实用英文写作与翻译作业与参考答案

实用英文写作与翻译2-1作业及参考答案

第一次作业：

Americans Eat Out More often and Less Healthfully

Although food cooked at home is far more healthful than meals eaten at restaurants, Americans are dining out more than ever, the U.S. Agriculture Department said Tuesday. Restaurant food accounted for（[在数量，比例方面] 占）39 percent of U.S. meals bought in 1996, up from 26 percent in 1970, the department said in a report, ``Away-From-Home Foods Increasingly Important to Quality of American Diet.'' ``While（尽管）the nutritional quality（营养质量）of foods consumed by Americans has improved overall, foods prepared at home are generally much more healthful than away-from-home foods,'' the department said. ``Despite nutritional gains at home, Americans will find it difficult to improve their diets because they purchase so many meals outside the home,'' the study said. While （尽管）the nutritional content of food prepared both at home and in restaurants has improved in recent years, food eaten out contains more of the nutrients Americans typically（一般地；通常）eat too much of, including fat and saturated fat（饱和脂肪）, and less of what is lacking from most diets, such as calcium, fiber and iron. The department recommended nutrition education programs should place more emphasis on teaching U.S. consumers about how to order healthful meals when dining out. Improved diets have been found to prevent risk of heart disease, stroke（中风）, cancer, diabetes（糖尿病）, osteoporosis-related hip fractures（与骨质疏松症有关的髋关节骨折）and neural tube birth defects（神经管先天缺损）. Osteoporosis-related hip fractures cost up to $10.6 billion each year in the United States in medical care expenses, missed work and premature deaths（早亡）, the department said.

参考译文：美国人外出用餐频繁而饮食健康水准美况愈下

据美国农业部星期二称尽管在家煮烧的食物远比餐馆里所用之餐有益于健康，美国人外出用餐更频繁。餐馆里的食物占1996年美国人购餐的39%，比1970年增长了26%。该部门在报告中称：“外出所用之餐对于美国人饮食质量日益重要”。该部门还称：“虽然美国人消费的食物的营养质量总体改善了。但是，一般来说，家里所备的食物远比外出用餐的食物有益于健康。”研究表明：“尽管在家里用餐能获取养份，美国人发觉他们难以改善自己的饮食，因为他们多次在外购餐。”近年来在家里和餐馆里所备的食物的营养结构都得到了改善，然而，外出用餐的食物包含了较多典型的美国人汲取过多的养份，包括脂肪和饱和脂肪，也包含了较少多数饮食中所缺少的，如钙，纤维和铁。该农业部提议营养教育计划应更着重于教导美国消费者外出用餐时如何预定有益于健康的一餐。人们发现改善后的饮食结构能预防心脏病，中风，癌症，糖尿病，与骨盆炎相关的髋部骨折以及试管婴儿的神经缺陷所带来的危险。该部门称，在美国与骨盆炎相关的髋部骨折每年在医疗照料费用，医疗失误和早产死亡之上的耗费高达106亿美元。

第二次作业

1、Kill one’s appetite

?Kill time

?Kill the peace

?Kill the mood

?Kill the proposal

?Kill the engine

?Kill the child with kindness

2、If the doctor had been available, the child would not have died.

3、This ticket is available in all parks.

4、I’ll have Mr. Perkin call you back as soon as he is available.

5、Then he discovered Harry Potter, and was attached to Harry Potter and

Sorcerer's Stone by a very short string until she had finished it.

6、People considered that what he had played on that occasion was no more than a

Judas Kiss.

7、He was smooth and agreeable.

8、I was good and tired, so I lay down in the canoe and said I wouldn’t bother no

more.

9、This dark of forecast speaks of the destruction of the balance of nature-pollution,

waste and hunger.

10、Time was a swiftly flowing river that had no shore, no boundaries. Its seasons

were not winter, spring, fall or summer.

11、Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed healths.

12、There was no haste or restlessness in his manner but a poised friendliness.

13、Scientific exploration, the search for knowledge has given man the practical

result of being able to shield himself from the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by other man.

14、My son threw me a quizzical look, but I gave a loud laugh.

15、Engineering design is a decision-making process used for the development of

engineering for which there is a human need.

16、He is a rolling stone. I don’t think he can go far.

17、The wolf and the pig mingled together in his face.

18、A growing number of parents complain that children nowadays always live

ahead of their salaries.

参考答案：

第三章作业参考答案

第三次作业

? 1. Tom is not altogether satisfied with the result of the experiment.

? 2. Tom is not satisfied with result of the experiment.

? 3. Tom is not satisfied with the result of the experiment at all.

? 4. He did not speak clearly and correctly.

? 5. Without numbers, we couldn’t build houses or cities, or make cars or ships.

? 6. It is a wise father that knows his own child.

?7. He has no reason to think less of himself because he is not dressed in a rich and fashionable manner.

?8. Don’t be vain because you are good-looking.

?9. he does not work hard because he wants to earn more.

?10. she did not cry because she failed in the exam.

?11. I didn’t go out for walk, because it rained.

?12. I did not go because I am afraid.

?13. Don’t scamp your work, because you are pressed for time.

?14. We don’t live because we want to eat.

?15. The prayers and the meals, the lessons and the walks, which were arranged with

a conventional regularity here, oppressed her almost beyond endurance.

参考答案：

1、汤姆对实验结果并不完全满意。

部分否定

2、汤姆对实验结果不满意。

完全否定

3、汤姆对实验结果一点都不满意。

完全否定

4、他不曾讲得既清楚有正确。

否定转移

5、没有数字，我们就无法建造房屋和城市，也无法制造汽车和轮船。

否定转移

6、父亲再聪明也不见得了解自己的孩子。

形式否定

7、他没有理由瞧不起自己，虽然他的服装不够华丽时髦。

否定转移

8、不要因为你长得漂亮就虚荣起来。或者虽然你长得漂亮也不要虚荣。

否定转移

9、他不是为了多挣钱才勤奋工作的。

10、她不是因为考试失败才哭的。

否定转移

11、因为下雨，我没有出去散步。

完全否定

12、我因为害怕所以没去。或者我不是因为害怕才去的。

否定转移

13、不要因为时间仓促就马马虎虎。

否定转移

14、我们不是为了要吃饭才活着的。

否定转移

15、在这儿，祈祷、吃饭、上课、散步都有以一定的规律，这日子几乎闷得她透不过

起来。

含蓄否定

第四次作业

?1、You can hardly imagine anyone less ignorant than my son.

?2、Nothing is sadder than to part forever.

?3、You can write to him about it, (what is) still better, write to her father.

?4、David is more diligent than clever.

?5、As the case stands, I don’t want to go steady with any girl.

?6、He took the bundle as it was to the police station.

?7、For one friend he has ten enemies.

?8、It is stressed that the field of science may be divided into two major areas;

natural science and social science.

?9、The region was visited by the worst drought in twenty years.

?10、Attempt are being made of burning coal underground for getting gas.

?11、Running water has long been used to turn the wheels of industry.

?12、It is considered to be cruel by many people in the West to send animals in rockets into outer space.

?13、Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining.

?14、Some people seem easy to understand: their character appears obvious on first meeting. Appearances, however, can be deceptive. For thirty years now I have been studying my fellowmen. I don’t know very much about them. I shrug my shoulders when people tell me that their first impressions of a person are always right. I think they must have small insight or great vanity. For my won part I find that the longer

I know people, the more they puzzle me.

?15、When children take up ways of making a living that differ greatly from their patents, differences in outlook can easily arise. This is that Alfred found. Brought up in the family of a building worker, education led him to develop different interests and ambitious from his father. Here he writes about how this affected their relationship.

参考答案：

1、你几乎想象不出有谁会比我儿子更无知的。

2、世间最悲哀的是离别。或者悲莫悲兮生别离。

3、就这件事情你可以写信给他，写给他父亲更好。

4、与其说大卫聪明，不如说他用功。

5、在目前情况下，我不想与任何女孩建立固定的关系。

6、他把包裹原封不动地送到了警察局。

7、他的朋友和敌人是一与十之比。

8、有人强调说，科学的范畴可以分为两个主要领域：自然科学和社会科学。

9、这个地区遭受到了二十年来最严重的旱灾。

10、人们正试图使煤在地下燃烧以获得煤气。

11、很久以来，流水就被用来转动工业上用的轮子。

12、许多西方人认为，用火箭把动物送入太空是相当残忍的。

13、人们常说，通过电视可以了解时事，掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可

以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。

14、有些人似乎容易了解：他们的个性在初次交往时就表露无遗。然而，外表可能具

有欺骗性。30年来，我一直在研究我的人类同胞，但至今了解不多。每当有人跟我说他对一个人的首次印象向来不错的时候，我就耸耸肩。我想这种人不是无知，就是自大。就我而言，我觉得，认识一个人的时间越长就越觉得困惑。

15、当子女的谋生方式与父母大相径庭时，很容易产生观念上的差异。这正是艾尔弗

雷德的发现。他在一个建筑工人的家庭里长大，他所受的教育使他产生了不同于父亲的兴趣和抱负。他在本文中叙述了这一差异如何影响着他们的父子关系。

新视野大学英语2第三版unit8 textA课文翻译.doc

Unit 8 Section A Animals or children?—A scientist's choice 动物还是孩子？——一位科学家的选择 1 I am the enemy! I am one of those cursed, cruel physician scientists involved in animal research. These rumors sting, for I have never thought of myself as an evil person. I became a children's doctor because of my love for children and my supreme desire to keep them healthy. During medical school and residency, I saw many children die of cancer and bloodshed from injury — circumstances against which medicine has made great progress but still has a long way to go. More importantly, I also saw children healthy thanks to advances in medical science such as infant breathing support, powerful new medicines and surgical techniques and the entire field of organ transplantation. My desire to tip the scales in favor of healthy, happy children drew me to medical research. 1 我就是那个敌人！我就是那些被人诅咒的、残忍的、搞动物实验的医生科学家之一。这些谣言刺痛了我，因为我从来没想到自己是一个邪恶的人。我成为一位儿科医生，因为我爱孩子，也因为我的最大愿望是让他们保持健康。在医学院学习和住院医生实习时，我看到了许多儿童死于癌症和受伤流血——虽然对此医学正取得很大进步，但远非完善。更重要的是，我还看到孩子们能保持健康得益于医学的进步，如婴儿呼吸支持器，功效强大的新药物和外科手术技术及整个器官移植领域的发展。我希望孩子们健康快乐，这促使我从事医学研究。 2 My accusers have twisted the truth into a fable and cast me as the devil. They claim that I have no moral compass, that I torture innocent animals for the sole purpose of career advancement, and that my experiments have no relevance to medicine. Meanwhile, an uncaring public barely watches, convinced that the issue has no significance, and publicity-conscious senators and politicians increasingly give way to the lobbying of animal rights activists. 2 控诉我的人把真相歪曲成一则神话，并把我描写成恶魔。他们声称我没有道德界限，我折磨那些无辜动物的唯一目的就是为了自己的职业升迁，而我的实验根本与医药毫不相关。与此同时，无动于衷的公众几乎不闻不问，相信这个议题毫无意义，而具有宣传意识的参议员和政治家们却对动物权利活动家的游说不断作出让步。 3We,in medical research,have also been unbelievably uncaring.We have allowed the most extr eme animal rights protesters to creep in and frame the issue as one of"animal fraud"and hatred. We have persisted in our belief that a knowledgeable public would consent to the importance of animal research for public health.Perhaps we have been mistaken in not responding to the emoti onal tone of the argument.Perhaps we should have responded to those sad slogans and posters of animals by waving equally sad posters of children dying of cancer or external wounds. 3我们这些从事医学研究的人也显得令人难以置信的冷漠。我们允许最极端的动物权利活动家渐渐侵入，任凭他们把此类研究诬陷为“动物欺诈”和对动物的仇恨。我们一直坚信，有知识的公众会赞同动物研究对公众健康的重要性。也许我们的错误是没有对这场争论的感性基调作出反应。也许我们早应该挥动着儿童死于癌症或外伤的同样令人伤心的海报，来回应那些关于动物受害的伤感标语及海报。 4In the animal rights forum,much is made of the volume of pain these animals experience in the name of medical science.Activists deny that we are trying to help and say it is evidence of our ev il and cruel nature.A more reasonable argument,however,can be advanced in our defense.Life i

实用文体翻译

学习心得：翻译——找到原语的所指 在顾维勇教授的引领下，我们共同学习了这篇对“十一五”规划教材《商务英语翻译》误译译例进行批判性研究，翻译——找到原语所指此篇论文。突出强调的是在学习的过程中，我们大家在对实用文体翻译有了更深层次的认识。即实用文体翻译是一项十分严肃的工作，倘若在翻译的过程中没有找到真正的原语所指，只是对其字面意思的解释，那么译者也就会和原语作者想要表达的语气、问题、语用含义等相背道而驰了。 在顾维勇教授的这篇论文中，他选择在“十一五”规划教材《商务英语翻译》中三个大方向（1、同意词语叠用2、句子结构的理解3、复数问题4、专业术语和行话）出现严重误译的30个误例，强调了在实用文体翻译过程中，找出原语“所指”是至关重要的。以下是本人通过学习了翻译——找到原文的所指，结合实例后表达的个人的拙见。 在英汉两种语言都有同义词叠用现象。这些同义词的叠用是为了表达趋同或者趋异的意思。 例1As part owner, you benefit by receiving part of the profits or dividends and sharing in the growth of the values of the company. 原译：作为该公司的部分拥有者，你的道德实惠就是，收获公司的部分利润和红利。（李明，2011：71） 很明显此处的profits or dividends属于同义词叠用“趋同” 现象，表示利润的含义。而译者没有在专业术语的层面上准确表达原文作者想要表达的真正语义，将这对在意义上“趋同”的一对同义词独自分开，翻成了利润或红利。 例2Business is a combination of all these activities: production, distribution and sale, through which profit or economic surplus will be created. 原译：商务是指生产、分配、销售等一切活动的组合，通过这些活动，创造利润和经济盈余。（李明，2011：94） 同样，原文译者对此处profit or economic surplus的理解仅仅停留在其字面意思，并没有结合真正的商务情景和商务专业知识找到原文的所指。此处同样是属于同义词叠用中意义“趋同”现象。都是表达

全新版第二版第一册unit8课文翻译电子教案

全新版第二版第一册u n i t8课文翻译

A fable for tomorrow (Rachel Carson) There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings. The town lay in the midst of a checkerboard of prosperous farms, with fields of grain and hillsides of orchards where, in spring, white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields. In autumn, oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered across a backdrop of pines. Then foxes barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the fall mornings. 从前在美国中心有一个小镇，那里的万物看上去都与其四周的环境融洽相处。小镇的四周是像棋盘交错的生意盎然的农庄，还有一块块的田地和一座座遍布山坡的果园。春天来了，白色的鲜花云彩般地漂浮在田野上；秋天到了，橡树、枫树和桦树色彩斑斓，在一片松树林间火焰般地燃烧与跳跃。小山上狐狸吠叫，田野间小鹿静静地跃过，所有的一切都在秋天清晨的薄雾中半隐半现。 Along the roads, laurel, viburnum and alder, great ferns and wildflowers delighted the traveler's eye through much of the year. Even in winter the roadsides were places of beauty, where countless birds came to feed on the berries and on the seed heads of the dried weeds rising above the snow. The countryside was, in fact, famous for the abundance and variety of its bird life, and when the flood of migrants was pouring through in spring and fall people traveled from great distances to observe them. Others came to fish the streams, which flowed clear and cold out of the hills and contained shady pools where trout lay. So it had been from the days many years ago when the first settlers raised their houses, sank their wells, and built their barns. 在路的两旁，一年中许多时候，月桂树、荚莲、桤木、蕨类植物和各样的野花都能让过往的行人赏心悦目。即使是冬天，路边的景色依旧是美不胜收，那里无数的小鸟来觅取浆果莓和露在雪地上的枯枝上的种子。事实上，这乡村正是由于鸟类的数量和种类之繁多而出名的。在候鸟群潮涌而来的春秋季节，人们从大老远的地方慕名前来欣赏。还有的人来这里的小溪垂钓。清冽的溪水从山中流出，溪水中有许多鳟鱼藏身的背阴的水潭。所以，从许多年前开始，第一批居住者就在这里盖房挖井，搭起了自己的谷仓。 Then a strange blight crept over the area and everything began to change. Some evil spell had settled on the community: mysterious maladies swept the flocks of chickens; the cattle and sheep sickened and died. Everywhere was a shadow of death. The farmers spoke of much illness among their families. In the town the doctors had become more and more puzzled by new kinds of sickness appearing among their patients. There had been several sudden and unexplained deaths, not only among adults but even among children, who would be stricken suddenly while at play and die within a few hours. 后来，一种奇怪的摧毁力悄然袭击了这个地区，所有的一切都开始变了。某种邪恶的符咒笼罩了这个社区：神秘的疾病攻击了鸡群，牛、羊也纷纷病死，到处都有一层死亡的阴影。农夫们谈论

实用文体翻译

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小学三年级英语第二学期暑假作业答案(含题)

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