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1990-2017考研数学二历年真题word版

1990-2017考研数学二历年真题word版
1990-2017考研数学二历年真题word版

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学二试题

一、选择题:1~8小题,每小题4分,共32分。下列每题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项是符合题目要求的.

(1

)若函数0(),0x f x b x >=?≤?

在x=0连续,则 (A)12ab =

(B)1

2

ab =- (C)0ab = (D)2ab = (2)设二阶可到函数()f x 满足(1)(1)1,(0)1f f f =-==-且 ()0f x ''>,则 (A) 1

1()0f x dx ->? (B) 1

2()0f x dx -

(C) 0

1

10()()f x dx f x dx ->??

(D)

1

1

1

()()f x dx f x dx -

?

(3)设数列{}n x 收敛,则

(A)当limsin 0n n x →∞

=时,lim 0n n x →∞

=

(B)

当lim (0n n n x x →∞

+

= 时,则lim 0n n x →∞

=

(C)当2

lim()0n n n x x →∞+=,

lim 0n →∞

=

(D)当lim(sin )0n n n x x →∞

+=时,lim 0n n x →∞=

(4)微分方程248(1cos 2)x

y y y e x '''-+=+ 的特解可设为k

y =

(A)22(cos 2sin 2)x

x Ae

e B x C x ++ (B)22(cos 2sin 2)x

x Axe e B x C x ++

(C)22(cos 2sin 2)x

x Ae

xe B x C x ++ (D)22(cos 2sin 2)x

x Axe

xe B x C x ++

(5)设()f x 具有一阶偏导数,且在任意的(,)x y ,都有

(,)(,)

0,f x y f x y x y

??>??则 (A)(0,0)(1,1)f f > (B)(0,0)(1,1)f f < (C)(0,1)(1,0)f f >

(D)(0,1)(1,0)f f <

(6)甲乙两人赛跑,计时开始时,甲在乙前方10(单位:m )处,图中,实线表示甲的速度曲线()1v v t = (单位:m/s )虚线表示乙的速度曲线()2v v t =,三块阴影部分面积的数值依次为10,20,3,计时开始后乙追上甲的时刻记为0t (单位:s ),则

(A)010t = (B)01520t << (C)025t = (D)025t >

()

s

(7)设A 为三阶矩阵,123(,,)P ααα=为可逆矩阵,使得 1

000010002P AP -??

??=??????

,则123(,,)A ααα=

(A)12αα+ (B)232αα+ (C)23αα+ (D)122αα+

(8)已知矩阵200021001A ????=??????,210020001B ????=??????,100020000C ??

??=??????

,则 (A) A 与C 相似,B 与C 相似

(B) A 与C 相似,B 与C 不相似 (C) A 与C 不相似,B 与C 相似 (D) A 与C 不相似,B 与C 不相似

二、填空题:9~14题,每小题4分,共24分.

(9)曲线(

)

2

1arcsin y x x =+的斜渐近线方程为

(10)设函数()y y x =由参数方程sin t x t e y t

?=+?=?确定,则

20

2t d y

dx =

(11)

()

2

ln(1)

1x dx x +∞

++?

=

(12)设函数(),f x y 具有一阶连续偏导数,且()()(),1,0,00y y df x y

ye dx x y e dy f =++=,

则(),f x y = (13)

1

1

tan y

x

dy dx x

=?

?

(14)设矩阵41212311A a ??- ?= ? ?-??的一个特征向量为112??

?

? ???

,则a =

三、解答题:15~23小题,共94分。解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. (15)(本题满分10分)

求+

→-?

3

lim x

t x x te dt x

(16)(本题满分10分)

设函数(),f u v 具有2阶连续性偏导数,(

)

y ,x

f e cosx =,求

dy

d x x

=,220

d y d x x =

(17)(本题满分10分)

求21

lim

ln 1n

n k k k n n →∞=??

+ ???∑ (18)(本题满分10分)

已知函数

由方程

确定,求

的极值

(19)(本题满分10分)

()f x 在[]0,1上具有2阶导数,0

()

(1)0,lim 0x f x f x

+

→><,证明 (1)方程()0f x =在区间(0,1)至少存在一个根

(2)方程[]2

()()()0f x f x f x '''++= 在区间(0,1)内至少存在两个不同的实根 (20)(本题满分11分)

已知平面区域(){

}

22,2D x y x y y =

+≤,计算二重积分()2

1D

x dxdy +??

(21)(本题满分11分)

设()y x 是区间3

(0,)2

内的可导函数,且(1)0y =,点P 是曲线:()L y y x =上的任意一点,L 在点P 处的切线与y 轴相交于点(0,)P Y ,法线与x 轴相交于点(,0)P X ,若p P X Y = ,求L 上点的坐标(,)x y 满足的方程。 (22)(本题满分11分)

三阶行列式123(,,)A ααα=有3个不同的特征值,且3122ααα=+ (1)证明()2r A =

(2)如果123βααα=++求方程组Ax b = 的通解

(23)(本题满分11分)

设132221232121323(,,)2282f x x x x x ax x x x x x x =-++-+在正交变换x Qy =下的标准型为22

1122y y λλ+ 求a 的值及

一个正交矩阵Q .

2016年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学二试题

一、

选择:1~8小题,每小题4分,共32分.下列每题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项是符合要求的.

(1) 设11)a x =,2a =

,31a .当0x +→时,以上3个无穷小量按照从低阶

到高阶拓排序是

(A )123,,a a a . (B )231,,a a a . (C )213,,a a a . (D )321,,a a a .

(2)已知函数2(1),1,

()ln ,1,x x f x x x -

则()f x 的一个原函数是

(A )2(1), 1.()(ln 1), 1.x x F x x x x ?-<=?-≥?(B )2(1), 1.

()(ln 1)1, 1.x x F x x x x ?-<=?+-≥?

(C )2(1), 1.()(ln 1)1, 1.x x F x x x x ?-<=?++≥?(D )2(1), 1.

()(ln 1)1, 1.x x F x x x x ?-<=?-+≥?

(3)反常积分1

21x

e dx x -∞?①,1

+201x e dx x

∞?②的敛散性为 (A )①收敛,②收敛.(B )①收敛,②发散. (C )①收敛,②收敛.(D )①收敛,②发散.

(4)设函数()f x 在(,)-∞+∞内连续,求导函数的图形如图所示,则 (A )函数()f x 有2个极值点,曲线()y f x =有2个拐点. (B )函数()f x 有2个极值点,曲线()y f x =有3个拐点. (C )函数()f x 有3个极值点,曲线()y f x =有1个拐点.

(D )函数()f x 有3个极值点,曲线()y f x =有2个拐点.

(5)设函数()(1,2)i f x i =具有二阶连续导数,且0()0(1,2)i f x i <=,若两条曲线

()(1,2)i y f x i ==在点00(,)x y 处具有公切线()y g x =,且在该点处曲线1()y f x =的曲率大于曲线2()y f x =的曲率,

则在0x 的某个领域内,有 (A )12()()()f x f x g x ≤≤ (B )21()()()f x f x g x ≤≤ (C )12()()()f x g x f x ≤≤ (D )21()()()f x g x f x ≤≤

(6)已知函数(,)x e f x y x y

=-,则

(A )''

0x y f f -= (B )''

0x y f f += (C )''

x y f f f -= (D )''

x y f f f +=

(7)设A ,B 是可逆矩阵,且A 与B 相似,则下列结论错误的是 (A )T A 与T

B 相似 (B )1A -与1

B -相似 (

C )T A A +与T

B B +相似 (D )1A A -+与1

B B -+相似

(8)设二次型222

123123122313(,,)()222f x x x a x x x x x x x x x =+++++的正、负惯性指数分别为1,2,则

(A )1a > (B )2a <- (C )21a -<<

(D )1a =与2a =-

二、填空题:9~14小题,每小题4分,共24分。

(9)曲线32

2

arctan(1)1x y x x

=+++的斜渐近线方程为____________.

(10)极限2112lim (sin 2sin sin )n n

n n n n

n

→∞+++=____________.

(11)以2

x

y x e =-和2

y x =为特解的一阶非齐次线性微分方程为____________.

(12)已知函数()f x 在(,)-∞+∞上连续,且2

()(1)2

()d x

f x x f t t =++?

,则当2n ≥时,()(0)n f =____________.

(13)已知动点P 在曲线3

y x =上运动,记坐标原点与点P 间的距离为l .若点P 的横坐标时间的变化率为常数0v ,则

当点P 运动到点(1,1)时,l 对时间的变化率是_______.

(14)设矩阵111111a a a --????--????--??与110011101????-??????

等价,则_________.a = 解答题:15~23小题,共94分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.

(15)(本题满分10分) (16)(本题满分10分)

设函数1

220

()(0)f x t x dt x =

->?

,求'()f x 并求()f x 的最小值.

(17)(本题满分10分)

已知函数(,)z z x y =由方程2

2

()ln 2(1)0x y z z x y +++++=确定,求(,)z z x y = 的极值. (18)(本题满分10分)

设D 是由直线1y =,y x =,y x =-围成的有界区域,计算二重积分2222

.D

x xy y dxdy x y --+??

(19)(本题满分10分)

已知1()x y x e =,2()()x

y x u x e =是二阶微分方程(21)(21)'20n

x y x y y --++=的解,若(1)u e -=,(0)1u =-,求

()u x ,并写出该微分方程的通解。

(20)(本题满分11分)

设D 是由曲线1)y x =≤≤与3

3cos 02sin x t t y t π?=??

?≤≤? ?=?

???围成的平面区域,求D 绕x 轴旋转一周所得旋转体的体积和表面积。

(21)(本题满分11分)

已知()f x 在3[0,

]2π上连续,在3(0,)2π内是函数

cos 23x

x π

-的一个原函数(0)0f =。 (Ⅰ)求()f x 在区间3[0,]2

π

上的平均值;

(Ⅱ)证明()f x 在区间3(0,)2

π

内存在唯一零点。

(22)(本题满分11分)

设矩阵11110111a A a a a -?? ?= ? ?++??,0122a β??

?

= ? ?-??

,且方程组Ax β=无解。

(Ⅰ)求a 的值;

(Ⅱ)求方程组T

T

A Ax A β=的通解。

(23)(本题满分11分)

已知矩阵011230000A -??

?

=- ? ???

(Ⅰ)求99A

(Ⅱ)设3阶矩阵123(,,)B ααα=满足2B BA =。记100

123(,,)B

βββ=,将123,,βββ分别表示为123,,ααα的线性组

合。

2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学二试题

一、选择题:1~8小题,每小题4分,共32分.下列每题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项符合

题目要求的,请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸...指定位置上. (1)下列反常积分中收敛的是()

(A

2

+∞

?

(B )2

ln x

dx x

+∞

?

(C)2

1

ln dx x x

+∞

?

(D)2

x x dx e

+∞

?

(2)函数20

sin ()lim(1)x t

t t

f x x

→=+

在(,)-∞+∞内() (A )连续 (B )有可去间断点 (C )有跳跃间断点 (D)有无穷间断点

(3)设函数1cos ,0

()0,0x x f x x

x α

β?>?=??≤?

(0,0)αβ>>,若()f x 在0x =处连续,则() (A )1αβ-> (B)01αβ<-≤ (C)2αβ-> (D)02αβ<-≤

(4) 设函数()f x 在(,)-∞+∞连续,其二阶导函数()f x ''的图形如右图所示,则曲线()y f x =的拐点个数为() (A )0 (B)1 (C)2 (D)3

(5).设函数(u v)f ,满足22(,)y

f x y x y x +=-,则

11

u v f

u ==??与11

u v f v

==??依次是()

(A )

12,0 (B)0,12(C )-12,0 (D)0 ,-12

(6). 设D 是第一象限中曲线21,41xy xy ==

与直线,y x y ==围成的平面区域,函数(,)f x y 在D 上连续,则

(,)D

f x y dxdy ??=()

(A )

1

2

sin 214

2sin 2(cos ,sin )d f r r dr

π

θπθ

θθθ??(B

24

(cos ,sin )d f r r dr π

πθθθ?

(C )

13sin 214

2sin 2(cos ,sin )d f r r dr π

θπθ

θθθ??

(D

)34

(cos ,sin )d f r r dr π

πθθθ?

(7).设矩阵A=211112a 14a ?? ? ? ???,b=21d d ?? ?

? ???

,若集合Ω=}{1,2,则线性方程组Ax b =有无穷多个解的充分必要条件为()

(A ),a d ?Ω?Ω (B),a d ?Ω∈Ω (C),a d ∈Ω?Ω (D) ,a d ∈Ω∈Ω

(8)设二次型123(,,)f x x x 在正交变换x Py =下的标准形为222

1232,y y y +-其中123P=(e ,e ,e ),若132(,,)Q e e e =-,则

123(,,)f x x x 在正交变换x Py =下的标准形为( )

(A):2221232y y y -+ (B) 2221232y y y +- (C) 2221232y y y -- (D) 222

1232y y y ++

二、填空题:9~14小题,每小题4分,共24分.请将答案写在答题纸...

指定位置上. (9) 设223

1

arctan ,3t x t d y

dx y t t ==?=?=+?则 (10)函数2()2x

f x x =在0x =处的n 阶导数()

(0)n f

=

(11)设函数()f x 连续,2

0()(),x x xf t dt ?=

?

若(1)?1=,'(1)5?=,则(1)f =

(12)设函数()y y x =是微分方程''

'

20y y y +-=的解,且在0x =处()y x 取值3,则()y x = (13)若函数(,)z z x y =由方程231x y z

e

xyz +++=确定,则(0,0)dz =

(14)设3阶矩阵A 的特征值为2,-2,1,2

B A A E =-+,其中E 为3阶单位矩阵,则行列式B =

三、解答题:15~23小题,共94分.请将解答写在答题纸...指定位置上.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤. 15、(本题满分10分)

设函数()ln(1)sin f x x x bx x α=+++,2

()g x kx =,若()f x 与()g x 在0x →是等价无穷小,求,,a b k 的值。

16、(本题满分10分)

设0A >,D 是由曲线段sin (0)2

y A x x π

=≤≤

及直线,2

y o x π

==

所形成的平面区域, 1V ,2V 分别表示D 绕X 轴

与绕Y 轴旋转所成旋转体的体积,若12V V =,求A 的值。 17、(本题满分10分)

已知函数(,)f x y 满足(,)2(1)x xy

f x y y e ''=+,(,0)(1)x x f x x e '=+,(0,)2,f y y =+求(,)f x y 的极值。 18、(本题满分10分) 计算二重积分

()D

x x y dxdy +??,其中{}

2

22(,)2,D x y x

y y x =+≤≥。

19、(本题满分10分)

已知函数2

1

()x x

f x =

+?

?

,求()f x 零点的个数。

20、(本题满分11分)

已知高温物体置于低温介质中,任一时刻物体温度对时间的关系的变化与该时刻物体和介质的温差成正比,现将一初始温度为1200

C 的物体在200

C 恒温介质中冷却,30min 后该物体温度降至300

C ,若要使物体的温度继续降至210

C ,还需冷却多长时间? 21、(本题满分11分)

已知函数()f x 在区间[),a +∞上具有2阶导数,()0,()0,f a f x '=>设,b a >曲线()y f x =在点(,())b f b 处的切线与X 轴的交点是0(,0)x ,证明:0a x b <<。 22、(本题满分11分)

设矩阵111100a A a a ??

?=- ? ???

,且30A =,(1)求a 的值;(2)若矩阵X 满足22

,X XA AX AXA Z --+=其中Z 为3阶单

位矩阵,求X 。

23、(本题满分11分)

设矩阵02313312A a -?? ?=-- ? ?-??,相似于矩阵12000031B b -??

?

= ? ???

(1)求a,b 的值(2)求可逆矩阵P ,使1

P AP -为对角矩阵。

2019考研英语二真题及答案Word版

Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 . As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals. I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost. For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program. I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake. The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m trai ning according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale. Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look,

2020年考研数学二真题及答案分析(word版)

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试 数学二真题分析 (word 版) 一、选择题:1~8小题,每小题4分,共32分,下列每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项符合题目要求的,请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸... 指定位置上. (1) )若函数10(),0x f x ax b x ?->?=??≤? 在0x =处连续,则( ) (A)12ab = (B)12ab =- (C)0ab = (D)2ab = 【答案】A 【解析】001112lim lim ,()2x x x f x ax ax a ++→→-==Q 在0x =处连续11.22b ab a ∴=?=选A. (2)设二阶可导函数()f x 满足(1)(1)1,(0)1f f f =-==-且''()0f x >,则( ) 【答案】B 【解析】 ()f x 为偶函数时满足题设条件,此时01 10()()f x dx f x dx -=??,排除C,D. 取2()21f x x =-满足条件,则()112112()2103 f x dx x dx --=-=-

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