seen，she lived to see，she saw,she WaS there to witness)和6个“是的，我们能”(Yes We can)，强调美国能达成正义和平等，能获得机遇和繁荣能治愈这个国家，能补救这个世界，强调美国能发生变革I这种以具体的人物、事例和具体的生活场景为主体构成的捧比语段，真正达到了提高语言表现力的目。这几段出现在演讲末尾的捧比具有捧山倒海的气势，具有强大的煽动性，把整个演讲再次推向了高潮。在整个获胜演讲当中，通过捧比，奥巴马将有魅力的句子集中，演讲节奏分明，气氛被推向一阵阵的高潮，演讲大为增色．这些捧比的运用，创造了演讲中的个个亮点，气势磅礴，使听众的情感受到一次次的震荡．

三、结语

演讲的目的在于说服听众，赢得听众的赞同和支持。排比具有均衡的语言结构，能增强语言的气势美和节奏感，突出强调的内容，因而在英语演讲中。常被演讲者用来吸引听众，激发听众的情绪，使演讲的主题得到升华。奥巴马这篇获胜演讲中排比修辞手法的运用．成功的达到了说服听众的目的．

注释：

①CNN报道网址

http:// https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5e199379.html,／2008／POLITICS /11/06/obama．speech analysis/．

②奥巴马获胜演讲英文原文罔址：

http：//edition https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5e199379.html,／2008／POLITICS/l1／04／obama transcript/index .html．作者◎方芳 (江西财经大学外国语学院江西·南昌330013)

◆考文献：

【1】Hernck，James A The history and Theory of Rhetoric：An IntroductiOn(2nd ed．)Boswn：Allyn&Bacon．2001

【2】Webster’New Collegiate Dictionary G&C Mernam Company Sp6ngfield,Massa chuscttes，USA 1977．

【 3 】何晓勤演讲·劝说·诉诸·语篇外语与外语教学．2004．(11)

14l粱文道奥巴马的胜利是修辞学的胜利南方周末，2008

【5l张秀田．英语铬辞学．北京：：}青华大学出版杜．20(}5．

奥巴马就职演讲稿修辞简析

奥巴马就职演讲稿修辞简析 Summary: 总统大多在美国历史上占有特殊地位，其演说亦各具特色。作为美国的第四十四任总统句子结构，巴洛克.奥巴马就任之际正逢全国性的经济危机，其就职演说不可避免的也会起到表达这位新晋总统的政治思想和增加公众对于政府的信心的作用。本文将从修辞手段的运用，句子类型以及宗教 特色等多方面就这篇就职演说词的语言特色进行分析。 Key words: Repetition, Parallelism, Figures of similarity,Figures of Contrast Introduction: 一、Repetition 反复 Repetition is an important figure of speech. It usually repeats the same word, phrase, and sentence to intensify the mood, emphasize the ideas, and show the strong feelings. It’s used widely in poetry, prose, novel, speech etc. In the daily life, we also often use it. E.g.: 1.But above all, I will never forget who this victory truly belongs to. It belongs to you. It belongs to you . 2.Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real.They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or ina short span of time. But know this, America, they will be met. 3.This is the price and the promise of citizenship. This is the source of our confidence -- the knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny. This is the meaning of our liberty and our creed 在奥巴马的就职演说词中，有多个词如“危机”等被反复使用。具体分析如下：

(完美精华版)奥巴马演讲中英文对照

On this Memorial Day, as our nation honors its unbroken line of fallen heroes, our sense of patriotism is particularly strong. Because while we gather here under open skies, we know that far beyond the Organ Mountains – in the streets of Baghdad, and the outskirts of Kabul – America's sons and daughters are sacrificing on our behalf. And our thoughts and prayers are with them. I speak to you today with deep humility. My grandfather marched in Patton's Army, but I cannot know what it is to walk into battle like so many of you. My grandmother worked on a bomber assembly line, but I cannot know what it is for a family to sacrifice like so many of yours have. I am the father of two young girls, and I cannot imagine what it is to lose a child. My heart breaks for the families who've lost a loved one. These are things I cannot know. But there are also some things I do know. I know that our sadness today is mixed with pride; that those we've lost will be remembered by a grateful nation; and that our presence here today is only possible because your loved ones, America's patriots, were willing to give their lives to defend our nation. I know that while we may come from different places, cherish different traditions, and have different political beliefs, we all –every one of us – hold in reverence those who've given this country the full measure of their devotion. And I know that children in New Mexico and across this country look to your children, to your brothers and sisters, mothers and fathers, and friends –to those we honor today –as a shining example of what's best about America. Their lives are a model for us all. What led these men and women to wear their country's uniform? What is it that leads anyone to put aside their own pursuit of life's comforts; to subordinate their own sense of survival, for something bigger – something greater? Many of those we honor today were so young when they were killed. They had a whole life ahead of them – birthdays and weddings, holidays with children and grandchildren, homes and jobs and happiness of their own. And yet, at one moment or another, they felt the tug, just as generations of Americans did before them. Maybe it was a massacre in a Boston square; or a President's call to save the Union and free the slaves. Maybe it was the day of infamy that awakened a nation to a storm in the Pacific and a madman's death march across Europe. Or maybe it was the morning they woke up to see our walls of security crumble along with our two largest towers. Whatever the moment was, when it came and they felt that tug, perhaps it was simply the thought of a mom or a dad, a husband or a wife, or a child not yet born that made this young American think that it was time to go; that made them think "I must serve so that the people I love can live –in happiness, and safety, and freedom."

奥巴马在复旦大学演讲稿(全)-中英文

奥巴马在复旦大学演讲稿(全)-中英文 Nong hao! Good afternoon. It is a great honor for me to be here in Shanghai, and to have this opportunity to speak with all of you. I'd like to thank Fudan University's President Yang for his hospitality and his gracious welcome. I'd also like to thank our outstanding Ambassador, Jon Huntsman, who exemplifies the deep ties and respect between our nations. I don't know what he said, but I hope it was good. (Laughter.) 侬好！诸位下午好。我感到很荣幸能够有机会到上海跟你们交谈，我要感谢复旦大学的杨校长，感谢他的款待和热情的欢迎。我还想感谢我们出色的大使洪博培，他是我们两国间深厚的纽带。我不知道他刚才说什么，但是希望他说得很好。 What I'd like to do is to make some opening comments, and then what I'm really looking forward to doing is taking questions, not only from students who are in the audience, but also we've received questions online, which will be asked by some of the students who are here in the audience, as well as by Ambassador Huntsman. And I am very sorry that my Chinese is not as good as your English, but I am looking forward to this chance to have a dialogue. 我今天准备这样，先做一个开场白，我真正希望做的是回答在座的问题，不但回答在座的学生问题，同时还可以从网上得到一些问题，由在座的一些学生和洪博培大使代为提问。很抱歉，我的中文远不如你们的英文，所以我期待和你们的对话。 This is my first time traveling to China, and I'm excited to see this majestic country. Here, in Shanghai, we see the growth that has caught the attention of the world -- the soaring skyscrapers, the bustling streets and entrepreneurial activity. And just as I'm impressed by these signs of China's journey to the 21st century, I'm eager to see those ancient places that speak to us from China's distant past. Tomorrow and the next day I hope to have a chance when I'm in Beijing to see the majesty of the Forbidden City and the wonder of the Great Wall. Truly, this is a nation that encompasses both a rich history and a belief in the promise of the future. 这是我首次访问中国，我看到你们博大的国家，感到很兴奋。在上海这里，我们看到了瞩目的增长，高耸的塔楼，繁忙的街道，还有企业家的精神。这些都是中国步入21世纪的迹象，让我感到赞叹。同时我也急切的要看到向我们展现中国古老的古迹，明天和后天我要到北京去看雄伟壮丽的故宫和令人叹为观止的长城，这个国度既有丰富的历史，又有对未来憧憬的信念。 The same can be said of the relationship between our two countries. Shanghai, of course, is a city that has great meaning in the history of the relationship between the United States and China. It was here, 37 years ago, that the Shanghai Communique opened the door to a new chapter of engagement between our governments and among our people. 而我们两国的关系也是如此，上海在美中关系的历史中是个具有意义的重大城市，在37年前，《上海公报》打开了我们两国政府和两国人民接触交往的新的篇章。 However, America's ties to this city -- and to this country -- stretch back further, to the earliest days of America's independence. In 1784, our founding father, George Washington, commissioned the Empress of China, a ship that set sail for these shores so that it could pursue trade with the Qing Dynasty. Washington wanted to see the ship carry the flag around the globe, and to forge new ties with nations like China. This is a common American impulse -- the desire to reach for new horizons, and to forge new partnerships that are mutually beneficial. 不过美国与这个国家的纽带可以追溯更久远的过去，追溯到美国独立的初期，乔治?华盛顿组织了皇后号的下水仪式，这个船成功前往大清王朝，华盛顿希望看到这艘船前往各地，与中国结成新的纽带。希望与中国开辟新的地平线，建立新的伙伴关系。 Over the two centuries that have followed, the currents of history have steered the relationship between our countries in many directions. And even in the midst of tumultuous winds, our people had opportunities to forge deep and even dramatic ties. For instance, Americans will never forget the hospitality shown to our pilots who were shot down over your soil during World War II, and cared for by Chinese civilians who risked all that they had by doing so. And Chinese veterans of that war still warmly greet those American veterans who return to the sites where they fought to help liberate China from occupation. 在其后的两个世纪中，历史洪流使我们两国关系向许多不同的方向发展，而即使在最动荡的方向中，我们的两国人民也打造了很深的，甚至有戏剧性的纽带，比如美国人永远不会忘记，在二战期间，美国飞行员在中国上空被击落后，当地人民对他们的款待，中国公民冒着失去一切的危险保护着他们。而参加二战的中国老兵仍然欢迎故地重游的美国老兵，他们在那里参战。 A different kind of connection was made nearly 40 years ago when the frost between our countries began to thaw through the simple game of table tennis. The very unlikely nature of this engagement contributed to its success -- because for all our differences, both our common humanity and our shared curiosity were revealed. As one American player described his visit to China -- "[The] people are just like us…The country is very similar to America, but still very different." Of course this small opening was followed by the achievement of the Shanghai Communique, and the eventual establishment of formal relations between the United States and China in 1979. And

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