(完整版)外研版新课标三起点小学英语语法及习题

小学英语语法及习题

一、名词复数规则

1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：

book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：

bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：

family-families, strawberry-strawberries

4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：

knife-knives

5．不规则名词复数：

man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, child-children，policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice ，foot-feet, tooth-teeth，fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

写出下列各词的复数

I _________him _________this ___________her ______sand_____ watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______day_____ foot________ book_______ dress ________tooth_______ man_____ sheep ______box_______ thief _______ peach______ wich ______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________ water_______

milk________ rice__________ tea__________ strawberry ________二、一般现在时

（一）一般现在时基本用法介绍

1、表示事物或人物的特征、状态。

如：The sky is blue. 天空是蓝色的。

2、表示经常性或习惯性的动作。

如：I get up at six every day. 我每天六点起床。

3、表示客观现实。

如：The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。

（二）一般现在时的构成

1、 be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。

如：I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。

2、行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。

如：We study English. 我们学习英语。

当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。

（三）一般现在时的变化

1、 be动词的变化。

否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。

如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。

一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。

如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.

特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。

如：Where is my bike?

2、行为动词的变化。

否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。

如：I don't like bread.

当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。

如：He doesn't often play.

一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。

如： Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：

Does she go to work by bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.

4 、特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。

如：How does your father go to work?

5、动词+s的变化规则

（1）一般情况下，直接加-s，

如：cook-cooks, milk-milks

（2）以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，

如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

（3）以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，

如：study-studies

（四）一般现在时用法专练:

1、写出下列动词的第三人称单数

drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________ look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry _______ come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________ study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______ drink______start_______

2、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.

2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.

3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.

4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.

5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?

6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?

7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?

8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.

9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.

10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.

11. Mike _______(like) cooking.

12. They _______(have) the same hobby.

13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.

14. You always _______(do) your homework well.

15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.

16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.

17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.

18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.

19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.

20. What day _______(be) it today? － It’s Saturday.

3、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)

1. Is your brother speak English? __________________

2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________

3. He likes play games after class. __________________

4. Mr. Wu teach us English. _____________________

5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _________________

三、现在进行时

（一）现在进行时基本用法介绍

1、现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

2、现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为

be+动词ing. 如: I am watching TV.

3、现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。

如: I am not watching TV.

4、现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。

如: Are you watching TV ?

5．现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：

疑问词 + be + 主语 + 动词ing? What are you doing?

但疑问词当主语时其结构为：

疑问词 + be + 动词ing? 如: Who is singing there?

（二）动词加ing的变化规则

1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking

2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，

如：make-making, taste-tasting

3．如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：

停止 stop-stopping 游泳swim— swimming 坐下sit— sitting 逐渐变成get— getting 跑run— running 放下Put--- putting （三）现在进行时专项练习：

1、写出下列动词的现在分词：

play________ run__________ swim _________make __________ go_________ like________ write________ ski___________

read________ have_________ sing ________ dance _________ put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ live_______ take_________ come ________ get _________ stop_________ sit ________

2、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：

1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.

2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .

3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.

4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?

5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .

6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.

7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .

8.What is our granddaughter doing? She ________(listen ) to music.

9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now

10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .

四、将来时

一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

句中一般有以下时间状语：

tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorr ow（后天）等。

二、基本结构：①be going to + 动词原形；

②will + 动词原形.

三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。

如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→

I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.

四、一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，some改为

any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。

如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. →

Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?

五、同义句：be going to = will

I am going to go swimming tomorrow.

= I will go swimming tomorrow.

练习：1、填空。

1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。

I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.

I ________ have a picnic with my friends.

2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。

What ______ _______ _______________ _________next Monday?

I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.

What ________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.

3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。

_____ your mother _______ ________go shopping this _________? Yes, she ________. She ______ _______________ buy some fruit.

4. 你们打算什么时候见面。

What time _______ you _________ __________ meet?

2、改句子

5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定）

Nancy ________ going to go camping.

6. I’ll go and join them.（改否定）

I _______ go ______ join them.

7. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句）

________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?

8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句）

_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.

9. She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问）

________ _______ she _______ ________ ________ after school?

10. My father and mother are going to see a play tomorrow.(同上)

________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow ？

五、一般过去时

1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。（yesterday, last year/week.）2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：

⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn’t）

⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren’t）

⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和

is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。

3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子

否定句：didn’t +动词原形，

如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday.

一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。

如：Did Jim go home yesterday?

特殊疑问句：

⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？

如： What did Jim do yesterday?

⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？

如：Who went to home yesterday?

动词过去式变化规则：

1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked

2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted

3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped 4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied

5. 不规则动词的变化：

am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran,

sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept,

swim-swam, sit-sat

练习：写出下列动词的过去式

is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________

drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____

taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________

Be动词的过去时练习

1、用be动词的适当形式填空。

1. I ______ an English teacher now.

2. She _______ happy yesterday.

3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.

4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends.

5. The little dog _____ two years old this year.

6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here.

7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday.

2、用动词的适当形式填空。

1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.

2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.

3. We ________ to the zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park,too. (go)

4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?

5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.

6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.

7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday.

8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She ____(find) a beautiful butterfly.

3、句型转换。

1. There was a car in front of the house just now.

否定句：______________________________________________

一般疑问句：__________________________________________

肯、否定回答：

______________________ ___________________

2. They played football in the playground.

否定句：______________________________________________一般疑问句：__________________________________________

肯、否定回答：_____________________ ___________________六、人称代词及对应的形容词性物主代词。

人称代词： I我 we我们 you你 you你们 he他 she她 it它 they他们

物主代词：my我的 our我们的 your你的 your你们的 his他的 her她的 its它的 their他们的

宾格：me我 us我们 you你 you你 him他 her她 it它 them他们

主格： I we you she he it they

宾格： me us you her him it them

形容词性物主代词： my our your her his its their

名词性物主代词： mine ours yours hers his its theirs

1、用所给词的适当形式填空

1.That is not _________ kite. (my)

2. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )

3. _________ is my brother. _________ name is Jack. Look! ( he )

4. ____ is my aunt. Do you know _____job? _____ is a nurse. ( she )

5. Where are ____? I can’t find ____. Let’s call ____parents. ( they )

七、形容词和副词的比较级

形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。

比较级前面可以用more, a little 来修饰表示程度。

than后的人称代词用主格

(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er 如： tall---taller, strong---stronger,

(2) 双写最后一个字母，再+er如： big---bigger, fat--- fatter,

(3) 把y变i，再+er 如： heavy---heavier, early---earlier

(4) 不规则变化：如： well--better, much/many-more,

1、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级

old__________ young________ tall_______ long________ short________ strong________ big________ small_______ fat_________ thin__________ heavy______ light_____

nice_________ good_________ beautiful__________________ low__________ high______ slow_______ fast________

late__________ early_________ far_________ well_______

2、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：

1. My brother is two years __________(old)than me.

2. Is your sister __________(young) than you? Yes,she is.

3. Who is ___________(thin),you or Helen? Helen is.

4. Whose pencil-box is __________(big),yours or hers? Hers is.

5. Ben jumps ________ (high) than some of the boys in his class.

6. Does Nancy sing __________ (well) than Helen? Yes, she ____.

7.My eyes are __________(big) than hers.

八、缩略形式

I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is

don’t=do not doesn’t=does not it’s = it is

who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not we’ll=we will

九、情态动词can引导的句型

表示有能力做某事，can后面的动词要用原形。如：

1. What can you do? I can sweep the floor. I can cook the meals.

2. I can water the flowers.

3. Can you make the bed? No, I can’t.

4. Can you use a computer? Yes, I can.

5．How can I get to Zhongshan Park? You can go by the No. 15 bu s.