考研英语(一)英汉翻译高分特训100篇-翻译攻略【圣才出品】

第1章考研英语（一）翻译攻略

1.1考研英语（一）翻译题型介绍

一、综述

考研英语（一）阅读C节，即英译汉部分要求考生阅读一篇约为400词的英语文章，文章中有5个画线部分，约150词，要求考生在30分钟内将其译为汉语，并要求译文准确、完整、通顺。

根据大纲规定，考研英语（一）的评分标准如下：

1．五个小题，每题两分，共10分。

2．如果句子译文扭曲原文意思，该句得分最多不得超过0.5分。

3．如果某考生给出两种或两种以上的译法，若均正确，给分；若其中一种译法错误，不给分。

4．汉语错别字，不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。在不影响意思的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5分。

二、命题特点

（1）选文特点

①体裁多样，以议论文和说明文为主。

②题材广泛，英译汉所选用的文章大多摘自原版刊物或读物，内容涉及社会生活、科普知识、文化教育、人物传记等几个方面。

下表是历年真题选文具体信息：

（2）设题特点

通过对近年来试题的分析研究中，我们发现，英译汉部分的命题有以下几个明显的趋势：

①从语法来看

近年来难度有所降低，长句、难句逐步变少。适当降低英译汉文章的难度，以便要求考生在对文章深层次理解的同时，掌握并运用最基本的翻译技巧。

②从词汇来看

一词多义，一词转义现象增多。要求考生必须根据上下文灵活地选择词义或将词义加以引申。从这一点讲，词汇难度有增加的趋势。如考题中的代词，如this、that、it、they等

情况复杂，往往不是单纯地指代一个简单的名词，而是指代上下文的一件事或一个观点等，考生需要根据上下文准确把握其中的意思。尤其是当一个代词指代的是后面的内容时，较难把握，更需要考生仔细阅读上下文了。

③从翻译技巧来看

越来越重视考生掌握和运用基本翻译技巧的能力，并要求考生具有相当的中文水平。基本的翻译技巧训练是迅速提高本部分得分的有效途径。

1.2英语与汉语的差异

英语和汉语是有着很大差异的。首先对这些差异有一个总体印象，在做题时就能得心应手。差异主要表现在：

1．形合与意合

英语重形合，而汉语重意合。也就是说，英语注重使用很多连词，而在汉语中，句与句之间使用连词的情况不如英语普遍。如“早知今日，何必当初？”英语表述为“If I had known it would come to this,I would have acted differently.”

2．具体与抽象

英语中多用具体的词语，少用一些抽象的概念，而汉语中使用抽象的概念较多。如“吃一堑，长一智”的英文表述是“A fall in the pit,a gain in the wit.”

3．汉语与英语的词序与语序，结构都存在很大差异

英语多用被动语态，汉语多用主动语态。在英译汉时，最好变英语中的被动表达方式为汉语表达中的主动形式，这样才符合汉语的语言习惯。

4．简洁最美

翻译时尽可能用简短的语言，省略不必要的词语和词组。切忌累赘。有时一句话，汉语中的表达很简洁，而英语的相应表达形式很繁琐，有时则相反。

1.3考研英语（一）翻译的基本方法和技巧

翻译首先要正确理解原文。然后创造性的用中文把它表述出来。因此，英译汉的过程包括理解，分析句架表达和校核三个阶段，理解是表达的前提，若不能正确地理解原文就谈不上确切的表达，但理解与表达通常是互相联系，往返反复的过程，在进行汉语表达的时候，又可以进一步加深对原文的理解，因此，在英译汉的过程中，往往需要考生从英语到汉语，再从汉语到英语反复的推敲。

一、理解

联系上下文进行理解。联系一个句子，一个段落，一章，整篇文章来准确理解作者的思路和意图。理解时，一些文化背景知识必不可少。另外，原文中的一个词，一个词组或某个句子可能会有几种不同的意思，针对这种情况，要仔细推敲，分析来龙去脉，估计实际情况，根据逻辑推理来决定哪一种译法能准确反映作者的意图和思想。理解阶段的目的在于读懂英语原文，弄清原文的意思。为了透彻理解原文，建议考生在复习和应试时采取下列步骤：1．通读全文

通读全文的目的在于从整体上把握整篇文章的内容，需要理解划线的部分与文章其他部分之间的语法与逻辑关系。在段落中要搞清划线的句子和其他句子之间的关系，特别要弄清代词it,they,them,this,that,these,those,other所指代的词或词组。这些词和词组有时在划线的部分就能找到，有时则要到前面有关的句子中去找。比如“It is not that scales in

the one case,and the balance in the other,differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working;but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.”在这个句子中，the scales in the one case,the balance in the other,the former,the latter等的含义都是在把握全文的基础之上才能掌握的，也只有这样我们才能做出正确的翻译。

目前市场上的一些复习指导书主张考生不用通读全文，这是很不可取的，因为孤立地阅读每个句子，往往无法理解其真正含义。一篇好的文章，其前后的意思都互相关联，具有很强的逻辑性，一个单词或句子只有在具体的上下文中才能体现出确切的含义来，这就是为什么我们有时看完一本书或一篇文章之后才对上文中的某个难以理解的地方“恍然大悟”。因此，上下文能帮助我们正确的理解每个句子，通读全文是很重要的。通读全文的过程中应该注意，对非划线的部分不要花费时间过多，对于其中一些不太容易理解的内容也不必太在意，只是搞清大体意义即可。因为通读全文的目的在于帮助自己理解划线的部分，只要能把该部分理解透彻也就足够了。

2．分析句子结构

中国的英语学习者往往具有非常好的英语语法知识，在做翻译试题时也应充分发挥和利用这一优势。从近年来的考研英语（一）真题来看，划线的部分一般来说结构句子都比较复杂。如果不搞清楚句子的语法结构，很难达到正确完整地理解原文的要求。在分析划线的部分的句子结构时，我们要注意首先把句子的主语、谓语和宾语找出来，这样句子的骨干结构也就清楚了，在分析句子的骨干结构时还应该注意分析句子中成分是否有省略的地方，主句和从句之间的关系是否明确等等。在此我们再次提醒考生注意，正确地把握句子的结构是进行正确地翻译的关键，如果连句子结构还没有搞清楚，就匆忙地动笔翻译，肯定是不会有好的结果的，在往届的考生中，这样的教训屡见不鲜。

例：This trend began during the Second World War,when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

这是一个简单句，句子的骨干结构为This trend began during the Second World War,when...,when是一个关系副词，在这个句子中引导了一个非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的名词the Second World War。而在when引导的定语从句中，主句是several governments came to the conclusion...,that引导了一个同位语从句，做conclusion的同位语。在这个同位语从句中，主句是the specific demands...cannot generally be foreseen…，其中关系代词that引导了一个定语从句，修饰前面的名词demands。这样通过我们进行详细的分析，在搞清楚句子的具体结构之后，再动笔翻译也就简单多了。也只有划清句架结构，我们才能知道如何翻译。例如：上句中如果我们把when作为状语从句，译成“当…时候”就要被扣分。如果把demand当成动词，也要扣分。

3．理解分析句子的含义

考生不仅要弄清句子中所有实词和虚词的词汇意义，还要理解全句的整体意义。理解句子的依据除了句子本身之外，还有该句子所处的具体的语言环境。在此阶段应清楚下列问题：A．句子中是否含有代词和其他具有指代意义的词。如果有，应根据上下文确定它们指代的内容是什么。

B．句子中的短语和一些常用的词往往具有多种含义和用法，那么，在该句中它们的具体含义是什么。

C．按照你的理解，该部分的意义是否与全篇文章的内容一致，有无相互矛盾。总之，在动手翻译之前，首先要读懂原文，不要一上来就急于动手翻译，这样做往往会出现一种情况：该题快要翻译完了，猛然又发现自己理解有误马上就急忙修改，搞的卷面上一塌糊涂，

94年-14年历年考研英语翻译必背词汇英汉对照

94年-14年历年考研英语翻译必背词汇（英汉对照） 46) articulate 清晰的表达， 47) by all accounts根据、根据报道；by one’s own account根据某人自己所说，let alone更别提， 48) intensity紧张，abruptly突然地，sudden突然，soft柔和的，passage段落，rarely很少、几乎不，composer作曲家，compose作曲、编写, 49) associate联系， 50) suffer遭受, inevitable不可避免, render转换、使变成； 13年 46) strike打、震撼，for all尽管，style风格，urge需求、督促、鼓励，decoration装饰， 47)sacred神圣的，crude原始、粗糙，as opposed to与相反，shelter避难所， 48) in effect实际上，urban城市，discernible容易看出的，discern看出、识别， 49)blame批评， 50)implicit隐含的，explicit明确的，reference谈到、提及、参考，synthetic人造的； 12年 46) impulse冲动，unification统一、一致， generative生产的、生成的，generate产生， 47) constrain力劝、强迫、限制，constraint限制， 48) filter过滤, cognitive认知的， 49) empirical实证的、根据经验得到的, bias偏见， 50) track跟踪； 11年 46) erroneous错误的，error错误， 47) sustain支持、维持，illusion幻觉，conscious有意识的， 48) justification合理，借口，justify证明是公正的，rationalization合理，exploitation剥削、开发, bottom底， 49) circumstance环境， 50) upside积极的、正面的，contain包含，be up to取决于，array展示、陈列、一系列； 10年 46) rescue拯救，to the effect that大意是说，failed to不能，

历年考研英语翻译常考词汇汇总

历年考研英语翻译常考词汇汇总 A Abstract n.摘要，概要，抽象adj.抽象的，深奥的，理论的 Accelerate vt.&vi.（使）加快，（使）增速，n.接受速成教育的学生 Achievement n.成就；成绩；功绩，达到；完成 Acquire vt.得到，养成，vt获得；招致，学得（知识等），求得，养成（习惯等），捕获，Action n.作用，动[操]作，行动，机械装置[作用]，（小说等中的）情节 Activity n.活动，活动的事物，活动性，机能，功能 Actually adv.现实的，实际的；目前的；明确的，有效的 Additional adj.增加的，额外的，另外的 Advance vt.&vi.（使）前进，（使）发展；促进，vt.提出 Advantage n.利益，便利，有利方面，有利条件；优点；优势， （网球等）打成平手（deuce）而延长比赛后一方先得的一分（攻方所得称advantage in，守方所得则称advantage out） Agree vi.一致；相合同意，赞成约定，允诺，答应，相宜，调和，符合，和睦相处 Almost adv.几乎，差不多，差一点；将近 Amount n.量，数量，数额，总额，总数vi.合计，共计 Approach vt.&vi.接近，走近，靠近；vt.接洽，交涉；着手处理；n.靠近，接近，临近 Appropriate adj.适当的，恰当的；vt.挪用；占用；盗用 Argue vt.&vi.争吵，辩论；vt.坚决主张，提出理由证明，说服，劝说 Arise vi.&link v.呈现；出现；发生；vi.起身，起来，起立 Aspect n.方面，方位，朝向 Assert vt.声称，断言，维护，坚持 Assume vt.假设，臆断，猜想，假装，担，担任，就职

历年考研英语翻译词组汇总(免费下载阅读)

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/665552163.html,/new/shengtsinghua 考研大作文只用写一句话就可以得18分 省省清华QQ: 867209142 关于一句话万能模板的几个问题： 1.万能，整片模板200多单词，只要写1句话填写3个关键词就可以适合任何一年考研话题作文。 2.高分，里面的遣词造句都是精心之作，句式多变、用词高级、语言地道，正常考生考场上几乎不可能写出如此高水平的作文，得高分在情理之中。 3.节省考场时间，考场上默写一篇背熟的作文要比自己写一篇作文至少节省20分钟，为自己节省宝贵的考研时间用来做其他题目。 4.节省复习时间，有了作文模板就不用再为考研大作文复习花时间。 历年考研 英语翻译题词组汇总 考研大作文只用写一句话就可以得18分 文章来源：https://www.sodocs.net/doc/665552163.html,/new/shengtsinghua 整理：省省清华 1990年 1. be determined by 由…所决定 2. have something to do with 与…有关 3. be central to sth. 是…的核心 4. in contrast/by contrast 与此相反 5. be due to 由于（常做表语） 6. be deprived of 被剥夺 7. respond to 对…作出反应 8. as the basis of 依据/根据 9. be born with 天生具有 10. In contrast 相比之下 1991年 11. shut off 关上，停止，切断 12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论 如何； in no case 决不 13. or so 大概，大约 14. at the rate of 以…的速率 15. take time 花费时间 16. be likely to 可能；倾向于 17. result in 导致 18. not nearly 远不能；远非 19. head into 走向；陷入（危机） 20. in the matter of 关于；就…而言 21. make…possible 使…成为可能 22. combine…with 把……和…结合起来；加上 23. in the fashion of 以…方式 24. such…as 像…一样

历年考研英语翻译词组汇总(免费下载)

1990年 1. be determined by 由…所决定 2. have something to do with 与…有关 3. be central to sth. 是…的核心 4. in contrast/by contrast与此相反 5. be due to 由于（常做表语） 6. be deprived of 被剥夺 7. respond to 对…作出反应 8. as the basis of 依据/根据 9. be born with 天生具有 10. In contrast 相比之下 1991年 11. shut off 关上，停止，切断 12. in any case=at any rate 不管怎样，无论如何； in no case 决不 13. or so 大概，大约 14. at the rate of 以…的速率 15. take time 花费时间 16. be likely to 可能；倾向于

17. result in 导致 18. not nearly 远不能；远非 19. head into走向；陷入（危机） 20. in the matter of 关于；就…而言 21. make…possible 使…成为可能 22. combine…with 把……和…结合起来；加上 23. in the fashion of 以…方式 24. such…as 像…一样 1992年 25. refer to…提到；谈到 26. agreement on 一致意见 27. be comparable to 和…相当；犹如 28. in terms of 根据；按照；在…方面 29. on the whole 总体来说；大体上看 30. draw a conclusion 得出结论 31. have the attitude towards 对…的态度 32. only if 只要 33. the same…as 与…一样 34. by lack of=for lack of 因为缺乏

历年考研英语翻译词组汇总

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Bybrton历年考研英语翻译精解

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