(完整版)初中英语语法专题---介词

介词

考点知识测验

1.There is a post office ________ the other side ________ the street.

2.Sam was angry ________ them and he left _________ telling anybody.

3.Work had and you’ll catch up _________ others.

4.We can surf much information ________ the Internet.

5.They often learn English _______ each other.

6.The poor old man died ________ the evening of October 10.

7.The little girl ________ red looked beautiful.

8.Do you know the key ________ success?

9.They walked along the river _______ another ten minutes.

10.I usually spend three hours ________ doing my homework.

11.Look! They’re waiting ______ the bus ______ the bus-stop.

12.---How do you go to work every day?

---______ underground.

13.I think the dictionary is quite useful ______ you.

14.She began to play the piano _______ the age ______ five.

15.How much did you pay ______ your new dress?

一、【考点分析】

一、介词短语的形式：

介词是一种虚词，不能独立存在。它必须和随后的补足成分（又称“介词宾语”）一起构成介词短语，才能用于句中。介词宾语可以是名词、代词、数词、动名词、wh-短语、从句等。现分别举例如下：⑴介词＋名词，例如：(go) by bus 乘公共汽车（去）(play) in the park 在公园里（玩）(come) on Sunday 星期天（来）

⑵介词＋代词，例如：(talk) to oneself 对自己（说），自言自语(a letter) for you 给你的（信）(not…) at all 一点也（不）

⑶介词＋数词，例如：(cut sth) in two （把……切）成两半

⑷介词＋动名词，例如：(a way) of doing that 做那件事的（方式）be good at drawing pictures善于画画

⑸介词＋wh-短语，例如：(talk) about what to do next（谈论）下一步该做什么

⑹介词＋从句，例如：Please think of what I said. 请你考虑我说的话。

二、介词短语的基本用法：

⑴介词短语用作表语，例如：The post office is just across the street.

She looks so much like her mother.

⑵介词短语用作宾语补足语，例如：I was surprised to find him on the bus.

Please make yourself at home.

⑶介词短语用作后置定语，例如：The girl in the hat is my sister.

Do you like the jacket on the left?

Did you see the house with many trees around it?

⑷介词短语用作状语，例如：

What are you going to do on Christmas?

A policeman is standing next to him.

By the way, what time is it now?

Miss Zhao came in with a big smile on her face.

二、常考点清单

一、初中英语常用介词短语

1．at once 立刻2．at last 最后

3．at first 起先，首先4．at the age of... 在……岁时

5．at the end of... 在……之末6．at the beginning of．．在……之初7．at the foot of... 在……脚下8．at the same time 同时

9．at night/noon 在夜里／中午

10. with one's help 在某人的帮助下，由于某人的帮助

11. with the help of．．．在……的帮助下12. with a smile 面带笑容

13. with one's own eyes 亲眼看见14. after a while 过了一会儿

15. from now on 从现在起16. from then on 从那时起

17. for example 例如18. far away from 远离

19. from morning till night 从早到晚20. by and by 不久

21. by air mail寄航空邮件

22. by bike/air/train/bus骑自行车／乘飞机／火车／公共汽车

23. by ordinary mail寄平信24. by the way顺便说

25. by the window在窗边26. by the end of...到……底为止

27. little by little逐渐地28. in all总共

29. in fact事实上30. in one's twenties在某人二十几岁时31.in a hurry匆忙32.in the middle of在……中间

33. in no time( in a minute)立刻，很快34. in time( on time)及时

35. in public公众，公开地36. in order to为了…．

37. in( the) front of在……前面38. in the sun在阳光下

39. in the end最后，终于40. in surprise惊奇地

41. in turn依次42. of course当然

43.a bit( of)有一点儿44.a lot of许多

45.a little -点儿46. on one's way to某人在去……的路上47. on foot步行，走路48.a talk on space关于太空的报告

49. on the other hand另一方面50. at/on the weekend在周末

51．on the left( right)在左（右）边52. on the other side of在……另一边53. on the radio通过收音机（无线电广播）54. to one's joy使……高兴的是

55．to one's surprise使……惊讶的是二、常用介词的基本用法

易错点：

1．表示地点的介词in，on和to的用法

in表示在某一地区之内的某方位（属于该范围）；to表示在某一地区之外的某方位（不属于该范围）；on表示与某地的毗邻关系。

Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 台湾位于中国的东南部。（范围之内）

Japan is to the east of China. 日本在中国的东边。（范围之外，不接壤）

Korea is on the east of China. 朝鲜毗邻中国的东边。（毗邻）

2．be made / used之后介词的选择

(1) be made常见结构

①be made in在某地制造

My mother likes to buy things which are made in China.

②be made of和be made from都可以表示“由……制成”，但be made of强调从品上能看出原材料，而be made from则表示从成品上看不出原材料。

The desk is made of wood.这张桌子是由木头制成的。

This paper is made from wood．这种纸是由树木制成的。

③be made into被制成……

This piece of wood will be made into a small bench.这块木头将要被制成一个小凳。

④be made up of由……组成

The group is made up of five students. 这一组由五个学生组成。

(2) be used常见结构

①be used to= become used to习惯于（做）=get used to...，后接名词、代词或动名词形式。

He is used to getting up early.他习惯于早起。

②be used to被用来（做）……，后接动词原形。

A pan is used to cook．锅是用来炒菜的。

③be used for意义相当于be used to do，但for后接动名词形式。

A pan is used for cooking. 锅是用来炒菜的。

④be used as被当作……来使用。

A dictionary is used as a tool for study. 词典是被用来作为学习的工具。

⑤be used by被……使用。

My car was used by my friend yesterday. 我的车昨天由我朋友使用。

⑥used to过去常常做，而现在已经不做，后接动词原形。

He used to go to see a film on Friday evening.

他以前总是星期五晚上去看电影。（意思是现在就不是这样了。）

四、易错点清单

一、容易误用的介词

1．in和on的区别

on the tree表示枝、叶、果实等长“在树上”。

There are some apples on the tree.树上有些苹果。

in the tree表示人或其他东西“在树上”。

There are some monkeys in the tree.树上有些猴子。

on the wall表示东西粘贴或挂“在墙上”。’

There is a picture on the wall.墙上有一幅面。

in the wall表示门、窗等嵌“在墙上”。

There is a hole in the wall.墙上有个洞。

2．between和among的区别

between常指“在……（两者）之间”；among指“在……（三者或三者以上的人或物）之间”。如果把三者及以上的人或事物分别看待，指每两者之间，也可用between。

Mary sits between Lucy and Lily．玛丽坐在露西和莉莉之间。

Jim stands among his classmates.吉姆站在他的同学们中间。

3．across，through，over，past的区别

across和through都用于表示“穿过，越过”。across含有“从……表面穿过”之意，或指沿某一条

线的方向而进行的动作，表示游渡、乘船过海或过河时用across；through含有“从……中间穿过”之意；over多指在空间范围上“超过”；而past指“经过”。

He can swim across the river．

She had to push her way through the crowd to get to her son。

The plane flew over a line of mountains in the southeast.

They walked past a tall tree．

4．for, to, towards的区别

(l)for常用在leave，start后，表示运动的方向或目的。

They'll leave for Beijing to attend the meeting next month.

(2) to接在go，come，return，move等词之后，表示目的地。

When did you return to Guangzhou after the holiday?

(3) towards意为“朝、向”，只说明运动的方向，没有“到达”的意思。

She walked slowly towards me．

5．after与behind的区别

两个词都有“在……后”之意，behind只表示位置方面的之后，不能表示时间，而after则表示时间、位置都可以。

behind the school在学校后面；after 5 0'clock 5点以后；after the house在房子后面

6．in，with和by表示“用”时的区别

1.by意为“凭借工具或手段（常用于交通工具；）如by bus, by taxi

2.with意为“用某种工具（指具体工具或手段）

3.in意为“用…”,后面跟语言。

Can you sing this song in English? 你能用英文唱这首歌吗？

I write my homework with a pen．我用一支钢笔写我的作业。

The girl made money by selling flowers. 这个女孩以卖花为生。

7．but，besides和except的区别

but表示“除……之外”，常与含否定意义的词连用，当but前有动词do时，but后接动词原形；except表示“除…-之外（不再有）”，指从整体中排除except所带的人或物，前面常有all，every，any，no及其他复合词，但在否定句中，except却没有排斥性；besides表示“除……之外（还有）”，它的意思是在原来的基础上加上besides除外的人或物，其前常有other，another，any other，a few 等词。

We can do nothing but wait.

All the students go to the zoo except Jim.

I have a few good friends besides you.

8．at和to表行为对象时的区别

at与某些动词连用，表攻击的目标，含有某种程度的恶意；to只表示方向，无恶意。

Don't laugh at others. It's impolite.

She came to me and shook my hand warmly.

9. of和in用于最高级结构中的区别

一般of后接数词或可数名词复数；in后一般接可数名词的单数形式。

Tom is the tallest boy of the four. 汤姆是四个男孩中个子最高的。

Tom is the tallest boy in the class. 汤姆是班里个子最高的男孩。

10. by，in和on表旅行方式的区别

(1) by：①不涉及表示交通工具的名词时用by。如：by sea，by air。②涉及表示交通工具的名词，且该名词为单数形式，前面没有冠词或任何修饰语时用by，如：by ship，by plane。

(2) on或in：当旅行方式涉及确定的、特指的交通工具时，用on或in，交通工具前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。在开放型或半开放型工具前用on，在封闭型工具前用in。

如：on my bike．in a car。

11．in与after的区别

in表示以此时此刻为起点的将来的一个时间段之后，常与将来时态的谓语动词连用；“after+时间段”常与过去时连用，“after+时间点”常与将来时连用。注：in the past意为“在过去”，与过去时连用，in the past / last+时间段，意为“在过去的……中”表示从现在算起的过去的一段时间，包括此时此刻在内，常与现在完成时连用。

In the past few years, great changes have taken place in our school.

在过去的几年里，我们学校发生了巨大的变化。

12. with与without的区别

(l) with有“和，附带，带有”之意。如：with the help of...在……的帮助下，play with...和……玩，talk with...和……谈论。

Lovers talk with their eyes.恋人眉目传情。

(2) without有“没有”之意。如：without help没有帮助，without breakfast没吃早餐。

You will never succeed without your hard work 你如果不努力，绝不会成功。

13. of sb.与for sb.的区别

(1) of sb．“对于（某人）”，用于It is+ adj．+of sb．to do sth.句型中，形容词为clever，kind，nice 等描述人物性格特征的词，of后的人物与形容词有主表关系。

It is very kind of you to help the old man. 你帮助那位老人真是太好了。

(2) for sb. “对于某人”用于It is+ adj．+ for sb．to do sth.句型中, 形容词为easy, important 等不描述人物性格特征的词，for后的人物与形容词没有主表关系。

It is important for us to study hard. 对我们来说努力学习很重要。

14．to的两种用法的区别

to 既是介词，又是动词不定式符号。是动词不定式符号时，后面跟动词原形；是介词时，后面跟名词、代词或动名词。下列含有to的词组中to都是介词，在使用时应特别注意，如果它们后面跟的是动词，则用动名词形式。

pay attention to..., make a contribution to... ,according to... ,

get used to...,prefer...to... ,look forward to...

15.“动词+介词”和“动词+副词”的区别

英语中动词短语有两类：“动词+介词”和“动词+副词”，前者宾语只可放在介词后，后者当宾语为名词时可放在副词之前或之后，当宾语为代词时只可放在动词和副词之间。

属于“动词+介词”型短语的词组有：look after，look like，look at, arrive at, talk with, agree with , point at, hear from等；

属于“动词+副词”型短语的词组有：put on，take off，turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up, put away, write down, look up, try on等。

16. instead, instead of：

⑴instead不是介词，而是副词。它的意思是“作为代替；（不……）而”，中文译法灵活。instead 常位于句末。例如：He was ill, so I went instead. 他病了，因此我就（代他）去了。I don’t like this one; please give me that instead. 我不喜欢这一个，请把那一个给我。They don’t have beef; let’s have some fish instead. 他们没有牛肉，我们改吃鱼吧。

instead还可以用作连接性状语，表示对比。例如：They didn’t go to Greece, instead, they went to France. 他们没有去希腊，而是去了法国。

⑵instead of是复合介词，意思是“代替；而（不）”，其后面的内容具有否定意义。instead of可后接名词、代词或动名词，也可后接介词短语。例如：Give me the red one instead of the green one. 请给我那个红色的，而不是那个绿色的。She had tea instead of coffee. 她没有喝咖啡而喝了茶。He walked downstairs instead of taking the lift. 他是走下楼的，没有乘电梯。They went there on foot instead of by bus. (= … instead of going by bus.)他们是走到那里去的，没有乘公共汽车。

17.in front of与in the front of

in front of 是在整个物体的前面，in the front of 是在物体内部的前面。

比如a tree is in front of the classroom是教室前面有棵树，树一般在教室外面的户外；而There is a desk in the front of the classroom就是教室前面有张桌子，（比如讲台）是在教室里面的，这是内部方位。如果There is a desk in front of the classroom，那桌子就在教室外面了。

18.till/until和not …until 的区别

1.till/until意为“直到…为止”。表示某一动作一直持续到某一时刻结束，肯定句中的动词一定要用延续性动词。如：He stayed there until it was very late. Stay是可持续性动词，所以不用not。

2.not…until“直到…才”。如果要用瞬间性动词或不可延续性动词时，until一定要用否定句式。如：He didn’t leave his office until it was very late. Leave是不可延续动词。

如：

Unfortunately, I did not remember to feed the birds_____ the night before David was going to return.

A. until

B. before

C. as

D. since

【巩固练习】

一、用适当的介词填空：

1. You can find the post office ________ a fruit shop and a book shop.

2. We have friends all ________ the world.

3. You have to write a line ________ the last name ________ the book.

4. The answer ________ the question was quite difficult.

5. The children are not allowed to look ________ ________ the window in class.

6. They have stayed in the hotel ________ nearly ten days.

7. The teacher is standing ________ ________ ________ the students.

8. ________ the time the firemen arrived, the big fire had been put out.

9. My house is _____ the other side _____ river, so I have to go _____ the bridge.

10. They all went to sleep ___ young Tom. He was listening to music ___ the radio.

11. The students go to school ________ Monday ________ Friday.

12. My office is ________ ________ theirs.

13. Do not throw any litter ________ the river.

14. What do you think ________ the movie? — Wonderful!

15. The dead leaves on the ground also keep the water ________ running away.

16. The trees can be planted ________ the lake.

17. We got on together just ________ old friends.

18. I was told that we could do that ________ different ways.

19. What do you want to do after you graduate ________ school?

20. Can you see the broom ________ the door?

真题链接：

1. Who has taken my book _____mistake?

A. by

B. with

C. of

D. for

2. ---Jim, your toys should be in right order.

---OK.I'11 put them ______right now. .

A. down

B. away

C. up

D. on

3. --- What’s the matter _____ Mr. Wh ite? He is thorough wet.

--- His car ran ____ the river.

A. with; into

B. for; in

C. with; to

D. to; at

4. Surfing is too hard ____ me. I'm afraid nobody can learn it easily.

A. on

B. with

C. for

D. at

5. This board is used _______ making a box.

A. to

B. with

C. for

D. by

6. My father goes to work _____ his car.

A. by

B. in

C. on

7. --- Would you like some coffee?

--- Yes, please. By the way, do you have any milk? I prefer coffee ____ milk.

A. from

B. with

C. to

D. for

8. The man ____ Mary was so tall that she could hardly see the show.

A. in front of

B. in the front of

C. at the back of

D. at the beginning of

9. She is ready to help people who are _____ trouble.

A. at

B. for

C. in

D. on

10. Go _____ this road and take the second turning on the left. The bookshop is on your right.

A .through B. past C. across D. pass

11. You must write ______ a pen.

A. in

B. by

C. with

D. through

12. He'll come back _____ a week.

A. from

B. at

C. after

D. in

13. ____ the age of thirty, Peter went to Australia to look for a job.

A. On

B. At

C. From

D. By

14. What have you done _______ the broken computer?

A. on

B. in

C. with

D. at

15. All the cups are made of glass ______ the green one. It's made of metal.

A．beside B．except C．about D．with

完整版初中英语语法大全知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. ：who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如)： 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)

初中英语语法大全

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形式，表示名词的单数，要在名词前加冠词a或an。 This is a desk . 这是一张书桌。 There is an orange on the table . 桌上有一个橘子。 an orange 一个橘子 an new orange （×）→ a new orange （○） 一个新橘子 a desk a old desk （×）→ an old desk （○） 一张旧课桌 关键字：初中英语语法大全初中英语语法总结初中英语语法辅导英语语法大全名词复数名词所有格复数冠词抽象名词 a和an的使用区别 a加在以辅音开头的名词前，如a book，a pen。 an加在以元音开头的名词前，如an egg，an apple。 注意 有时a，an后面紧接的不是单数名词，而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。 这时判断用a还是an来表示“一个”的概念时，要看形容词开头字母的发音，而不是看名词。 2.复数

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2. in , on , at 表地点: at一般指小地方;in一般指大地方或某个范围之内;on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如: eg. 1He arrived ___Shanghai yesterday. 2They arrived ___a small village before dark. 3There is a big hole ____ the wall. 4The teacher put up a picture ____ the wall. 3.in , on , to表方位 in(范围内;on(范围外且接壤;to(范围外但不接壤。可表示为下图的位置关系 eg.1Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2Hubei is on the north of Hunan. 3Japan is to the east of China. cross: 动词“跨过,越过”=go across 4. across: (表面跨过 through: (内部穿过,贯穿介词 eg. 1Can you swim _____ the river? 2The road runs __________ the forest. 3 _____ the bridge, you’ll find a cinema.

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