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新视角研究生英语复习资料

Unit 1

Unit 1

一、Vocabulary

Part A

1. His heart attack was triggered by the physical and emotional pressures suffered under interrogation.

2. We are all under the illusion that the country is doing well economically , but in fact it is in serious difficulty.

3.He couldn’t join the police because he was below the minimum height allowed by the rule.

4. We hope to see stronger commitment from the world community for international working together in the fight to protect our common natural surroundings.

5. The professor felt grateful and relieved that the debate hadn’t degenerated into something absurd and degrading.

6. Tiger populations have stopped shrinking ,and working to protect them is now a way of life in nations where they roam.

7. Our efforts result in a great rise in enrollments in our universities, coupled with a radical shift in higher education from the private to the public sector.

8.It was such a funny and wonderful show; I could scarcely keep from laughing with delight.

9. Details are often organized according to time sequence or from one place to another. These are two very important means of descriptive writing.

10.Many how-to books advise you to stride into a room and impress others with your qualities.

Part B

1. Even without knowing all the details, the reader can often be able to predict the general direction the author is going to.

A. anticipate

B. expect

C. capture

D. nurture

2. In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives play vital roles in raising children.

A. intolerable

B. impassioned

C. intellectual

D. indispensable

3. Eat these foods with plentiful Vitamin C, for example, drink orange juice with cereal (谷类食品) or put a tomato on a sandwich, to increase the amount of iron absorbed.

A. intensify

B. enhance

C. strengthen

D. reinforce

4. Believing that he was fully qualified, he submitted his application instantly, but a week later he was crushed to learn that it had been turned down.

A. ultimately

B. hesitantly

C. promptly

D. attentively

5. The rule for the competition is somewhat vague. I can’t get it and I require an explanation.

A. distinct

B. obscure

C. clumsy

D. imaginary

6. The diseases thrive in conditions where freshwater is insufficient and sanitation is poor.

A. scarce

B. plentiful

C. fruitful

D. inexhaustible

7. After the scandal, public confidence in the economic recovery has fallen dramatically, according to a post-election survey.

A. gradually

B. frequently

C. surprisingly

D. analytically

8. The tutorial system is considered so important at Oxford and Cambridge that students are not even forced to attend general lectures.

A. compelled

B. insulated

C. memorized

D. challenged

9. They must know how to keep and make use of and when necessary abandon the old and outdated conventional rules.

A. skim

B. clarify

C. discard

D. insulate

10. They believe that identity theft is caused by issuing too many instant credit cards, deficient checking of identity, and too few legal protections for consumers’ personal information.

A. sufficient

B. overdue

C. naive

D. inadequate

二、Close

How to Be an Effective Listener

Author G. K. Chesterton once said, “There is no such thin g as an uninteresting subject; there are only uninterested people.” Listening is a skill that 1) requires coordination of the listener’s mental powers with an outside force (the person or thing which is being listened to). In addition, listening is three-2) dimensional; listen critically with the ears, 3) thoughtfully with the mind, and understandingly with the eyes.

(1) Good listeners need to think around the topic by listening between the 4) lines, and anticipate the instructor’s5) next point.

(2) Good listeners 6) summarize what has been said and put instructor’s

thoughts into their 7) own words.

(3) Good listeners listen with a pencil in their hands and take good 8) notes.

(4) Good listeners try to get as much 9)out of a lecture as from a chapter in a book.

(5) Good listeners avoid supersensitive listening, i.e. not 10) refuse to listen to anything they don’t agree with.

(6) Good listeners sit near the 11) front so as not to miss anything.

People who are good listeners manage to judge the 12) content, and not the delivery. They realize that not all instructors are good lecturers. Some instructors have a very nervous demeanor ( 行为；举止) and may not 13) act as though they are comfortable lecturin g; it doesn’t mean that they have nothing of 14) value to say. And some instructors may have a(n) 15) accent, or may speak softly. Again, while these things may be 16)distracting to the listener, every 17) effort should be made to ignore these physical problems and pay attention to the message.

Another area that good listeners can take 18) advantage of is non-verbal communication. Facial expressions, gestures, body posture: all of these add to a lecture. Even something so minor as the instructor pacing back and 19) forth, stopping only to emphasize a point, is important. A good listener will couple what is being said with what isn’t being said (non-verbals) and draw 20) conclusions .

三、Translation

1. 那位教授很可能在他唯一的学生缺席的情况下对着空空的教室讲了一课。

The professor might probably have delivered his lecture to the empty classroom in the absence of his solitary student.

2. 现行的教育体制遭到了公众的批评，公众已经开始意识到这种体制给学生带来的危害。

The present educational system has been under attack from the public, who have begun to realize the harm the system has done to students.

3. 老师告诉这些大四学生他每次都会点名，因为这门课是必须要听的。

The professor told those seniors that he would take attendance every time because attendance at this course was compulsory.

4. 我真想参加你的乔迁聚会。但是很抱歉我无法去, 因为我有一大堆事情要做。

I’d love to go to your housewarming party, but I’m sorry I can’t make it because I’ve got a stack of things to do.

5. 中学辍学的年青人可以上夜校或通过电大和函授课程恢复他们的学业。

Youths who dropped out of middle school can resume their studies at night school or through television and correspondence courses.

6. 她不喜欢那位著名作家的讲座，但她为了在讲座后得到他的签名还是耐着性子听完了。

She didn’t like the famous writer’s lecture, but she stuck it out to get the writer’s autograph after the lecture.

7. 我对讲座制所体现的冷漠无情非常失望，但是最终我还是无奈接受了它，并耐心等待成为大三的学生。

I was disappointed at the impersonality of the lecture system, but eventually

I grew resigned to the system and waited patiently to become a junior.

8. 我们不得不承认讲座体制会把教师和学生天真的问题隔绝开来，而这些问题很可能会引起学生很多有用的想法。

We have to admit that the lecture system insulates a teacher from students’ naive questions, which could have triggered a line of useful thought.

9. 我不同意那些评论家的意见。你得出的结论绝不是没有价值的。对我而言，这些结论很有道理。

I don’t agree with those critics’ opinions. Your conclusions are far from worthless; they make a good deal of sense to me.

10. 为了学生本身的缘故，应该在第一节课就告诉他们这门课的目的，内容以及要通过这门课的要求。

For the sake of the students, they should be told on the first class about the objective and content of the course and the requirements to pass the course.

考试成绩比例及范围：

听力20%：课内Unit 1、2、3占10分，课外占10分

词汇20%：课内Unit 1、3、4、5、6、7 V ocabulary (共20小题，每题1分)

完型10%：课内Unit1、3、4、5、6、7 Close（20小题，每题0.5分）

阅读15%：课外3篇，每篇5题共15分

翻译15%：汉译英（3个）：课内Unit 1、3、4、5、6、7 Translation中前五个英译汉（2个）：课文原文翻译

作文20%：不确定

声明

本内容是作者本人根据教师课件整理完成，旨在帮助大家更好的复习，任何使用本文档的人不得将其作为考生作弊的资料，谢谢大家配合！祝大家考试顺利！

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A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom. B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe. C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely. D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable. 5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage? A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners. B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism. C. To examine the trend of young people living alone. D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships. Passage Two American dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs －though some remain popular －increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times. The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was. “There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institu te for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events. Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world －including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV －is a relatively recent development. A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of the last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels. Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce. The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies. “The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined. American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows －the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s －studio executives are rethinking production costs. 6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows? A. Self-contradictory B. Prejudice-free C. Culture-loaded D. Audience-targeted 7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ . 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A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (th at is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy. 2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance，by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store，forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes，also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying. 3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information，and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. 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