高中英语宾语补足语用法总结

宾语补足语

一、定义

某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整。宾语补足语说明宾语的情况、性质、特征、状态、身份或属类等。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。

二、可作宾语补足语的形式

不定式，现在分词，过去分词，名词，形容，副词，介词短语都能作宾语补足语。

eg：We made him our monitor.

You should keep your room clean and tidy.

We could hear the children playing outside.

I left my pen on my desk at home.

I saw the kite up and down.

She often asks me to help her.

三、常接宾语补足语的动词

1. 常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有：keep, make, find等。

eg：We must keep our classroom clean.

I found the book very interesting.

2. 常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有：含命名意义的动词call, name, make, think等。

eg：We call them mooncakes.

She found him a very clever boy.

My mother looks so young that they would think her my sister

3. 常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有：keep, find, leave等。

eg：I left my pen on my desk at home.

I found everything in good condition.

4. 动词不定式作宾语补足语表示动作的全过程或即将发生的主动动作

(1)常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, tell, want, teach, wish, expect, remind, warn, encourage, allow, order 等

eg : sMy teacher told me to focus on my study.

I expect my students to have made preparations for the mid-term examinations.

(2)接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：一感二听三让四观看

一感：feel

二听：hear, listen to

三让：let, have, make

四观看：observe, see, watch, look at

【注意】在被动语态中不带to的不定式前要补加上to）

eg : Professor Zhang’s speech made us all laugh.

I heard Justin put on his favorite CD.

5. V-ing形式作宾语补足语,表示宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系,表示的是一个正在进行的主动动作。

eg : The bad news kept him sleeping poorly.

They watched the bird flying in the sky.

6. V-ed形式作宾语补足语表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系,表示一个已经完成或被动的动作.s

eg: I found a girl knocked down by a car.

I had my computer repaired.

【注意】 have + 宾语＋done的几种含义

①“主语请别人做某事”。

He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow.

②“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”。

Be careful, or you'll have your hands hurt.

She had her wallet stolen yesterday.s

③“使完成某事”，事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成。

He had the walls painted this morning.

他今早把墙漆了。（主语自己可能参与）

I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected.

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Contents 英语宾语补足语用法详解 (2) 一、概念 (2) 二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语(宾语)补足语 (2) 三、可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词 (3) 典例精析： (4)

英语宾语补足语用法详解 一、概念 分词作主语补足语和宾语补足语其实是同一成分用于两种不同的句式中。具体地说，主动态句子中的宾语补足语就是被动态句子中的主语补足语。先了解宾语补足语，则很容易了解主语补足语。 宾语补足语：在英语中，某些及物动词不仅需要宾语，而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语，即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态，这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。有些语法书把宾语和补足语称为复合宾语。 句型：及物动词+宾语(n./pron.)+宾语补足语(n./adj./adv./to do/-ing/-ed/介词短语共7种表示法) 该句型若变成被动语态，即将宾语提到句首作主语，原主动语态中的宾语补足语此时在被动语态中起到补充说明主语的作用，所以改称主语补足语。例如： A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. 此句中smoking是主语he的补足语，所以称为主语补足语。 二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语(宾语)补足语 分词作主语(宾语)补足语时，若主语(宾语)与分词之间是主动关系，则用现在分词表示主动； 如果主语(宾语)与分词之间是被动关系，则用过去分词表示被动。例如： He was heard singing in the next room. He was singing.主语he与补足语“唱歌”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词singing。 One of the glasses was found broken. One of the glasses was broken.主语one of the glasses与补足语“打破”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词broken。 Don‘t leave the water running while you brush your teeth.

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The book cost me five yuan. 三、动词+直接宾语+for+间接宾语，这种结构中能用for改为同义句的动词有：buy, play, make, find,keep,choose,cut,cook,wash等 Please cut Tom the cake.= Please cut the cake for Tom. My father often washes me the clothes.=My father often washes the clothes for me. My father often cooks me lunch.=My father often cooks lunch for me. 四、动词+直接宾语+to+间接宾语，这种结构中能用to改为同义句的动词有：七给give, hand, pass, lend, send, show, write,一带bring，还有pay, teach, tell, wish, return, sell, read,等 I returned him the storybook= I returned the storybook to him. He showed all his friends his pictures.= He showed his pictures to all his friends. He sent me a book.= He sent a book to me

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３）done指某事由别人做（被做），也作“遭受”解。 试比较：A）I heared him sing a song. 我听他唱了一首歌（指自始至终整个过程）。 B）I heared him singing a song. 我听见他正在唱歌唱（指当时动作的某个片断）。 C）I heared a song sung．我听见（有人）唱歌（逻辑主语“歌”与“唱”是被动关系。） 再看使役动词主动结构的用法：have sb. do/ doing/ done, make/let sb. do/ done have后也接do（省to）/ doing/ done作宾补，区别是：１）do/ doing 均表主动关系，done表被动关系。 ２）do/ doing虽然都表主动，但do指目前和将来或经常性、反复性的动作。Ｄｏｉdoing指目前正在进行的动作。 试比较：A）I won’t have you saying such things about my sister.（指目前正确进行的动作） B）I won’t have you saying such things about my sister.（指目前和将来的动作） C）I shouldn’t have him do that again．（指将来的动作，此处不用doing因do that again暗示将来） D）I am sorry to have had you waiting so long.（指目前正在进行的动作） E）I have had many friends visit me from time to time.

高中英语Unit2TheUnitedKingdomSectionⅢGrammar_过去分词作宾语补足语教案含解析新人教版必修5

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高中英语常用句型结构精讲：with+宾语+宾语补足语”复合结构

高中英语高频结构：with的复合结构 句型：“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”复合结构 “With+ 复合结构”又称为“with结构”，在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常做伴随，方式，原因，条件等状语。常见形式有： 1. with+宾语+形容词（强调宾语的特性或状态） ①She often sleeps with the windows open. 她常开着窗睡觉。 ②You shouldn’t speak with your mouth full. 你不应该满嘴巴食物说话。

③With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it'll rain presently. 天气这么闷热，十之八九要下雨。

2.with+宾语+副词 ①He stood before his teacher with his head down. 他低着头站在老师面前。 ②He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他穿着衣服躺在床上。 ③With John away, we've got more room. 随着约翰离开,我们有更多的空间。

3. with+宾语+名词 ①He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl. 他去世时，女儿还是个小学生。 ②He left home，with his wife a hopeless soul. 他走了，妻子十分伤心。

4.with+宾语+介词短语 ①She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含着眼泪说了声再见。 ②He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他头枕着胳膊睡着了。

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