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翻译常用的八种技巧

翻译常用的八种技巧
翻译常用的八种技巧

翻译常用的八种技巧

1.重译法(repetition)

2.增译法(amplification)

3.减译法(omission)

4.词类转移法(conversion)

5.词序调整法(inversion)

6.分译法(division)

7.正说反译、反说正译法(negation)

8.语态变换法(the change of the voices)

第一节重译法(repetition)

在翻译中,有时为了忠实于原文,不得不重复某些词语,否则就不能忠实地表达原文的意思。这种反复使用某些词语于翻译的方法就叫重译法。

重译法实际上也是一种增词法,只不过所增加的是上文出现的词。重译法有三个作用:一是为了明确;而是为了强调;三是为了生动。一、为了明确,有时需要重复宾语。在英语中,一句话里两个动词

共用一个宾语,宾语只在第二个动词之后出现一次。而在汉语中,这样的宾语要在每个动词后分别出现。定语后的名词亦是如此。

如:

1.We have to analyse and solve problems. 我们要分析问题,解决

问题。

2.I eat and drink whatever I like, and sleep when I can not keep.我想

吃什么就吃什么,想喝什么就和什么,眼睛睁不开了就睡觉。

3.人类利用自然科学去了解自然、改造自然。People use natural

science to understand and change nature.

4.Aristocratic and democratic tendencies in a nation often show

themselves in its speech.民族的贵族倾向和民族倾向常在其言语中表现出来。

5.我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。Let’s revise our safety and

sanitary regulations.

二、英语常用省略,但为了明确,也为了强调某些内容,在汉语中

常常要将省去的部分重译出来。如:

1.Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.无知是恐

惧的根源,也是惊奇/敬佩的根源。

2.I want to talk to you about the future, about our future together.我

想和你谈谈未来,谈谈我们共同的未来。

3.他们忘记了少数服从多数,下级服从上级,局部服从全体,全

党服从中央的民主集中制。They forget the democratic centralism which subordinates the minority to the majority, the lower level to the higher level, the part to the whole, and the whole Party to the Central Committee.

4.但是我们换是有缺点的,而且还有很大的缺点。But we still

have defects, and very big ones.

三、在汉译英时,往往还有下面两种情况:一是汉语重复,英译时

也重复;二是根据两种语言各自的习惯用法,以不同的表达方式进行重复,这种重复通常是为了传达原文的生动性,使译文渐入“雅”境。传达原文的生动性常使用的重复手段有单字的重复、词的重叠、四字对偶词组和两个四字词组。

1.谁知盘中餐,粒粒皆辛苦。

Who knows that ev’ry grain in the bowl

Is the fruit of so much pain and toil?

2.春眠不觉晓,处处闻啼鸟。

In spring we sleep a sleep that knows no dawn,

And everywhere the songs of birds resound.

3.What we want, first and foremost, is to learn, to learn and to

learn.

4.Don’t fancy any longer. To you, he is absolutely a man of loyalty.

别再胡思乱想了,他对你绝对是一心一意的。

5.He showed himself calm in an emergency situation.在危急情况

下,他从容不迫,镇定自若。

For more exercises, refer to 翻译练习11 at p. 131~132.

第二节增译法(amplification)

定义:为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯,必须增加一些词语。

增词的情况是各种各样的。总的规则是:为了使译文忠实传达原

文,需要增加什么就增加什么。增词的情况大致归纳如下:

1.增译的部分在原文中虽找不出对应词语,但为了忠实传达原文

信息,译文非增不可。

请对比下面2句话中文的英译文:

A. 现在,我代表第十六届中央委员会向大会作报告。

Now I would like to make a report to the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC)on behalf of the 16th Central Committee.

B. 抓住机遇,全面合作,共同发展。

Seize the opportunity for all-round cooperation and common development.

1)I am looking forward to the holidays. 我在等待假日的到来。

2) Flowers bloom all over the yard.朵朵鲜花开满了庭院。→增加

重叠词表示复数

3) It was said that his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as

poor as we are..听人说,从前他爸爸是个打鱼的。他过去也许跟我们现在一样穷。→时间上的对比

4)Many great writers were not appreciated fully while they were alive.许多大作家的作品在他们活着的时候得不到人们的充分欣赏。

5)A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.一轮红日从平静的海面冉冉升起。→增加量词

6)Lawrence bought a red Fiat last month. Lawrence上个月买了一辆红色菲亚特轿车。→给读者提供背景知识

7)老同志应支持中青年干部的工作,担负起传、帮、带的任务。

Old veteran carders should support the young and middle-aged cardres in their work and take on the task of helping and guiding the latter and passing on experience to them.

8)三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮。

Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the master mind.

9) 一个篱笆三个桩,一个好汉三个帮。

A fence needs the support of three stakes, an able fellow needs the

help of three other people.

10) 班门弄斧

Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter

2.增加动词

1)具体内容见课本p.116. 1. 增加动词

2)We won’t retreat, we never have and never will.我们不后退,

我们从来没有后退过,我们将来也决不后退。

3)Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness,

thrift avarice.

勇敢过度,即成蛮勇;感情过度,即成溺爱;节俭过度;

即成贪婪。

3.增加名词

1)具体内容见课本p.116. 3. 增加名词

2)M uch of our morality is customary.我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。

3)没有眼睛向下的决心,是一辈子也不会真正懂得中国的事情的。

Unless a person in interested in turning his eyes downward

and is determined to do so, he will never in his life really

understand things in China.

4.增加主谓结构

The journey which has brought me to Peking has been a very long one. Long when measured in miles. Long when measured in time.

我来北京的旅途是漫长的。用里程衡量,它是漫长的。用时间衡量,它也是漫长的。

5.增加定语

1)具体内容见课本p.121. 11. 增加定语

2)I cannot but be proud of your historic achievement.我不得不为你们所取得的历史性成就感到骄傲。

3)I can imagine the almost insuperable obstacles to the unity of a billion-odd people.我可以想象到要使10多亿人民团

结起来将遇到的几乎不可克服的困难。

6.增加状语或副词

1)具体内容见课本p.117.2 增加副词

2)T heory is something but practice is everything.理论固然重要,实践尤其重要。

3)H enry Kissinger had slept there before, in July and again in October.这之前,基辛格在7月和10月两度在那里下

榻。

4)中国政府将从本国国情出发,坚持以人为本、全面协调、可持续的科学发展观。Acting in line with the actual

conditions of China, the Chinese government will adhere

to the scientific concept of human-oriented, all-round

coordinated and sustainable development.

7.增加语气词

1)具体内容见课本p.119.6增加语气助词

2)T heir host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed healths.他们的主人,(又是)割啊,(又

是)倒啊,(又是)布菜啊,(又是)切面包啊,(又是)

谈啊,(又是)笑啊,(又是)敬酒啊,忙个不停。→概

8.增加代词

1)没有调查就没有发言权。He who makes no investigation

and study has no right to speak.

2)小不忍则乱不大谋。If one is not patient in small thing, one will be able to control great venture.

3)交出翻译之前,必须读几遍,看看有没有要修改的地方。

这样你才能把工作做好。Before handing in your

translation, you have to read it over and over again and see

if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only

thus can you do your work well.

9.增加连词:英汉互译,增加连词情况是常见的,因为英语的连

词比汉语使用得多。见课本p115~116.4增补表示逻辑关系的词语。

1)虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go foreward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.

2)吃饭防噎,走路防跌。While eating, take heed that you do not choke; while walking, take heed that you do not fall.

3)留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。

4)送君千里,终有一别。Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles, yet the parting must come at last.

5)只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。The magistrates are free to burn down houses while the common people are forbidden

even to light lamps.

6)小不忍则乱不大谋。If one is not patient in small thing,

one will be able to control great venture.

第三节减译法(省略法omission)

和其他一切事物一样,翻译也是有增有减。懂了增译法之后自然也就会懂得什么是减译法。把第二节中的例子倒译的话,所用的译法就不是增译法而是减译法了。

关于减译法,应该记住这样一条总原则:减译法是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来,因为译文中虽无其词而有其意,或者在译文中是不言而喻的;换言之,减译法是删去一些可有可无的,或者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文习惯表达法的词,但减译并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。

在英语中,冠词、连词、代词(尤其是人称代词、关系代词)、关系副词等经常使用,但译成汉语时几乎很少出现,,使译文忠实而地道,符合汉语的表达习惯。

1.Mr. Bingley was good-looking and gentle-like. Mr. Bingley风度翩

翩,彬彬有礼。

2.A wise man will not marry a woman who has attainments but no

virtue.聪明的人是不会娶有才无德的女子为妻的。

3.A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul

is a man.

4.But while we cannot close the gulf between us, we can try to bridge

it so that we may be able to talk across it. 但是,虽然我们不能弥合双方之间的鸿沟,我们却能够设法搭起一座桥梁,以便我们

能够越过它进行会谈。

5.我们要培养分析问题、解决问题的能力。

6.得寸进尺。If you give him an inch, he will take a mile.

7.翻译练习9→p.114

第四节词类转移法(conversion)

定义:在翻译时,由于两种语言在语法和习惯表达上的差异,在保证原文意思不变的情况下,译文必须改变词类这就叫词类转移法。

这种方法不仅指词类的改变,而且还包括词类作用的改变和一定词序的变化。当然主要是指词类的变化,如原文中的名词可以转移成译文中的动词等词类。

众所周知,语言是个无限生成的系统,在翻译实践中,词类转移的情况也是千变万化的。重要的是,要知道在翻译实践中为了保证译文忠于原文并使译文合乎表达习惯,可以改变词类。

1.I’ll take you at the turn.你一转身我就要捉你。(n.→v.)

2.I think the essence of wisdom is emancipation, as far as possible,

from the tyranny of the here and the now. 我认为,智慧的要素在于尽可能地从此时此地的压制下解放出来。(n.→v.)

3.His sister is a great liar.他妹妹老是说谎。(n.→v.)

4.But while we cannot close the gulf between us, we can try to bridge

it so that we may be able to talk across it. 但是,虽然我们不能弥

合双方之间的鸿沟,我们却能够设法搭起一座桥梁,以便我们能够越过它进行会谈。(prep. →v.)

5.Our age is witnessing a profound political change. 我们的时代是

深刻的政治变化的见证。(v.→n)

6.He was a frustrated man at that time. 他那时已受挫折。(形→动)

7.The volume of trade has increased tremendously to the advantage

of both countries.贸易的巨增给两国带来了益处。(动+副→形+名)

8.We are enemies of all wars, but above all of dynastic wars.我们反

对一切战争,特别是反对王朝战争。(系表结构+of→动)

9.No wonder the sight of it should send the memories of quite a

number of people of the old generation back 36 years ago.难怪老一辈的许多人见了这个就会想到36年前的往事。(名+of短语→动宾结构)

10.T here is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods

in every part of our country.目前我国各地对各种消费品的需要量已大大增加。(形+名→副+动,从句子结构看,介词短语→主语)

11.T housands of Chinese overseas have asked to be permitted to return

to China, but they have met with all sorts of unreasonable obstacles, which have prevented them from returning to their motherland.成千上万的中国侨民要求回国,但受到种种无理阻挠,以致不能

回到祖国。(定→状)

12.林则徐认为,要成功地禁止鸦片买卖,就得首先把鸦片焚毁。

Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium must preceded by the destruction of the drug itself. (副+动→形+名;动→名)

13.“一定要少说空话,多做工作。”There must be less empty talk and

more hard work. (副+动+宾→形+主)

14.在20世纪50年代初期,美帝企图征服朝鲜,从而进犯中国,

但最后中朝军民打败了他们。In the early 1950s,the U.S.

imperialists tried to conquer Korea and thereby to invade China, but were finally defeated by the army and people of Korea and China. (动宾结构→主谓结构)

15.全党同志一定要认识反腐败斗争的长期性、复杂性、艰巨性,

把反腐倡廉建设放在更加突出的位置,旗帜鲜明地反对腐败。

All Party members must be fully aware that fighting corruption will be a protracted, complicated and arduous battle, attach greater importance to combating corruption and upholding integrity and take a clear stand against corruption. (“长期性、复杂性、艰巨性”

三个名词→作形容词用的pp或形容词;“反对”→介词against;

“鲜明地”副词→形容词clear; 增词→battle;减词→建设)

16.请做课本142页的翻译练习12。

第五节词序调整法(inversion)

词序调整法就是课本中p.149第六节的换序法。

Inversion作为一种翻译技巧,其意思是,翻译时对词序做必要或必不可少的改变,并不只是纯粹的颠倒词序或倒装。它和语法上的倒装概念不一样。语法倒装一般是指主语与谓语或与谓语的一部分颠倒位置。

某些语言学家所说的九种倒装,是语法概念,是指同一种语言内的倒装情况,右其各自独特的语言构成方式。这些情况与方式和它们被翻译成另一种语言后的语言构成形式并非完全相同。是对比语法上的倒装例句的英文及其译文:

1.Interrogative inversion(疑问倒装)

What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做什么了?

2.Imperative inversion(命令到装)

“Speak you,”, said Mr. Black, “speak you, good fellow!”布莱克先生命令道“说,说吧!伙计!”

3.Exclamatory inversion(惊叹倒装)

How dreadful is this place!这地方好可怕呀!

4.Hypothetical inversion(假设倒装)

5.Balance inversion(平衡倒装)

Through a gap came an elaborately described ray.从一个空洞透出一束精心设计的光线。

6.Link inversion(衔接倒装)

On this depends the whole argument.整个争论都以此为依据。

7.Signpost inversion(点题倒装)

By strategy is meant something wider.战略的意义比较广。

8.Negative inversion(否定倒装)

Not a word did he say.他只字未说。

9.Metrical inversion(韵律倒装)

在诗行中常用此倒装。如:As pants the hart for cooling streams. (在一般散文或小说中的正常语序中这行诗应为:As the hart pants for cooling streams意为:因为公鹿渴望清亮的小溪。)

词序调整在英汉互译中运用是非常普遍的,不管是短语翻译,还是句子翻译的翻译,都是如此。

一、短语翻译

1.Miss Fang

2.Room 119

3.April 20,2013

4.ill-tempered,well-conducted

5.East China华东

6.north, south, east and west东西南北

7.英汉地址的写法

二、句子翻译

1.前置法:p.149

1)It is a room twelve feet wide and fifteen feet long. 这是一间

12英尺宽15英尺长的房间。(定语前置)

2)The density of a body can be found providing its mass and volume are known.如果已知物体的质量和体积,就可以求出其密度。(状语从句前置)

3)He was the only man alive in the village. (定语前置)

4)What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend those differences. 使我们走到一起的,是我们有超越这些分歧的共同利益。(定语从句前置)

5)Sidney, who died in battle when he was only thirty-two years old, was not only a great soldier, but a brilliant scholar and poet as well.32岁战死沙场的Sidney不仅是位勇敢的士兵,而且还是一位才华横溢的学者和诗人。(定语从句前置)(这句话也可采取分译法,按照汉语的叙述习惯,重新组合句子:Sidney战死沙场,时年仅32岁。他不仅是位勇敢的士兵,而且还是一位才华横溢的学者和诗人。)

6)世界历史上的许多风云人物,对家都有着深深的眷恋。

Many great personages in the world history had deep affections for their homes. (介词短语前置)

7)能源、交通、通信等基础设施和重点工程建设成效显著。

Notable achievements were scored in the construction of infrastructure including energy, transport and telecommunications facilities and other key projects. (原文的

最后四个字译为句首的两个英文词。)

8)坚持社会主义道路、坚持人民民主专政、坚持中国共产党的领导、坚持马克思列宁主义毛泽东思想这四项基本原则,是我们的立国之本。The Four Cardinal Principles to keep to the socialist road, and uphold the people’s democratic dictatorship, leadership by the Communist Party of China, and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong thought are the foundation on which to build the country.(此例中“四项基本原则”的英

译是明显的词序调整。)

2.倒置法:p.151

1)It will be seen that the possesses above involve a change in

either the magnitude of or the direction of the velocity of a

body.可以预见,上述过程不是涉及物体速度大小的变化

就是涉及物体速度方向的变化。(部分倒置)

2)It is strictly true that scarcely a fly or mosquito can be seen

in the town and cholera and smallpox are no more.这座城

镇几乎见不到一只苍蝇和蚊子,霍乱和天花已经绝迹,

这是千真万确的。(部分倒置)

3)③Closely linked with the increased use of computers is①

the increased use of machines instead of man power to do

the jobs②which can be most easily done by machines.越

来越多地使用计算机代替人力来完成那些机器很容易完

成的工作任务,(这种发展趋势是)与越来越多地使用计

算机密切相关的。

3.拆离法:p.152

1)The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic

achievements.中国人民为他们在经济上取得的成就而自

豪,这是无可非议的。

2)In the days that followed I learned to spell in this

uncomprehending way a great many words.从此以后,我

就这样学着拼写,虽然并不理解意思,却也拼出了许多

单词。

3)But, without Adolf Hitler, who was possessed of a demoniac

personality, a granite will, uncanny instincts, a cold

ruthlessness, a remarkable intellect, a soaring imagination

and ---until toward the end, when drunk with power and

success, he overreached himself---an amazing capacity to

size up people and situations, there almost certainly would

never have been a Third Reich.然而,如果没有阿道夫.希特

勒,那就几乎可以肯定不会有第三帝国。因为阿道夫.希

特勒有着恶魔般的性格,花岗岩的意志,不可思议的本

能,冷酷哦无情的心肠,超人的智慧,不寻常的想象力

以及对人和局势的惊人的判断力,这种判断力最后由于

权力和胜利冲昏了头脑而不自量力。

4.插入法:p.153

1) As the sun set he remembered, to give himself more

confidence, the time in the tavern at Casablanca when he had played the hand game with the great negro from Cienfuegos who was the strongest man on the docks.夕阳西下的时候,他为了增强自己的信心,回忆起但年他在卡萨布兰卡的酒馆,跟那个身体最棒的码头工、从西恩富戈斯来的黑人大汉掰手腕的事。

5.重组法:p.156

James Brindley of Staffordshire started his self-made career in 1733 by working at mill wheels, at the age of seventeen, having been born poor in a village.斯坦福郡的詹姆斯.布林德雷,出生于一个贫苦的农村家庭;1733年,他17岁,就着手改良磨坊的车轮,从而开始了他那自我奋斗的生涯。(分析:这句话,译文在结构上与原文有很大的不同。原文先说他的事业,再说他具体做了什么,最后说他的年龄与出身。译文则相反,先说出身,再说他哪年做了什么事,最后才说这件事在他一生中的意义。汉语叙事的顺序往往是和事件发生的顺序大体一致的。译文按照汉语的叙事顺序,对原文的结构进行了较大的改动。)

第六节分译法(division)

定义、优点:p.158

1.China’s vast size and resources, her extraordinary economic progress

over recent years,// have made her an increasing important player in the modern international economy.中国地大物博(中国幅员辽阔,资源丰富),近年来经济迅猛发展,这使得中国在现代国际经济中成为越来越重要的力量。

2.In the spirit of frankness which I hope will characterize our talks this

week, //let us recognize at the outset these points: …我希望我们在本周的会谈是坦率的。让我们本着这种坦率的精神从一开始就承认这样几点:

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/6315064399.html,urence visited us in place of John who was unfortunately ill. 约翰

不幸病了,所以劳伦斯替他看望了我们。

4.The civil war, lasting four years and costing at least a million lives,

civilian and military, was the most extensive war ever fought on the soil of the New World, a war that proved to the planters in a revolutionary way that human beings in America could no longer be bought or sold, worked and killed at will to serve the profit of parasitic landowners. 美国的南北战争历时四年之久,夺走了以百万军民的生命,是在新大陆进行过的规模最大的一次战争,这次战争以革命的方式使种植园主认识到:在美国,再也不能为了寄生的土地所有者的利益而把人任意买卖、任意驱使、任意杀害了。(一长句提及多方面的内容,可以在分译中重译原文中的某个关键性词语。)

5.Thus it happened that when the new factories that were springing up

required labour, tens of thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workers, with their wives and children,were forced into the cities in search of work, any work, under any condition, that would keep them alive.于是,就出现了这样的情况,正当新版的工厂纷纷成立、需要劳动力的时候,成千上万无家可归、饥肠辘辘的从事农业的劳动者,携妻带儿,被迫流入城市;他们要找活干,不管什么活,不讲什么条件,只要不让他们饿死就行。(一个长句包含多不逻辑推理,英译汉时可用分译法。)

6.汉语长句英译的分译

1)①要抓紧时机,加快发展,实施科教兴国战战略、人才强国战

略和可持续发展战略,充分发挥科学技术作为第一生产力的作

用,②依靠科技进步,提高劳动者素质,促进国民经济又好又

快发展。(汉语长句中含有几个平行的句子,各讲一个方面的

内容。)

The Party must lose no time in speeding up development, implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, the strategy of strengthening the nation with trained personnel and the strategy of sustainable development, to give full play to the role of science and technology as the primary production force. The Party must take advantage of the advancement of science and technology to improve the quality of workers and promote sound and rapid development of the national economy.

第三章 常用翻译技巧

第三章常用翻译技巧 了解和掌握一定的翻译技巧有助于提高我们的翻译能力,一般而言,大致有下述8种基本技巧:1) 选词用字(Diction)2) 增词法(Amplification)3) 省略法(Omission)4) 转换法(Conversion)5) 重复法(Repetition)6) 语序调整(Inversion) 7) 正说反译,反说正译(Negation)8) 长句拆译(Division) &分清主从(Subordination)。 3.1 选词用字 简而言之就是“choice of words” (选词用字),就是说,在理解原文时,由于汉、英两种语言在行文用字、表达方式上的差异,对一些词或短语的理解必须结合上下文进行推敲,找出它们的内涵意义(connotation),再在译文中选用恰当的词汇使表达准确而通顺,符合译文习惯。 例1.Neat people buy everything in expensive little single portions. 译1:爱整洁的人经常买贵的、小的单一的东西。× 译2:办事讲究的人买什么都注重少而精,愿买贵的。√ 例2.They want quality, but at a budget price. 译1:他们需要质量,但却要预算价格。× 译2:他们又要货好,又要价格合算。√ 例3.On Taiwan there was little grace and less give between the two sides. (1)“little grace”和“less give”:“几乎没有优雅”、“更少的给予”?言不达意且文脉不通。 (2) 必须推敲它们在此上下文中的具体意义:既然是政治谈判,所谓“优雅”不就是“讲礼貌、讲客气”、“give”不就是“让步、妥协”之意吗? (3) “less”一词更须注意,它是前面“little”的比较级,说明“give”比“grace”更少。译文如下: 在台湾问题上,双方几乎没有多少客气可讲,更谈不上让步了。 例4. Whichever way you choose to visit Zhengzhou , you will reach here quickly and enjoy a comfortable stay, because Zhengzhou has a wide range of accommodation to suit all budgets and tastes… 文中“stay”“tastes”二字极其通俗,而“budgets”却又十分抽象。如何在译文中用符合行业规范的词语表达值得推敲。直译“逗留”“预算”“口味”均不合适,读者无法接受。根据上下文语义,结合目前流行的说法,“下榻”、“档次”、“品味”译得恰到好处。

四种翻译方法,十种翻译技巧

四种翻译方法 1.直译和意译 所谓直译,就是在译文语言条件许可时,在译文中既保持原文的内容,又保持原文的形式——特别指保持原文的比喻、形象和民族、地方色彩等。 每一个民族语言都有它自己的词汇、句法结构和表达方法。当原文的思想内容与译文的表达形式有矛盾不宜采用直译法处理时,就应采用意译法。意译要求译文能正确表达原文的内容,但可以不拘泥与原文的形式。(张培基) 应当指出,在再能确切的表达原作思想内容和不违背译文语言规范的条件下,直译有其可取之处,一方面有助于保存原著的格调,另一方面可以进新鲜的表达方法。 Literal translation refers to an adequate representation of the original. When the original coincides or almost tallies with the Chinese language in the sequence of vocabulary, in grammatical structure and rhetorical device, literal translation must be used. Free translation is also called liberal translation, which does not adhere strictly to the form or word order of the original.(郭著章) 直译法是指在不违背英语文化的前提下,在英译文中完全保留汉语词语的指称意义,求得内容和形式相符的方法。

常用翻译技巧.

1)Diction(选词用字) 2)Amplification(增词法) 3)Omission(省略法) 4)Conversion(转换法) 5)Repetition(重复法) 6)Inversion(语序调整) 7)Negation(正说反译,反说正译) 8)Division (长句拆译) & Subordination(分清主从) 例1. Neat people buy everything in expensive little single portions. 意译:办事讲究的人买什么都讲少而精,愿买贵的。 √ 例2.They want quality, but at a budget price. 意译:他们又要货好,又要价格合算。√ people at budget:精打细算过日子的人 例3.On Taiwan there was little grace and less give between the two sides. 在台湾问题上,双方几乎没有多少客气可讲,更谈

不上让步了。 例4. Whichever way you choose to visit Zhengzhou , you will reach here quickly and enjoy a comfortable stay, because Zhengzhou has a wide range of accommodation to suit all budgets and tastes… 试译:无论乘坐何种交通工具都能迅速抵达郑州,下榻此处会让你倍感舒适,这里的住宿条件能充分满足各种档次和品味的要求……。 例4.New HSR and Maglev would have all-new, state-of-the-art train control system. The Accelerail options were estimate with train control systems providing speed and authority enforcement. 译文:新型高速列车或磁浮列车须装置全新的、造形精美的列车操纵系统,可供选用的列车操纵系统必须能提供速度和(威力)强大的加速力。 例6.一幢乡村小学的教学楼,建了7年还是个半拉子工程。 The construction of the teaching building of a village school, which was started seven years ago, has ended up a

翻译的八大常用技巧

1. 重译法:为了明确、为了强调、为了生动 2. 增译法:为了更忠实于原文的意思,而又更合乎译文的表达习惯 3. 减译法:源语言与目标语言互换的时候增译法就成了减译法 4. 词类转移法:语言之间表达习惯的差异迫使译文中词类发生改变,词序有时也随之变化 5. 词序调整法:语言之间构成形式并非完全相同,做必不可少的词序改变 6. 分译法:主要用于长句的翻译,有时存在于词语语义的分译 7. 正反翻译法:由于语言的习惯差异---正话反说,反话正说 8. 语态变换法:主要指英汉两种语言间的主动与被动语态的转换 In the event of one of the contracting parties being attacked by Japan or any other state allied with it and thus being involved in a state of war, the other contracting party will immediate render military and other assistance with all means at its disposal. 一旦缔约国的一方受到日本或者与日本同盟的任何国家之侵袭,因而处于战争状态时,缔约国的另一方即尽全力给与军事及其他援助。 We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题,解决问题。 A large family has its difficulties. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。 Our old clothes and few sticks of furniture have been pawned or sold. 这几件旧衣服和这些旧家具,当的当了,卖的卖了。 Lightly floats and drifts the boat, and gently flows and flaps my gown.

英汉互译技巧

韩刚B2A“译点通”笔译独家秘笈之:汉译英十大技巧 一、中文结构“三步走”。主要是指涉及政府外宣类题材的句子结构划分技巧。所谓“三步走”,具体是指:中文长句中,第一步给出理念、指导方针或原则,第二步具体阐述在这种方针原则的指导下都做了什么或者要做什么,第三步给出结果或者要实现的目标。在具体行文时,可以按照“每一步”信息的多少进行“逐步”切句或者灵活整合。有了“三步走”原则,长句一点儿都不可怕!这一汉英句式逻辑分析技巧在实操训练中非常实用也极易掌握!详见各循环相关实例分析。 二、“孰轻孰重”要分明。主要是指中英句子结构差异:中文结构“前轻后重”,中文结构事实、背景在前,表态、判断、结论在后,英文恰恰相反,是“前重后轻”。结构差异了然于胸,“表态判断为主,事实背景为从”,在翻译时有了这样一个主从句框架搭建原则,逻辑一目了然,译文自然“行云流水”!详见各循环相关实例分析。 三、结构搭建“三剑客”。主要是指汉译英时结构搭建常用的三个功能词或形式,即as, ing, with。译文结构好不好,它们说了算!可以不夸张地说,谁尽早熟练掌握了这三个功能词或形式,谁就能尽早步入汉英翻译的殿堂!详见各循环相关实例分析。 四、同义重复“并译”行。主要是指中文具有前后呼应、信息重叠的特点,经常使用四字甚至八字表达同一意思,英译时必须压缩合并减译,提取核心意思,力求简洁、流畅,如:骄傲与自豪,千山万水,你中有我、我中有你,等等。中文还有一个典型特点,即“双动词现象”,如:调整和优化,提高和加强,保障和改善民生,加强和完善。以“调整和优化”为例,这两个词在具体上下文中往往属于同义动词,调整的目的就是优化,而优化就是一种调整,直接取同义翻译即可。详见各循环相关实例分析。 五、“千变万化”增张力。主要是指中英翻译要“千变万化”,“同义发散”,选取不同角度对同一内容进行诠释,使用同义词进行替换等等,以此来凸显英文语言的多变性。这与平时大家学习英文写作的要求完全一致,即,同义词替换多多益善!要从写作的高度看翻译!详见各循环相关实例分析。 六、具体、概括“不相容”。主要是指汉英翻译的原则之一“舍宏观概括、取微观具体”。中文里往往会在具体信息后添加概括信息,如:“以人为本”的理念、“先到先得”的韩刚B2A“译点通”: 90天攻克CATTI三级笔译6

8, 翻译常用八种方法(考试复习)

考试复习 一、选择题(每小题1分,共20分) 翻译常见的八种技巧: 1.重复repetition 在翻译中被称为一种技巧,自然就不是一般所说的不必要的重复,而是一种必不可少的方法。可以这样确定它的定义:在翻译中,有时为了忠实于原文,不得不重复某些词语,否则就不能忠实表达原文的意思。这种反复使用某些词语于翻译的方法就叫重译法。一般说来,重译法有如下三个作用:一是为了明确;二是为了强调;三是为了生动。 We have to analyze and solve problems.我们要分析问题,解决问题。 2.增译addition/amplification 什么叫增译法?我们可以这样确定它的定义:为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯,必须增加一些词语,这就叫增译法。 送君千里,终有一别。 Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles,yet the parting must come at last.

3.减译法deletion 和其他一切事物一样,翻译也是有增必有减。懂了增译法之后自然也就会懂得什么是减译法。它是增译法的反面:以同一个译例来说,在英译汉中如果用增译法的话,在汉译英中自然就要用减译法了。把第二节中的31个例子倒译的话(即把汉译英改为英译汉或把英译汉变为汉译英),所用的译法就不是增译法而是减译法了。 关于减译法,应该记住这样一条总原则:减译法是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来,因为译文中虽无其词而已有其意,或者在译文中是不言而喻的;换言之,减译法是删去一些可有可无的,或者有了反嫌累赘或违背译文习惯表达法的词,但减译并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。 此外,冠词、连词、代词(尤其是人称代词、关系代词)、关系副词,等等,在英语中经常使用,但译成汉语时几乎很少出现,要使译文忠实而地道,减译法就自然必不可少了。例如: A book is useful. 书(是)有用(的)。 4.词类转移法conversion 在翻译时,由于两种语言在语法和习惯表达

常用十大翻译技巧之一:增译法

常用十大翻译技巧之一:增译法 英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中,也可以运用于口译过程中,而且应该用得更加熟练,因为口译工作的特点决定了译员没有更多的时间进行思考。 1、增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。如: (1)What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语) (2)If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句)

catti十大翻译技巧

十大翻译技巧 (一) 同义反译法 1. Only three customers remained in the bar. 酒吧间只有三个顾客还没有走。(不译:“还留着”或“还呆在那里”) 2. I'll be here for good this time. 这一次我再也不走了。(不译:“永远在此呆下去”) 3. Please keep the fire burning when I'm out. 我不在家的时候,别让炉子灭了。(不译:“我外出时,请让炉子继续烧着”) 4. "Wait, he is serious." 等等,他不是说着玩儿的。(不译:”等等,他是认真的。“) 5. "Now, Clara, be firm with the boy!" 听我说,克拉拉,对这孩子可不能心软。(不译:”......对这孩子要坚定“) (二) 删减解释词 The traveller in the south must often have remarked that peculiar air of refinement, that softness of voice and manner, which seems in many cases to be a particular gift to the quotation and mulatto women. 到南方去的人看见那些黑白混血的女郎,一定会注意到她们十之八九都有那种独特的优雅风度、那种温柔的声音和文静的举止。 (三) 短句拆译 " ...on one sunshiny morning in June , ..." 在六月里的一天早上,天气晴朗...... (四) 译词推陈出新 When he might well have acted with boldness, he found himself filled with doubts, scruples and equivocations, in addition to the ordinary fears of a lower. 原译:当他可以大胆行动的时候,他发现自己除了一个情人所具有的那种普通的害怕之外,心里还充满怀疑、顾虑和踌躇。改译:等到他不妨放胆去追求的时候,他却迟疑不定,顾虑重重。至于一般堕入情网的人那种常有的提心吊胆的心理,那就更是难免的了。 (五) 解释性添词 "George, I'm ashamed of you! George, I couldn't have believed you would have done it! I always knew you to be a rolling stone that gathered no moss; but I never thought you would have taken away what little moss there was for Bagnet and the children to lie upon," said Mrs. Bagnet. ”乔治,我真替你害臊﹗乔治,想不到你会干出这种事情来﹗俗话说得好:滚着的碌碡不长苔,流浪的汉子不攒财。我早知道你就是这么一个流浪汉﹗可真没有想到你连贝格纳特和孩子们靠它过活的那一点点财也骗走“,贝格纳特太太说道。 (六) 词无定译 It is quite useless to ask whether Vanderbilt was criminally prosecuted or civilly sued by the Government. Not only was he unmolested, but two years later, he carried on another huge swindle upon the Government under peculiary heinous conditions. 我们根本不必追问政府是否根据刑法或民法对范德比尔特提出起诉。范德比尔特不

英汉互译技巧

第五次课 I.应该没有考Change of voice 被动语态和主动语态的变化 Four situations when passive voice is used in English: 1.When the agent is not known or is not necessary to know 2.When emphasis is on the action or the object rather than on the agent 3.When the speaker is not willing to reveal the agent 4.When use of passive constructions can help link the sentence with its context 可以翻译成英语被动句的汉语句子包括(反之亦然): 1.有标志的汉语被动句:“受、挨、遭、遭受、被、得到、给、叫、让、由、为……所、加以、予以、等等” 2.无标志的汉语被动句:形式主动,意义被动 3.部分无主句可以翻译成英语被动句 4.一些习惯用语可以翻译成英语被动句或It句型:“有人、人们、大家”作主语;“据说、据报道、据推测、据估计、据信、可以肯定、必须指出、有人主张、众所周知 等等” 他粗心大意,应当受到批评。不用被批评 He should be criticized for his carelessness. 这个问题必须在适当的时候予以处理。不用被处理被动语态在翻译的时候尽量不用被字 The problem must be dealt with at an appropriate time. 代表将由民主协商选举产生。 The representatives will be elected after democratic consultation. 艾滋病病毒只能通过血液或其他体液传播。 The AIDS virus is only transmitted by blood and other body fluids. 血债要用血来还。 Blood debts will have to be paid in blood. 到现在为止还没有得出结论。 So far no conclusion has been arrived at. 为这事已经拨了大笔款项。 A large sum of money has been put aside for that purpose. 可以有把握地说,会议会如期举行。 It may be safely said that the meeting will be held on schedule. 人们发现橡胶是很好的绝缘体。 Rubber is found to be a good insulating material. 据说人在弥留之际都要回顾他的一生,就像看一部电影,一切都历历在目。 It is said a dying person tends to recollect his whole life, like seeing a film. II.不考Positive and Negative ways of expressing an idea Negation in translation: 正说反译/反说正译法。为了使译文忠实而合乎语言习惯地传达原文的意思,有时必须把原文中的肯定说法变成译文中的否定说法,或把原文中的否定说法变成译文中的肯定说法。

英语翻译的十大方法

英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中,也可以运用于口译过程中,而且应该用得更加熟练,因为口译工作的特点决定了译员没有更多的时间进行思考。 一、增译法 指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。如: ①、What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何(增译主语和谓语) ②、If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句) ③、Indeed, the reverse is true. 实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词) ④、就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。 Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词) ⑤、只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。 While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. (增译连词) ⑥、这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。 This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增译介词) ⑦、在人权领域,中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。 In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.(增译暗含词语) ⑧、三个臭皮匠,合成一个诸葛亮。 Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.(增译注释性词语) 二、省译法 这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法,即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词,以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。又如: ①、You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing. 你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。(省译物主代词) ②、I hope you will enjoy your stay here.

英语 常用十大翻译技巧

英语常用十大翻译技巧

常用十大翻译技巧之一:增译法 增译法: 指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。如: (1)What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语) (2)If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句) (3)Indeed, the reverse is true. 实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词) (4)就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。 Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词) (5)只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。 While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. (增译连词) (6)这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。 This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增译介词)

翻译常用的八种技巧

翻译常用的八种技巧 一、常用的翻译技巧 1. 重复法(repetition) 2. 增译法(amplification) 3. 减译法(omission) 4. 词类转移法(conversion) 5. 词序调整法(inversion) 6. 分译法(division) 7. 正说反译, 反说正译法(negation) 8. 语态变换法(the change of the voices) 1. 重复法 汉语重复,英译时也重复; 根据两种语言各自的习惯用法,以不同的表达方式进行重复,这种重复通常是为了传达原文的生动性. We have to analyze and solve problems. 我们要分析问题,解决问题。 Let’s revise our safety and sanitary regulations. 我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。 Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace --- but there is no peace. 先生们尽管可以高呼和平,和平!但是依然没有和平。 Nels had it all written out neatly. 纳尔斯把它写得清清楚楚。 青青河边草, 郁郁园中柳。 Green grows the grass upon the bank, The willow shoots are long and lank. 2. 增译法 为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格并使译文合乎表达习惯,必须增加一些词语,这就叫增译法. 增词义增加虚词为多,也可酌量增加实词。 英译汉时经常增加的词有结构词、数量词、概念词、语气词等。 从增补的功能来看,可以分为结构增补、意义增补和修辞增补。 I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到来。 Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。 Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人精确。

常用十大翻译技巧之五:正译法和反译法

常用十大翻译技巧之五:正译法和反译法 5.正译法和反译法:这两种方法通常用于汉译英,偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译,是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果,但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。如: (1)在美国,人人都能买到枪。 In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. (正译) In the United States, guns are available to everyone. (反译) (2)你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。 You can obtain this information on the Internet. (正译) This information is accessible/available on the Internet. (反译)(3)他突然想到了一个新主意。 Suddenly he had a new idea. (正译) He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正译) A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. (反译) (4)他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。 He still could not understand me. (正译) Still he failed to understand me. (反译) (5)无论如何,她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。 She can hardly be rated as a bright student. (正译) She is anything but a bright student. (反译) (6) Please withhold the document for the time being. 请暂时扣下这份文件。(正译) 请暂时不要发这份文件。(反译) 1 ——文章来源网络,仅供参考

英汉互译技巧4

第二章英汉语言对比 A comparison between English and Chinese 第一部分 Part One If one wants to be a qualified translator, one should, first of all, have a penetrating study and careful comparison of the similarities and differences between these two languages so that one may find the corresponding laws and methods in the translation between them, do translation effectively and ensure the quality of translation. 刘重德《文学翻译十讲》 Procedures of today ?Similarities between English and Chinese ?Differences between English and Chinese (vocabularies and grammars) ?Exercises in class ?Assignments of today 英汉语言的相同之处 similarities ?词类划分: ?汉语: 实词(content word): 名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、量词 虚词(empty word):介词、连词、语气词、助词(结构助词―的‖、―地‖、―得‖,时态助词―着‖、―了‖、―过‖,情态助词―吗‖、―呢‖、―吧‖、―啊‖、―嘛‖、―了‖等)?英语: 实词(content word): 名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词 虚词(function word):介词、连词、冠词、助动词(shall, will, have/has, do/does/did/done, be) ?英语量词,汉语冠词 ?E.g. a chair, the earth, a book, etc. 英汉语言的相同之处 similarities ?词类划分 ?句子要素:都有主语、谓语、宾语(表语)、定语和状语的划分。特别是主语和谓语,从本质上来说都是英、汉两种语言的主要组成框架(S+V+O/P) e.g. I like your new hairstyle. 我喜欢你的新发型。 It is cute. 它很可爱。

常见的八种逻辑关系级翻译技巧

常见的八种逻辑关系 1,并列关系: and, and also, or, neither…nor, either…or, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, same…as 2,递进关系: then, also, besides, additionally, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what is more 3,因果关系: because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so(such) …that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, as a result, because of, in that, in response to, with, for this reason, lead to, too…to 4,转折关系: but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately, while, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of 5,让步关系: although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of 6,列举关系: first—second—last of all, first—then, to begin with—to continue/next, on one hand—on the other hand, for one thing—for another thing, one—another, some—others—still others 7,举例关系: such as, for example, for instance, of these/those/them, among these/those/them, to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely 8,总结关系: in all, in brief, in short, in a word, in conclusion, altogether, to sum up, to summarize, to conclude, to generalize, to put it in one word 翻译技巧 技巧之一:“定语从句”的翻译 总的原则: ”长后短前” (和主句比) 类定语从句:1)、限定性 (没逗号);2)、非限定性 (有逗号). 1)、限定性定语从句:A. 较短 --- 直译为前置定语, 并加”的”; e.g. It is the book which interets me.这是一本我感兴趣(的)书. B. 较长 --- 译为另一个分句, 重复先行词; e.g. They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. 他们正在为实现一个理想而努力, 这个理想是每个中国人所珍惜的, 在过去, 许多中国人曾为这个理想牺牲了自己的生命.

最常用的十大英语翻译技巧

最常用的十大翻译技巧 转载自:花开有声转载于:2010-06-22 13:41 | 分类:转载的阅读:(1) 评论:(0) 常用十大翻译技巧之一:增译法 英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异,因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难,需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中,也可以运用于口译过程中,而且应该用得更加熟练,因为口译工作的特点决定了译员没有更多的时间进行思考。 1、增译法:指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使 用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。 如: (1)What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何?(增译主语和谓语) (2)If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句) (3) Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词) (4)就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。 Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词) (5)只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。 While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. (增译连词) (6)这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。 This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增译介词) (7)在人权领域,中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。

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