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教你正确翻译方法——如何理解there和here-翻译文化.doc

教你正确翻译方法——如何理解there和here-翻译文化.doc
教你正确翻译方法——如何理解there和here-翻译文化.doc

[there一词来源于宗教,而国内的英语字典基本上都将其翻译为“那儿”。但是,从造单词的理论角度来讲,there一词更多地是与“神”或者“上帝”等含义联系在一起。西方国家的人口中有80%以上是信仰某种宗教的,而中国人口中的80%则是不信仰任何宗教的,因此,简单地将“there”和“here”翻译成“那儿”和“这儿”往往就失去了原文作者的真实含义。比如,美国总统里根去世之后,好多中国人就将“Now there was a president”翻译成“现在那儿有一位总统”。其实,根据造单词理论,这句英文翻译成“此刻总统已去天堂”最为准确和简洁,同时也能够让汉语读者准确地理解原作者的真实想法。而根据英汉字典关于“there”的解释,将这句英文翻译成“那儿有一位总统”,则无论从翻译者理解英语的角度还是让汉语读者理解汉语的角度,都无法准确而全面地

理解原文作者的含义,说句不中听的话,“那儿有一位总统”的译法简直是英汉不通在胡

扯。]

刘老师您好,刚上完您的课,现在阅读的感觉好多了,确实不像以前那样按照字典去理解英文原著而结果却怎么也理解不了。我很喜欢听英文歌曲,也一直坚持通过歌曲练习英语的语感和听力,但是,上完您的第一节课之后我就发现自己真得好无辜,真有一种上当受骗多年的感觉,当然不是上您的当,而是上了字典或者中国式英语的当。比如,您讲缩略法时随便提到一个单词sail,然后又提到sailing这首歌,我以前只是自认为理解了这首歌的内涵,但只有经过您这么一点,我才知道自己的理解是完全错误的。现在对照这首歌的旋律和歌手低沉的嗓音,再结合您对sail的讲解,确实感觉英文歌词、旋律和低沉而执著的嗓音是三位一体地表达同一种情感,真得谢谢您。

同时,您在第一节课提到的there一词,也让我彻底明白了多年来我所无法理解的神学和宗教问题。我现在珍藏着一套《****》编辑部制作的美国女歌手Karen Carpenters的音像制品,一张CD加一本中英文对照歌本。1983年Carpenters因厌食症去世,年仅32岁,她用她那天籁般的声音和对歌曲完美的阐释,征服了无数听众(包括我)。读她的fans写给她的文字,“there”一词俯拾皆是,但基本都被翻译成了“那里”。恰好有一段话既

有“there”也有“here”,而且文字很简单,现摘录如下:

Nothing expresses the feelings, not even words. Too many times I turn around and somehow, you’re always there. That’s how I Know it was your time to go. God never takes someone he doesn’t love! That’s why I know you’ll always be special! Karen, speaking for everyone still here, we all miss you! Hope to meet again someday!

而杂志所提供的译文让我多来年都捉摸不透,原译文如下:没有东西可以表达情感,甚至语言也不能。很多次我转回头,发现你总在那里。我就这样知道了你要走,上帝不会带走他不爱的人!所以我知道你很特别。凯伦,仍在这里对每个人述说,我们都很挂念你!希望将来能重逢!

有了刘仁老师您所解释的“there”和“here”,我对这段英文则忽然间全部理解了,因此我给出译文如下(有下划线的地方为不同处),不妥之处请您指正:

没有什么可以表达情感,甚至语言也不能。多少次我茫然(somehow)回望,发现你总与上帝(there)同在。我这样知道了为什么那时(your time)你就要走,上帝从来(never)不会带走他不爱的人!所以我也明白了你为什么总是(always)那么特别!凯伦,(我要)为每一个仍旧活着(here)的人说句话:我

们都很挂念你!期盼将来我们能再次相逢(于天堂)!

刘仁回复:

文学翻译与理论翻译和科技翻译之间存在一定的差异。前者可以在忠实于原文的基础上结合译者本国的语言特点进行再加工,使原著与其本民族历史文化之间的关系能够清楚地通过译著与译者本民族历史文化之间的关系反映出来。而后者则必须忠实于原文,必须忠实于原文的科学逻辑结构,不能够根据译者本身的理解水平而更改原作者的行文逻辑。

因此,上文的翻译首先就得明确原文的属性,当然我们可以确定其为文学性质的翻译。如此一来,每个译者都可以拥有自己所熟悉的翻译风格,但是,我们必须记住一点的就是:无论对文学性翻译进行何种再加工,都必须忠实于原文。比较您们两位的翻译,我认为都基本上能够忠实于原文,但是,原文除了there 和here之外也都有个别不忠实于原文的地方。比如,somehow 一词,您们两位都没有能够忠实原文,您所提供的杂志中的翻译就漏译了这一词,而您自己的译文则出现了理解上的偏差,我个人认为,somehow是修饰后面you are always there,而不是修饰I turn aroud。

再比如倒数第二句中的speaking for everyone still here,这明显地是一个省略了主语“I”的插入语,而杂志却都将其主语

翻译为前面的Karen,并且按照汉语的语法结构来分析,这句汉语译文的语病非常之多,如果单纯看汉语,我个人认为是没有人可以看懂这句话的。当然,您对这句话的主语以及其插入语身份的理解与我的理解是一致的。但是,这句话如果这样翻译是否更好呢:凯伦,请允许我代表仍然生活于尘世中的每一个人说一句肺腑之言:我们都思念你!总之,您对there和here的确是理解了,因而,您也就能够清楚地表达出本文中there和here之间的对应关系———即将there翻译为“与上帝同在”,而将here翻译为“仍然活着的人”。从忠实于原文的角度来说,您的这种理解和较长的汉语结构能够准确地表达出原文作者恋恋不舍的内心世界,并让汉语都读者清楚地感受到原文作者的悲伤,这就明显优越于原文对此的理解和翻译。但是,如果脱离了英文原文,我个人认为,杂志的翻译在汉语的简洁和节奏的明快方面都还是很不错的,但这仅仅是个人的语言风格问题了,并没有与英文原文的基本含义以及原文作者舒缓的忧伤情怀相结合。个人意见,仅供参考。

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翻译与句型转换

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中国文化相关词汇英文翻译

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