新编大学英语book2unit5课后练习答案及课文翻译

Unit 5 Dreams

课内阅读

参考译文

你做梦吗？

1 梦，我们为什么会做梦？梦有意义吗？真的有梦中所见的事成为现实这种事吗？几千年来这些问题一直让人们感兴趣。过去几十年的科学发展对睡眠的自然过程有了较多的认识，

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9 如今，图书馆和书店里有无数的书籍为梦做解析。对于那些热衷于探讨梦的人来说，它们依然深受欢迎。然而，多数专家警告说，读这些书时要非常谨慎。心理分析家兼作家肯尼思·桑德斯解释说：“梦与每个人的思维密切相关，因此分析往往容易出现错误和偏差。我认为，只有当你了解了做梦的人时，才能发现梦的真正含义。”

III. Post-Reading

Reading Comprehension

1. Understanding the Organization of the Passage

I. Introduction: Questions concerning dreams have puzzled human beings. (Para. 1)

II. Dreaming and sleeping (Para. 2-3)

i) When does dreaming occur?

When we are in REM sleep.

ii) What are the main purposes of sleeping?

To give us rest and to allow us to dream.

III. Possible causes of dreams (Para. 4-6)

i) Physiological.

Example: Sleeping with one’s feet too close to a heater may cause one to dream of walking

V ocabulary

1. 1) explanation 2) enthusiasts 3) frustrating 4) popularity 5) unconscious

6) electrical 7) movements 8) recognizable 9) interpretation 10) countless

2. Part A

1) asleep 2) sleepless 3) sleep 4) sleepy 5) asleep 6) slept 7) sleeping, sleep 8) sleeper Part B

1) submerged: go below the surface of the sea, river or lake （使）浸没，淹没

2) subculture: the behavior, practices, etc. associated with a group within a society 亚文化

3) submarine: a special type of ship which can travel under water 潜水艇

4) subway: the passage under ground along which pedestrians can pass 地铁

5) subzero: (of temperatures) below zero 零度以下的

6) Subtropical: belonging to or relating to parts of the world that have very hot weather 副热带的，亚热带的

7) subspecies: a subdivision of a species （物种的）亚种

8) subnormal: below an average or expected standard, especially of intelligence 低于正常的

3. 1) progressed 2) puzzled 3) process 4) reflected 5) predict 6) advances

觉良好的的心理机制在那些极度抑郁的人身上似乎不起作用。

5 卡特赖特做了两项研究，在第一项研究中，先给那些身体正常健康的实验参与者做一次情绪测试，并记录下他们在实验室一晚的睡眠情况，然后在他们早晨起床时再做一次情绪测试。在夜间，这些志愿受试者不时地被叫醒，要他们描述自己的梦境。受试者们被分成两组：一组在睡觉之前情绪平静，另一组则情绪不佳。

6 卡特赖特发现，那些睡觉前情绪平静的人在醒来后心态没什么大的变化，而那些通常情况不消沉但睡前情绪不佳的人都说睡了一个好觉后感觉好多了。

7 这个变化反映在他们的梦境里：据那些一夜之间心情有所改善的实验者反映，他们在睡眠初期噩梦较多，但随着睡眠的深入，这样的梦越来越少。而情绪平静的受试者在梦内容上没什么变化。

8 “这项研究表明，情绪确实在一夜之间得到了调整。”卡特赖特说，“如果你入睡时心情不佳，你的大脑会立刻开始准备噩梦材料，这样，到你快醒来时，你的不良情绪就已经有所调整。”

9 接着，卡特赖特挑选了一些因为新近分居而情绪低落的夫妻作为实验对象，重复了以上的实验。其中一些不开心的病人随着夜晚的推移，梦里严肃的情感内容少起来了，比较轻松的话题多起来了；而另一些人在睡醒前做的烦心梦反而比刚刚入睡时更加多了。

10 假设前一组实验对象每晚都在梦掉一些不良情绪，研究人员预测他们最终可以摆脱忧郁。他们的预测是正确的。后续研究表明，那组受试者中72%的人在一年后抑郁症状减轻了。

3) A. ancient: of or from a long time ago, having lasted for a very long time, or very old 古代的，

远古的，古老的

B. early: near the beginning of (a period of time), or before the usual, expected or planned time

早的

C. previous: happening or existing before the one mentioned 先前的，以前的

4) A. sign: something which shows that something exists or is happening 迹象

B. symbols: a shape or design that is used to represent something such as an idea 象征

C. signal: a sound or action that you make in order to give information to someone or tell them

to do something 信号

D. signs/symbols: a standard mark that is used to represent something 符号，记号

5) A. view: state of seeing or being seen from a particular place 视野，视域

B. vision: power of seeing; sight 视力

C. vision: an imagined mental picture of something 想象，幻想

D. outlook: your general attitude to life and the world (对生活、世界的) 观点，见解

E. view: personal opinion or attitude 观点，看法

6) A. errors/mistakes: things done incorrectly through ignorance or wrong judgment 错误，失误

B. fault: if something bad that has happened is your fault, you should be blamed for it 过错

C. error: a moral wrong 道德上的错误

One night, I woke up from a dream to check my watch. It said 1:00 PM and it was very bright outside. I was very scared since that morning was my first day of school for the new semester, and I was supposed to wake up before 7:00 AM. Oversleeping to 1:00 PM would have been terrible! I tried to get up and get out of bed. But I was unable to...instead, I went back to sleep again, and continued with my dream.

Finally, I woke up and checked my watch. It was only 5:00 AM, two hours before the time for me to get up for class. It was still dark outside. Not until then did I realize that the earlier checking of my watch had happened in a dream.

Part Four Writing and Translation

2. Translation Practice

梦是心灵的谈话

人类至今尚未开启通往梦的世界的大门。尽管我们很多人意识到做梦的价值，希望了解我们在梦中的活动，但大多数人在睡眠中仍觉得象进入梦幻世界一样。有些人认为梦中的生活跟醒着的生活一样真实，而且在积极寻找方法控制睡眠时的思维活动，然而很少有人会将清醒时发生的事情跟梦中发生的事情联系在一起。

心理学家和心理玄学家在二十世纪九十年代普遍认为，我们的梦境包含着日常生活