https://www.sodocs.net/doc/7116765166.html,/
m acid m 酸
m.w. 分子量
macaroni rayon 空心人造丝
macassar gum 琼脂
mace oil 肉豆蔻油
maceration 浸渍
machine bleaching 机械漂白
machine dyeing 机凭色
machine oil 机油
machine printing 机啤花
macle 双晶
macleod gage 麦克劳计
maclurin 桑橙素
macroanalysis 常量分析macrochemistry 常量化学macrocrystal 大晶体macrogeochemistry 宏观地球化学macroglobulin 巨球蛋白macromolecular chemistry 大分子化学macromolecular colloid 高分子胶质macromolecular compound 高分子化合物macromolecular grating 大分子格子macromolecular rupture 大分子破裂macromolecule 大分子macropolymerization 巨聚合macroscopic structure 宏观结构macrosis 巨大
macrostate 宏观状态
macrostructure 宏观结构
macula lutea 黄斑
madder lake 茜草色淀
madder red 茜草红
magenta 品红色
magic mirror 半透玫
magma 岩浆
magma glassashes 岩浆玻璃灰magmatic assimilation 岩浆同化酌magmatic ore 岩浆矿石
magmatic water 岩浆水
magnalium 镁铝合金
magnesia 氧化镁
magnesia brick 镁砖
magnesia cement 镁氧水泥
magnesia clinker 镁熔块
magnesia mixture 镁氧混合剂
magnesia porcelain 镁质瓷器
magnesia portland cement 氧化镁普通水泥magnesite 菱镁矿
magnesite chrome brick 铬镁砖magnesium 镁
magnesium acetate 乙酸镁
magnesium borate 硼酸镁
magnesium calcium carbonate 碳酸镁钙magnesium cell 镁电池
magnesium chloride 氯化镁
magnesium hydrate 氢氧化镁magnesium hydroxide 氢氧化镁magnesium nitrate 硝酸镁
magnesium oxide 氧化镁
magnesium peroxide 过氧化镁magnesium powder 镁细粉
magnesium sulfate 硫酸镁
magneson 试镁灵
magnet 磁铁
magnetic analysis 磁力分析
magnetic anisotropy 磁蛤异性
magnetic crystal group 磁晶群
magnetic crystal structure 磁晶体结构magnetic field 磁场
magnetic filter 磁性过滤器
magnetic induction 磁感应
magnetic iron ore 磁铁矿
magnetic iron oxide 磁性氧化铁
magnetic needle 磁针
magnetic permeability 磁导率
magnetic quantum number 磁量子数magnetic relaxation 磁性弛豫
magnetic resonance 磁共振
magnetic semiconductor 磁性半导体magnetic separator 磁力分离器
magnetic stirrer 磁力搅拌器
magnetic substance 磁性体
magnetic susceptibility 磁化率
magnetism 磁
magnetite 磁铁矿
magnetization 磁化
magnetochemical analysis 磁化学分析magnetochemical investigation 磁化学甸magnetochemistry 磁化学
magnetometer 磁强计
magneton 磁子
magnetosonic wave 磁声波
magnetron 磁控管
magnification 放大率
magnifier 放大镜
magnifying glass 放大镜
main alloying component 合金稚分
main constituent 知组分
main fermentation 知发酵酌
main group 皱
main group element 皱元素
main reaction 知反应
main valence 汁子价
maintenance costs 维持费
maize oil 玉米油
maize starch 玉米淀粉
majolika 马略尔卡陶器
make up water 补充水
malachite 孔雀石
malachite green 孔雀绿
malachite green actinometer 孔雀石绿光量计malate 苹果酸盐
malathion 马拉松
male sex hormone 雄激素
maleamic acid 马来酰胺酸
maleate 马来酸盐
maleic acid 马来酸
maleic acid ester 马来酸酯
maleic anhydride 马来酐
maleic ester resin 马来酯尸
maleic hydrazide 马来酰肼
maleic resin 马来尸
malic acid 苹果酸
malleability 展性
malleable cast iron 可锻铸铁malonamide 丙二酰胺
malonate 丙二酸盐
malonic acid 丙二酸
malonic ester 丙二酸酯
malonic ester synthesis 丙二酸酯合成malonylurea 巴比土酸
malt 麦芽
malt agar 麦芽琼脂
malt extract 麦芽抽出物
malt sugar 麦芽糖
maltase 麦芽糖酶
maltha 软沥青
malting 麦芽制造
maltol 麦芽醇
maltose 麦芽糖
malvidin chloride 氯化二甲花翠man made fiber 人造纤维
man made rubber 人造橡胶mandarin oil 橘子油
mandelic acid 孟德立酸mandelonitrile 扁桃腈
mandrel test 心轴试验法manganate 锰酸盐
manganese 锰
manganese blende 硫锰矿manganese chloride 氯化锰manganese dioxide 二氧化锰manganese sulfate 硫酸锰manganese sulfide 硫化锰manganin 锰镍铜合金
manganite 亚锰酸盐
mangrove 红树
manipulator 操纵器机械手
manna 吗哪
mannan 甘露聚糖
mannich reaction 曼尼期反应
manninotriose 甘露三糖
mannite 甘露糖醇
mannitol 甘露糖醇
mannitol hexanitrate 六硝酸甘露醇mannonic acid 甘露糖酸
mannose 甘露糖
manocryometer 融解压力计
manometer 压力计
manostat 恒压器
manufacture 制造
manufacture of common salt 食盐制造法manufactured gas 人造煤气manufacturing cost 造价
manufacturing in series 成批生产manufacturing method 制造法manufacturing process 制造法
manure 肥料
manure salts 肥料盐
manuring 施肥
maple sugar 槭糖
marble 大理石
marcasite 白铁矿
margarate 十七酸盐
margaric acid 十七酸
margarine 人造奶油
margarite 珍珠云母
marine animal oil 海生动物油
marine clay 海成粘土
marine engine oil 船用机油
marine soap 海水皂
mariotte bottle 马利欧特瓶
marjoram oil 马郁兰油
mark 标记
marked line 标线
market bleach 普通漂白
marking ink 打印墨水
markovnikov's rule 马尔科夫尼科夫规则marseille soap 马赛皂
marsh gas 沼气
marsh test 马希氏试验
marshall's acid 马歇尔酸
martens hardness tester 马氏硬度试验器martens heat resistance test 马腾斯耐热试验martensite 马氏体
maser 微波激射器
mash 麦芽汁
mask 面具
masking 掩蔽
masking agent 掩蔽剂
masking reagent 掩蔽剂
mason's hydrated lime 砖石用熟石灰masonry cement 砌筑水泥
mass acceleration 质量加速度mass action 质量酌
mass balance 物料平衡
mass concentration 质量浓度
mass defect 质量筐
mass number 质量数
mass polymerization 本体聚合mass production 大量生产
mass radiation 质量辐射
mass spectrograph 质谱仪
mass spectrometer 质谱仪
mass spectrometry 质谱测定法mass spectroscopy 质谱分析
mass spectrum 质谱
mass stopping power 质量阻止本领mass to charge ratio 质荷比
mass transfer 物质传递
mass unit 质量单位
mass velocity 质量速度massecuite 糖膏
massicot 铅黄
massive coal 块煤
masterbatch 母体混合物
mastic 乳香
mastication 捏炼
masticator 素炼机
masut 重油
mat finish 消光整理
mat glaze 无光泽釉
mat gold 消光金
mat paint 消光油漆
match 火柴
material 物质
material balance 物料平衡
material point 质点
material wave 物质波
mathematical induction 数学归纳法
matrine 苦参碱
matrix 基质
matrix effect 基体效应
matter 物质
maturation 成熟酌
maturative 催脓药
maturing 成熟酌
maturing temperature 成熟温度
mauvein 苯胺紫
maximal dose 极大剂量
maximal observable 最大观测量
maximal work 最大功
maximum and minimum thermometer 最高最低温度计
maximum current 最大电流
maximum deflection 最大偏转
maximum effective work 最大有效功
maximum fiber stress 最大纤维应力
maximum flexural strength 最大抗挠强度
maximum load 最大负荷
maximum output 最高产率
maximum permissible dose 最大允许剂量
maximum phenomenon 极大现象
maximum suppressor 畸峰抑制剂
maximum thermometer 最高温度计
maximum wave 极大波
maximum work 最大功
maxivalence 最高价
maxwell boltzmann statistics 麦克斯韦玻耳兹曼统计
maxwell boltzmann's law of energy distribution 麦克斯韦玻耳兹曼能量分布定律maxwell boltzmann's law of velocity distribution 麦克斯韦玻尔兹曼速度分配定律mazout 重油
meal 粉状物
mean activity 平均活度
mean boiling point 平均沸点
mean degree of polymerization 平均聚合度
mean deviation 平均偏差
mean dispersion 平均分散
mean error 平均误差
mean free path 平均自由程
mean life 平均寿命
mean temperature difference 均温差
mean value 平均值
measurable set 可测集
measurement 测定
measurement deviation 测定偏差measurement error 测量误差measurement of molecular weight 分子量测定measurement of radioactivity 放射能测定measuring 测定
measuring accuracy 测量精度
measuring apparatus 计量仪器
measuring bottle 量瓶
measuring cylinder 量筒
measuring flask 量瓶
measuring glass 量杯
measuring instrument 计量仪器
measuring pipet 莫尔吸量管
measuring tank 量槽
mecazine 密哌嗪
mechanical draft 机械通风
mechanical energy 机械能
mechanical equivalent of heat 热功当量mechanical impedance 机械阻抗mechanical mixture 机械混合物mechanical properties 机械性能mechanical pulp 机碎木浆
mechanical rectifier 机械整流
mechanical scrubber 机械滤净器mechanical test 机械试验
mechanical weathering 机械风化mechanization 机械化mechanochemistry 机械化学
meconic acid 袂康酸
meconine 袂康宁
meconium 鸦片
mediasilicic rock 中硅质岩
medical chemistry 医化学
medical durable yeast 医药耐久酵母medicated soap 药用皂
medium 介质
medium boiler 中沸溶剂
medium oil 中油
medium oil varnish 中油清漆
medium tone 中间色调
meker burner 梅克尔灯
melamine 蜜胺
melamine resin 蜜胺尸
melamine resin varnish 三聚氰胺尸清漆
melanin 黑素
melanogen 黑素原
melibiase 蜜二糖酶
melibiose 蜜二糖
melinite 苦味酸
melissic acid 蜂花酸
melissyl alcohol 蜂花醇
melitose 棉子糖
mellic acid 苯六酸
mellitate 苯六甲酸酯
mellophanic acid 苯偏四甲酸
melt 溶融物
melt spinning 熔体纺丝
melt spinning device 熔融纺丝装置
melt viscosity 熔解粘度
melting 熔融
melting heat 熔化热
melting method 熔融法
melting point 熔点
melting point diagram 熔点线图
melting zone 熔化带
membrane 隔膜
membrane electrode 膜电极
membrane equilibrium 膜平衡
membrane filter 薄膜过滤器
membrane potential 膜电位
membrane simulation 膜模拟
memory 存储器
menadiole 甲萘二酚
menadione 甲萘醌
mendelev periodic law of elements 门捷列夫元素周期律mendelevium 钔
meniscus 弯液面
menshutkin reaction 门秀金反应
menthadiene 薄荷二烯
menthane 薄荷烷
menthol 薄荷醇
menthone 薄荷酮
menthyl acetate 三萜醇乙酸酯
mepazine 密哌嗪
mephobarbital 普罗米那
mephosfolan 二噻磷
meralluride 汞鲁来
merbromin 汞溴红
mercaptal 缩硫醛
mercaptan 硫醇
mercaptide 硫醇盐mercaptobenzothiazole 巯基苯并噻唑mercaptoethanol 巯基乙醇mercaptol 缩硫醇mercaptopurine 巯基嘌呤mercaptothiazoline 巯基噻唑啉mercerization 丝光处理mercerizing assistant 丝光加工助剂mercerizing machine 丝光处理机mercocresol 汞甲酚剂mercuration 汞化
mercurial barometer 水银气压计mercurial column 水银柱
mercurial ointment 汞制油膏mercuric arsenate 砷酸汞
mercuric chloride 氯化正汞mercuric compound 正汞化合物mercuric cyanide 氰化汞
mercuric fluoride 氟化汞
mercuric nitrate 硝酸汞
mercuric oleate 油酸汞
mercuric oxide 氧化汞
mercuric oxide electrode 氧化汞电极mercuric salt 正汞盐
mercuric stearate 硬脂酸汞mercuric sulfate 硫酸汞
mercuric sulfide 硫化汞mercurimetric titration 汞液滴定法mercurimetry 汞液滴定法mercurochrome 汞溴红
mercurol 核酸汞
mercurometric titration 亚汞滴定法mercurometry 亚汞滴定法mercurous nitrate 硝酸亚汞mercurous salt 亚汞盐
mercury 汞
mercury arc rectifier 汞汽整流mercury bridge 水银电桥
mercury cathode cell 汞阴极电池mercury cell 水银电池
mercury chloride 氯化汞
mercury cyanide 氰化汞
mercury electrode 水银电极
mercury fulminate 雷酸汞
mercury iodide 碘化汞
mercury lamp 水银灯
mercury manometer 水银压力计mercury nitrate 硝酸汞
mercury oxide 氧化汞
mercury pool 水银槽
mercury process 水银法
mercury pump 水银真空泵
mercury rash 汞皮疹
mercury thermometer 水银温度表mercury vapour rectifier 汞汽整流mercury volumeter 汞容积计meromyosin 酶解肌球蛋白meroplankton 暂时性浮游生物mesaconic acid 甲基反丁烯二酸mescaline 墨斯卡灵
mesh 筛眼
mesityl oxide 异丙叉丙酮
mesitylene 均三甲基苯
meso form 内消旋式
mesobilirubin 中胆红素mesobilirubinogen 中胆红原mesobiliverdin 中胆绿素mesochemistry 介子化学
mesocolloid 近胶体
mesomeric effect 内消旋效应mesomerism 稳变异构
mesomorphic phase 中间相mesomorphism 液晶态
meson 介子
mesophase 中间相
mesorcin 均三甲苯二酚
mesotartaric acid 内消旋酒石酸mesothorium 新钍
mesoxalic acid 中草酸
mesoxalylurea 中草酰脲
messenger ribonucleic acid 信使核糖核酸meta acid 偏酸
metaarsenic acid 偏砷酸
metabiosis 后继共生
metabolism 代谢酌
metabolite 代谢物
metaboric acid 偏硼酸
metachemistry 超化学
metachromasia 异染色
metachromasy 异染色
metachromatic stain 异染性染料metachromatism 变色现象
metadiazine 嘧啶
metaisomerism 位变异构现象
metal alkyl 金属烷基
metal analysis 金属分析
metal arc 金属电弧
metal bath 金属浴
metal carbonyl 羰络金属
metal cluster 金属团簇
metal complex 金属络合盐
metal complex dye 金属配位染料
metal encased brick 铁皮砖
metal film resistor 金属薄膜电阻器
metal fog 金属雾
metal glass 金属玻璃
metal indicator 金属指示剂
metal line 液面线
metal mist 金属雾
metal nonmetal transition 金属非金属过渡metal plating 金属镀层
metal spray gun 金属喷雾器
metal spraying 金属喷涂
metalation 金属化
metaldehyde 多聚乙醛
metallic block calorimeter 金属热量计metallic bond 金属键
metallic complex salt 金属络合盐metallic element 金属元素
metallic luster 金属光泽
metallic oxide 金属氧化物
metallic paint 金属涂料
metallic poison 金属毒
metallic powdery pigment 金属粉末颜料metallic soap 金属皂
metallic thermometer 金属温度计metallic tin 金属锡
metallocene 金属茂络合物
metallocycle 金属循环物
metalloenzyme 金属酶
metallography 金属学
metalloid 类金属
metalloid element 类金属元素
metalloprotein 金属蛋白质
metallurgical chemistry 冶金化学
metallurgical coke 冶金焦
metallurgical microscope 冶金显微镜
metallurgy 冶金
metamer 位变异构体
metamerism 位变异构性
metamorphic deposit 变质矿床
metamorphic rock 变质岩
metamorphism 变形现象
metanil yellow 间胺黄
metanilic acid 间氨基苯磺酸
metaphosphate 偏磷酸盐
metaphosphoric acid 偏磷酸
metaprotein 变性蛋白
metasilicate 偏硅酸盐
metasilicic acid 偏硅酸
metastable atom 亚稳原子
metastable equilibrium 亚稳定平衡
metastable ion 亚稳定离子
metastable phase 亚稳相
metastable state 亚稳状态
metastannic acid 偏锡酸
metathesis 复分解
metathetical salts 复分解盐
meteoric iron 铁陨石
meteorite 陨石
meter oil 仪泼油
metering pump 计量泵
methabenzthiazuron 噻唑隆
methacrylic acid (转载自第一范文网http://,请保留此标记。)异丁烯酸methacrylonitrile 异丁烯腈
methadone 美沙酮
methallyl alcohol 甲代烯丙醇
methanal 甲醛
methane 甲烷
methanoic acid 甲酸
methanol 甲醇
methanolysis 甲醇分解
methanthiol 甲硫醇
methemoglobin 正铁血红蛋白methene 甲叉
methidathion 杀扑磷
methide 甲基化物
methionine 甲硫氨酸
method of least squares 最小二乘法method of spin labeling 自旋标记法method of steady state 定常状态法method of steepest descent 最陡下降法method of substitution 取代法methoxide 甲醇盐
methoxyacetic acid 甲氧基乙酸methoxybenzene 茴香醚methoxychlor 甲氧氯
methoxyl group 甲氧基
methyl acetate 醋酸甲酯
methyl acetone 甲基丙酮
methyl acrylate 丙烯酸甲酯
methyl alcohol 甲醇
methyl benzoate 苯甲酸甲酯
methyl blue 甲基蓝
methyl borate 硼酸甲酯
methyl cellulose 甲基纤维素
methyl chloride 甲基氯
methyl ethyl diketone 乙酰丙酮methyl ethyl ketone 丁酮
methyl furan 甲基呋喃
methyl iodide 甲基碘
methyl mercaptan 甲硫醇
methyl methacrylate 甲基丙烯酸甲酯methyl myristate 十四烷酸甲酯methyl nitrate 硝酸甲酯
methyl orange 甲基橙
methyl parathion 甲基对硫磷
methyl piperazine 甲基哌嗪
methyl red 甲基红
methyl rubber 甲基橡胶
methyl salicylate 水杨酸甲酯
methyl stearate 硬脂酸甲酯
methyl vinyl ether 甲基乙烯基醚methyl vinyl ketone 甲基乙烯基酮methyl violet 甲基紫methylacetylene 丙炔
methylal 甲缩醛
methylallyl chloride 甲代烯丙基氯methylamine 甲胺
methylate 甲醇盐
methylated alcohol 甲基化酒精methylating agent 甲基化剂
methylation 甲基化酌
methylbenzene 甲苯
methylbutynol 甲基丁炔醇methylcyclohexane 甲基环己烷;甲基溶纤剂methylcyclohexanol 甲基环己醇methylcyclohexanone 甲基环己酮methylcyclopentane 甲基环戊烷methylene 甲叉
methylene blue 亚甲蓝
methylene chloride 二氯甲烷methyleneaniline 亚甲基氨苯methylfumaric acid 甲基反丁烯二酸methylglyoxal 丙酮醛methylisobutylketone 甲基异丁酮methylnaphthalene 甲基萘
methylol 亚甲醇
methylolurea 羟甲基脲
methylpentene 甲基戊烯
methylphenol 甲酚
methylpiperidine 哌可啉
metol 米吐尔
metribuzin 赛克津
mezcaline 墨斯卡灵
mica 云母
mica capacitor 云母电容器
mica condenser 云母电容器
mica plate 云母板
mica schist 云母片岩
micaceous hematite 云母赤铁矿micaceous iron ore 云母赤铁矿
micell formation 胶束形成
micell weight 胶束量
micellar space 胶束空间
micelle 胶团
michael reaction 迈克尔反应
micro heterogeneity 微异质性
micro porous rubber 微孔泡沫胶microanalysis 微量分析
microanalytical reagent 微量分析试剂
microanalyzer 微量分析器microbalance 微量天平microbattery 微电池
microbe 微生物
microbicide 杀菌剂
microbioassay 微生物学测定法microbiological assay 微生物学测定法microbiological corrosion 微生物腐蚀microburet 微量滴定管microburner 微灯
microcapsule 微胶囊microchemistry 微量化学microcoacervation 微凝聚microcolorimeter 做量比色计microcomponent 微量组分microcorrosion 微腐蚀microcosmic salt 磷盐
microcrystal 微晶
microcrystalline structure 微晶结构microelectrode 微电极microelectrolysis 微量电解microelement 微量元素
microfilter 微量过滤器microhardness tester 显微硬度试验器microincineration 微量灰化
microlite 细晶石micromanipulator 显微操阻备micrometer 测微计
micrometer eyepiece 目镜测微计micron 微米
micronitrometer 微氮量计micronutrient 微量养料microorganism 微生物microphotometer 显微光度计micropipet 微量吸移管
micropore 微孔
microporous barrier 微孔障碍microsample 微量试样
microscope 显微镜
microscopic analysis 显微镜分析microscopy 显微镜检查法microspectroscope 显微分光镜microstate 微观状态microstructure 微结构
microthrowing power 微量布散能力microtitration 微量滴定microtome 切片机
middle oil 中油
middle tone 中间色调
migration 迁移
migration area 迁移面积migration current 迁移电流migration potential 迁移电位
milk 牛奶
milk fat 乳脂
milk of lime 石灰乳
milk of sulfur 乳硫
milk powder 奶粉
milk sugar 乳糖
milky glass 乳白玻璃
mill 磨粉机
mill addition 球磨机添加物料
mill grease 磨机用润滑脂
milled rubber 捏炼橡胶
milled soap 研制皂milliequivalent 毫当量
millimol 毫克分子
milling 捏炼
milling machine 捏炼机
milling ore 进厂矿石
millon's base 米隆碱
millon's reagent 米隆试剂
mine air 矿井内空气
mine fire 矿井内火灾
mine gas 矿井内气体
mine water 矿井水
mineral 矿物
mineral acid 无机酸
mineral analysis 矿物分析
mineral bath 矿泉浴
mineral black 矿物黑
mineral charcoal 天然木炭mineral chemistry 矿物化学mineral colloid 无机胶体
mineral colza oil 重质灯油mineral deposit 矿床
mineral dressing 选矿
mineral dye 矿物染料
mineral fertilizer 无机肥料
mineral fiber 矿物纤维
mineral oil 矿物油
mineral pigment 矿物性颜料
mineral processing 选矿
mineral resin 矿物尸
mineral rubber 矿物胶
mineral seal oil 重质灯油
mineral spirit 石油醚
mineral substance 矿物质
mineral water 矿泉水
mineral wax 木炭
mineral wool 矿棉
mineralizer 矿化剂
mineralogy 矿物学
minimum 最小
minimum content 最小含量
minimum deviation 最小偏差
minimum number of theoretical plates 最小理论板数minimum reflux ratio 最小回寥
minimum thermometer 最低温度计
minimum weight 最低重量
minium 铅丹
minivalence 最小化合价
minor 子式
mirabilite 芒硝;芒硝
mirbane oil 硝基苯
mirror glass 镜玻璃
mirror image isomer 镜像异构体
mirror point 镜像点
mirror symmetry 镜面对称
miscibility 混性
miscibility gap 混溶隙
miscible solvent 可混溶剂
misfire 拒爆
mispickel 砷黄铁矿
mist 细雾
mitomycin 丝裂霉素
mix spinning 混合纺纱
mixed acid 混酸
mixed base crude oil 混合基原油
mixed bed system 混合床系统
mixed complex 混合络合物
mixed cryoglobulin 混合冷沉球蛋白
mixed crystal 混合晶体
mixed fertilizer 混合肥料
mixed gas 混合气体
mixed glyceride 混酸甘油酯
mixed indicator 混合指示剂
mixed melting point 混合熔点
mixed oxide 混合氧化物
mixed paint 低涂料
mixed solvent 混合溶剂
mixed valence 混合原子价
mixed valence complex 混合原子价复合体mixer 混合机
mixing 混合
mixing machine 混合机
mixing mill 混合辊
mixing proportion 混合比
mixing ratio 混合比
mixture 混合物
mixture of gasoline and alcohol 汽油酒精混合剂mobile equilibrium 怜平衡
mobile oil 猎油
mobile phase 怜相
mobility 迁移率
mobilometer 淌度计
model 型
model enzyme 模型酵素
model research 模型研究
moderation 减速
moderator 减速剂
moderator coolant 减速冷却剂
moderator lattice 慢化剂栅格
modification 变态
modified milk powder 改性牛奶粉
modified rayon 变性人造纤维
modified resin 改良尸
modified wood 改性木材
modifier 改良剂
modifying agent 改良剂
modulation 灯
modulus 模数
modulus of compression 压缩模量
modulus of elasticity 弹性系数
modulus of rupture 裂断模量
mohr pipet 莫尔吸量管
mohr's salt 莫尔盐
mohs scale 莫氏硬度
moiety 一部分
moist adiabatic change 湿绝热变化
moist air 湿空气
moistener 润湿器
moistening chamber 给湿室
moisture 湿气
moisture absorption 吸潮
moisture ash free coal 无水无灰煤
moisture barrier 防潮衬层
moisture content 含水量
moisture equivalent 含水当量
moisture permeability 透湿性
mol 克分子
molal solution 克分子溶液
molar absorption coeffcient 摩尔吸光系数
molar concentration 克分子浓度
molar conductivity 克分子电导率
molar depression 分子降低
molar depression of freezing point 克分子冰点降低molar elevation 克分子升高
molar elevation of boiling point 摩尔沸点升高molar extinction coefficient 克分子消光系数molar fraction 克分子分数
molar heat capacity 克分子热容
molar polarization 分子极化
molar refraction 分子折射
molar rotation 克分子旋光度
molar rotatory power 克分子旋光度
molar solution 摩尔混液
molar specific heat 摩尔比热
molar susceptibility 摩尔磁化率
molar volume 克分子体积
molar weight 分子量
molarity 克分子浓度
molasses 废蜜
mold 霉菌
mold cure 模塑硫化
mold goods 模制品
mold lubricant 脱模剂
mold releasing agent 脱模剂
mold shrinkage 成型收缩
molded laminate 模制品层压
化工专业英语词汇 reacti on kin etics 反应动力学 reacta nt 反应物 purify精制提纯 recycle循环回收 uncon verted reacta nt 未转化的反应物 chemical reactor tran sfer of heat, evaporati on, crystallizatio n 结晶 drying 干燥 screening 筛选,浮选 chemical reacti on 化学反应 crack ing of petroleum 石油裂解 catalyst催化剂, reacti on zone 反应区 con servati on of mass and energy 能量与质量守衡定律tech ni cal adva nee 技术进步
efficie ncy improveme nt 效率提高 reacti on 反应 separatio n 分离 heat excha nge 热交换 reactive distillatio n 反应精馏 capital expe nditure 基建投资 setup 装置 capital outlay 费用,成本,基建投资yield 产率,收率reacti on byproduct 反应副产物equilibrium con sta nt 平衡常数 waste 废物 feedstock 进料,原料 product 产物,产品 perce nt conv ersi on 百分比转化率 ether乙醚 gasoline 汽油 oxyge nate content 氧含量 catalyst催化剂 reacta nt 反应物
化学化工专业词汇常用前后缀 -acetal 醛缩醇 acetal- 乙酰acid 酸 -al醛alcohol 醇-aldehyde 醛 alkali- 碱 allyl 丙烯基alkoxy- 烷氧基 -amide 酰胺amino- 氨基的 -amidine 脒-amine 胺-ane 烷anhydride 酐anilino- 苯胺基aquo- 含水的 -ase 酶-ate 含氧酸的盐、酯 -atriyne 三炔azo- 偶氮 diazo-重氮benzene 苯 bi- 在盐类前表示酸式盐bis- 双 -borane 硼烷 bromo- 溴butyl 丁基-carbinol 甲醇carbonyl 羰基-caboxylic acid 羧酸chloro- 氯代cis- 顺式 condensed 缩合的、冷凝的 cyclo- 环 cyano-氰基deca- 十 -dine 啶dodeca- 十二 -ene 烯epoxy- 环氧 -ester 酯 -ether 醚 ethoxy- 乙氧基 ethyl 乙基fluoro- 氟代 -form 仿 -glycol 二醇 hemi- 半 hendeca- 十一 hepta- 七 heptadeca- 十七 hexa- 六 hexadeca- 十六 -hydrin 醇 hydro- 氢或水 hydroxyl 羟基 hypo- 低级的,次-ic 酸的,高价金属 -ide 无氧酸的盐,酰替胺,酐 -il 偶酰-imine 亚胺 iodine 碘 iodo- 碘代 iso- 异,等,同 -ite 亚酸盐keto- 酮 ketone 酮 kilo- 千 -lactone 内酯mega- 106 meta- 间,偏 methoxy- 甲氧基 methyl 甲基 micro- 10-6 milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一,单 nitro- 硝基 nitroso- 亚硝基 nona- 九, nano- 10-9 nonadeca- 十九 octa- 八 octadeca- 十八 -oic 酸的 -ol 醇 -one 酮 ortho- 邻,正,原 -ous 亚酸的,低价金属 oxa- 氧杂 -oxide 氧化合物-oxime 肟 oxo- 酮 oxy- 氧化 -oyl 酰 para-对位,仲 penta-五pentadeca-十五 per- 高,过 petro- 石油 phenol 苯酚 phenyl 苯基 poly- 聚,多pyro- 焦quadri- 四 quinque- 五 semi- 半septi- 七 sesqui- 一个半 sexi- 六 sulfa- 磺胺sym- 对称 syn- 顺式,同,共ter- 三 tetra- 四 tetradeca- 十四 tetrakis- 四个thio- 硫代 trans- 反式,超,跨tri- 三 thio- 硫代 trans- 反式,超,跨 tri- 三trideca- 十三 tris- 三个 undeca- 十一 uni- 单,一 unsym- 不对称的,偏位 -yl 基 -ylene 撑(二价基,价在不同原子上) -yne 炔 化学学科常用的缩略语 ab. absolute 绝对的addn. addition 添加alc. alcohol 醇alk. alkali 碱) amt. amount 量RA.P. analytically pure 分析纯app. apparatus 装置approx. approximate 大约aqu.aqueous 水的asym. asymmetric 不对称的atm. atmospheric 大气压av. average 平均的b.p. boiling point 沸点ca. about 大约cal. caloric 卡路里calc. calculate 计算cf. compare 比较chem. chemistry 化学const. constant 常数Icontg. containing 含有…的compd. compound 化合物C.P. chemically pure 化学纯cryst. crystalline 晶体decomp. decompose 分解deriv. derivative 衍生detn. determination 测定dil. dilute 稀释的distd. distilled 蒸馏的e.g. for example 例如elec. electric 电的eq. equation 方程equil. equilibrium 平衡equiv.equivalent 等价的et. al. and others 以及其他人etc. et cetera 等等evap. evaporation 蒸发expt. experimental 实验的fig. figure 图hyd. hydrous 水的ibid.同前、如上,在同一地方lab. laboratory 实验室liq. liquid 液体L.R. laboratory reagent实验试剂manf. manufacture 制造max. maximum 最大的min. minute 最小的mixt. mixture 混合物mol.wt. molecular weight 分子量m.p. melting point 熔点分org. organic 有机的ppm. parts per million 百万分之一ppt.precipitated 沉淀的prep. prepare制备resp.respectively分别地sec. second 第二soln. solution 溶液solv. solvent 溶剂sp.gr. specific gravity 比重sq. square 平方sub. sublime 升华susp. suspended 悬浮地tech. technical 技术的Tech.P. technically pure 技术纯temp. temperature 温度vol. volume 体积wt. Weight 重量
表2-1 中英文对照
CC
表8-1 中英文对照 常用玻璃仪器英文表示 adapter 接液管广口瓶air condenser 空气冷凝管beaker 烧杯boiling flask 烧瓶 boiling flask-3-neck 三口烧瓶burette clamp 滴定管夹 burette stand 滴定架台Busher funnel 布氏漏斗Claisen distilling head 减压蒸馏头 condenser-Allihn type 球型冷凝管 condenser-west tube 直型冷凝管
crucible tongs 坩埚钳 crucible with cover 带盖的坩埚distilling head 蒸馏头 distilling tube 蒸馏管 Erlenmeyer flask 锥型瓶evaporating dish (porcelain) 瓷蒸发皿filter flask(suction flask) 抽滤瓶florence flask 平底烧瓶fractionating column 分馏柱 Geiser burette (stopcock) 酸氏滴定管graduated cylinder 量筒 Hirsch funnel 赫氏漏斗 long-stem funnel 长颈漏斗medicine dropper 滴管 Mohr burette for use with pinchcock 碱氏滴定管 Mohr measuring pipette 量液管mortar 研钵 pestle 研杵 pinch clamp 弹簧节流夹 plastic squeeze bottle 塑料洗瓶reducing bush 大变小转换接头rubber pipette bulb 吸耳球 screw clamp 螺旋夹 separatory funnel 分液漏斗stemless funnel 无颈漏斗 test tube holder 试管夹 test tube 试管 Thiele melting point tube 提勒熔点管transfer pipette 移液管 tripod 三角架 volumetric flask 容量瓶 watch glass 表皿 wide-mouth bottle 广口瓶 【分享】有机物英语单词后缀表 有机物英语单词后缀表 -acetal 缩醇 acid 酸 -al 醛 alcohol 醇 -aldehyde 醛 -aldechydic acid 醛酸
仅供参考 Introduction to Organic Chemistry 1. Sources of Organic Compounds The major sources of organic chemicals are coal, petroleum, and agricultural products. Both coal and petroleum were formed through the geologic processes of changing animal and plant remains into carbon-containing residues. About one-third of all organic chemicals are derived from coal and about one-half from the petroleum industry 有机化合物的来源 有机化学药品的主要来源是煤、石油和农产品。动植物的遗体通过地质作用变成含碳残基然后形成煤和石油。三分之一的所有有机化合物品是从煤中得到的,一般来自于石油工业。 2. The Methods and Objectives of Organic Chemistry Because of the tremendous number of organic compounds known, and of the many more being synthesized daily, the study of organic chemistry is not the study of individual compounds, it is the study of groups or families of compounds all closely related to each other. Obviously, the former approach would be prohibitive[prE5hibitiv]. Once the structural relationships of certain typical members of a particular group or family of compounds are understood, these structural features are understood for any one of the many members of the family, even though some may not be known compounds. 因为已知的有机化合物的数目庞大,而且还在逐日合成更多的品种,所以有机化学不是研究单个的化合物,而是把彼此密切相关的化合物按类或族来研究。显然,以前的方法是不可取的,一旦典型的一类特殊化合物被认识,这些结构特征将适用于这类化合物,甚至是一些未知的化合物, For each group or family of compounds often called homologous series of compounds, structural features are important. In studying organic chemistry, it is not enough to know the identities of the elements and how many atoms of each element are present in a given molecule. More importantly, the order in which these atoms are linked together to form
精细化工专业常用英语专业词 汇 (400) 1998年8月 A abscissa n. 横座标abundance n. 丰富, 充裕acceptor n. 接受体accumulator n. 储料器 acetic acid n. 醋酸, 乙酸acknowledge v. &n. 致谢activation n. 活化acylation n. 酰化 addition n. 加成反应adhesive n. 粘合剂advancement n. 进展,增长advantageous adj. 有利的 aerosol n. 烟雾 affinity n. 亲合力 agent n. 试剂aldehyde n. 醛 aldol n. 醛醇aliphatic acid n. 脂肪酸 alkaline adj. 碱的 alkaloid n. 生物碱 alkane n. 烷烃 alkene n. 烯烃alkylation n. 烃化, 烷基化alkyl halide n. 烷基卤, 卤烷alkyne n. 炔alphabetic adj. 依字母顺序ambiguity n. 模糊, 意义不明确amide n. 酰胺amine n. 胺amino acid n. 氨基酸amorphous adj. 无定形analogue n. 类似物anhydride n. 酸酐aniline n. 苯胺anion n. 阴离子anomaly n. 异常,反常antibiotics n. 抗菌素antifreezing agent n. 抗冻剂antioxidant n. 抗氧剂appreciable adj. 可估计的architect n. 建筑师, 设计师arene n. 芳烃aromatic adj. 芳香的aromatization n. 芳构化asymmetric adj. 不对称的autooxidation n. 自氧化awarenness n, 意识azeotrope n.共沸混合物azo dye n. 偶氮染料 B backup n. /adj 备用设备base n. 碱, 基, 底beaker n. 烧杯benzene n. 苯biological degradation n. 生物降解biosynthesis vt. 生物合成bleach vt. 漂白bond n. 键branched chain n. 支链budget n. & v. 预算bubble-cap tower n. 泡罩塔buffer n. 缓冲,缓冲剂 C carbanion n. 负碳离子, 阴碳离子carbene n. 碳烯, 卡宾carbide n. 碳化物, 碳化钙carbocation n. 正碳离子, 阳碳离子carbonyl group n. 羰基carboxy group n. 羧基carboxylic acid n. 羧酸carcinogenic adj. 致癌的β-carotene n. β胡萝卜素carrier n. 载体cartridge n. 软片暗盒catalysis n. 催化(作用) cation n. 阳离子cellulose n. 纤维素ceramic adj/n. 陶瓷(的) chemical shift n. 化学位移chirality n. 手性chlorination n. 氯化作用chlorohydrocarbon n. 氯代烃chromophore n. 发色团cis-trans isomer n. 顺反异构体classic adj. 经典的, 传统的cluster n. 蔟,一串,一束coherent adj. 黏附的,相干的(光学) coil n. 蛇管colorant n. 颜料,着色剂commodity n. 用品compensation n. 补偿competitive n. 竞争的complementary n. 补充的complex n. 络合物complication n. 复杂concerted reaction n. 协同反应condensation n. 缩合反应condiment n. 调味品conformation n. 构象conjugation n. 共轭construction n. 建设, 建筑consultant n. 顾问
普通化学 General Chemistry 分析化学 Analytical Chemistry 有机化学 Organic Chemistry 物理化学 Physical Chemistry 谱学导论 Introducton of Spectroscopy 无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry 普通化学和分析化学实验 Experiments of General and Analytical Chemistry 现在基础化学 The Principle of Mordern Chemistry 现在基础化学实验 Experiments of Modern Fundamental Chemistry 有机化学实验 Experiments of Organic Chemistry 仪器分析和物理化学实验 Experiments of Instrumental Analysis and Physica 合成化学实验 Experiments of Synthetic Chemistry 现代化学专题 Topic of Modern Chemistry 化学综合实验 Experiments of Comprehensive Chemistry 化工原理 Principle of Chemical Engineering 化工原理实验 Experiments of Chemical Engineering 应用化学实验 Experiments of Applied Chemistry 无机合成化学 Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry 近代分析化学 Modern Analytical Chemistry 分离分析化学 Separation Analytical Chemistry 有机化合物波谱鉴定 Spectrum Identification of Organic Compounds 有机合成及反应机理 Organic Synthesis and Mechanics 化学进展 Progress in Chemistry 化学反应工程 Chemical Reaction Engineering 应用电化学 Applied Electrochemistry 工业催化 Industrial Catalysis 环境化学 Environmental Chemistry 环境监测 Environmental Monitoring 化学科技英语 Scientific English for Chemistry 数理方法在化学中的应用 Mathematical Statistics for Chemistry 化工制图 Chemical Engineering Cartography 计算机与化学测量实验 Computer and Chemical Measurement 化学信息学 Chemoinformatics or Chemical Informatics 应用化学专题 Special Topics in Applied Chemistry 方案(建议书)proposal 可行性研究 feasibility study 方案设计 concept design 工艺设计 process design 基础设计 basic design 详细设计 detail design 开工会议 - kick-off meeting 审核会议 review meeting 外商投资 foreign investment 中外合资 joint venture 中外合营 joint venture 补偿贸易 compensation trade 合同合同附件 contract 卖方 vendor 买方 buyer 顾客 client
第二章科技英语构词法 词是构成句子的要素,对词意理解的好坏直接关系到翻译的质量。 所谓构词法即词的构成方法,即词在结构上的规律。科技英语构词特点是外来语多(很多来自希腊语和拉丁语);第二个特点是构词方法多,除了非科技英语中常用的三种构词法—转化、派生及合成法外,还普遍采用压缩法、混成法、符号法和字母象形法。 2.1转化法(Conversion) 由一种词类转化成另一种词类,叫转化法。例如: water(n.水)→water(v.浇水) charge(n.电荷) →charge(v.充电) yield(n.产率) →yield(v.生成) dry(a.干的) →dry(v.烘干) slow(a.慢的) →slow(v.减慢) back(ad.在后、向后) →back(v.使后退、倒车) square(n.正方形) →square(a.正方形的) 2.2派生法(Derivation) 通过加前、后缀构成一新词。派生法是化工类科技英语中最常用的构词法。 例如“烷烃”就是用前缀(如拉丁或希腊前缀)表示分子中碳原子数再加上“-ane”作词尾构成的。若将词尾变成“-ane”、“-yne”、“-ol”、“-al”、“-yl”,则分别表示“烯”、“炔”、“醇”、“醛”、“基”、等。依此类推,从而构成千成种化学物质名词。常遇到这样的情况,许多化学化工名词在字典上查不到,全若掌握这种构词法,能过其前、后缀分别代表的意思,合在一起即是该词的意义。下面通过表1举例说明。需要注意的是,表中物质的数目词头除前四个另有名称外,其它均为表上的数目词头。 本书附录为化学化工专业常用词根及前后缀。此外还可参阅《英汉化学化工词汇》(第三版)附录中的“英汉对照有机基名表”、“西文化学名词中常用的数止词头”及“英汉对照有机词尾表”。 据估计,知道一个前缀可帮助人们认识450个英语单词。一名科技工作者至少要知道近50个前缀和30个后缀。这对扩大科技词汇量,增强自由阅读能力,提高翻译质量和加快翻译速度都是大有裨益的。 2.3合成法(Composition) 由两个或更多的词合成一个词,叫合成法。有时需加连字符。 如副词+过去分词well-known 著名的 名词+名词carbon steel 碳钢 rust-resistance 防锈 名词+过去分词computer-oriented 研制计算机的 介词+名词by-product 副产物 动词+副词makeup 化妆品 check-up 检查 形容词+名词atomic weight 原子量 periodic table 周期表 动词+代词+副词pick-me-up 兴奋剂 副词+介词+名词out-of-door 户外 2.4压缩法(Shortening) (1)只取词头字母 这种方法在科技英语中较常用。
15 Extractive and Azeotropic Distillation Extractive and azeotropic distillation have the common feature that a substance not normally present in the mixture to be separated is deliberately introduced into the system in order to increase the difference in volatility of the most hard to separate components. Extractive distillation can be defined as distillation in the presence of a substance which is relatively non-volatile compared to the components to be separated, and which, therefore, is charged continuously near the top of the fractionating tower, so that an appreciable concentration is maintained on all plates in the tower below its entry. Azeotropic distillation can be defined as distillation in which the add ed substance forms an azeotrope with one or more of the components in the feed, and by virtue of this are present on most of the plates in the tower above its entry at an appreciable level of concentration. These separation methods find their principal applications in the separation of mixtures whose components boil too close together for the economical use of simple fractionating equipment. These separation methods are particularly applicable when the components to be separated differ in chemical type. The theoretical principles involved are well documented, and will not be further considered here. The processes diff er in the means used to maintain be desired solvent concentration on the plates of the tower. In extractive distillation the high concentration of solvent is maintained by virtue of its non-volatility, and by the fact that it is charged at a high point in the tower. The solvent is, necessarily, removed from the base of the principal tower. In azeotropic distillation, most of the solvent is taken off from overhead, with relatively small amounts (ideally, none) drawn off with the bottoms. Extractive distillation is generally more flexible than azeotropic distillation, a greater variety of solvents and a wider range of operation conditions are available; and the concentration of solvent may be controlled by heat and material balances rather than by the accident of azeotrope composition. Furthermore, since vaporization of the solvent is not required beat loads are usually considerably less. It has been mainly used for the separation of toluene, not benzene. But it is mentioned here for
化工专业英语词汇化学专业课程中英文对照 一、化工装置常用词汇 一概论introduction 方案(建议书) proposal 可行性研究feasibility study 方案设计concept design 工艺设计process design 基础设计basic design 详细设计detail design 开工会议kick-off meeting 审核会议review meeting 外商投资foreign investment 中外合资joint venture 中外合营joint venture 补偿贸易compensation trade 合同合同附件contract 卖方vendor 买方buyer 顾客client 承包商contractor 工程公司company 供应范围scope of supply 生产范围production scope 生产能力production capacity 项目project 界区battery limit 装置plant
公用工程utilities 工艺流程图process flow diagram 工艺流程方块图process block diagram 管道及仪表流程图piping and instrument drawing 物料及热量平衡图mass & heat balance diagram 蒸汽及冷凝水平衡图steam & condensate balance diagram 设备布置图equipment layout 设备表equipment list 成品(产品) product(final product) 副产品by-product 原料raw-material 设计基础数据basic data for design 技术数据technical data 数据表data sheet 设计文件design document 设计规定design regulation 现场服务site service 项目变更project change 用户变更client change 消耗定额consumption quota 技术转让technical transfer 技术知识technical know-how technical knowledge 技术保证technical guarantee 咨询服务consultative services 技术服务technical services 工作地点location 施工现场construction field 报价quotation 标书bidding book
化工专业英语词汇 化学专业课程中英文对照 一、化工装置常用词汇 一概论 introduction 方案(建议书) proposal 可行性研究 feasibility study 方案设计 concept design 工艺设计 process design 基础设计 basic design 详细设计 detail design 开工会议 kick-off meeting 审核会议 review meeting 外商投资 foreign investment 中外合资 joint venture 中外合营 joint venture 补偿贸易 compensation trade 合同合同附件 contract 卖方 vendor 买方 buyer 顾客 client 承包商 contractor 工程公司 company 供应范围 scope of supply 生产范围 production scope 生产能力 production capacity 项目 project 界区 battery limit
装置 plant 公用工程 utilities 工艺流程图 process flow diagram 工艺流程方块图 process block diagram 管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument drawing 物料及热量平衡图 mass & heat balance diagram 蒸汽及冷凝水平衡图 steam & condensate balance diagram 设备布置图 equipment layout 设备表 equipment list 成品(产品) product(final product) 副产品 by-product 原料 raw-material 设计基础数据 basic data for design 技术数据 technical data 数据表 data sheet 设计文件 design document 设计规定 design regulation 现场服务 site service 项目变更 project change 用户变更 client change 消耗定额 consumption quota 技术转让 technical transfer 技术知识 technical know-how technical knowledge 技术保证 technical guarantee 咨询服务 consultative services 技术服务 technical services 工作地点 location 施工现场 construction field 报价 quotation
reaction kinetics 反应动力学 reactant 反应物 purify 精制提纯 recycle 循环回收 unconverted reactant 未转化的反应物 chemical reactor transfer of heat, evaporation, crystallization 结晶drying 干燥 screening 筛选,浮选chemical reaction 化学反应cracking of petroleum 石油裂解catalyst 催 化剂, reaction zone 反应区 conservation of mass and energy 能量与质量守衡定律 technical advance 技术进步 efficiency improvement 效率提高 reaction 反应separation 分离 heat exchange 热交换 reactive distillation 反应精馏 capital expenditure 基建投资 setup 装置 capital outlay 费用,成本,基建投资 yield 产率,收率 reaction byproduct 反应副产物 equilibrium constant 平衡常数 waste 废物 feedstock 进料,原料 product 产物,产品 percent conversion 百分比转化率 ether 乙醚 gasoline 汽油 oxygenate content 氧含量 catalyst 催化剂 reactant 反应物 inert 惰性物,不参加反应的物质 reactive distillation 反应精馏 energy saving 节约能量 energy efficiency 能量效率 heat-sensitive material 热敏性物质 pharmaceutical 制药 foodstuff 食品 gas diffusivity 气体扩散性,气体扩散系数 gas adsorption 吸收; absorption:吸附 specialty chemical 特殊化学品,特种化学品 batch 间歇的; continuous:连续的 micro-reactor 微型反应器 hydrogen and methane oxidation 氢气和甲烷氧化反应
Unit 21 Chemical Industry and Environment 化学工业与环境 How can we reduce the amount of waste that is produced? And how we close the loop by redirecting spent materials and products into programs of recycling? All of these questions must be answered through careful research in the coming years as we strive to keep civilization in balance with nature. 我们怎样才能减少产生废物的数量?我们怎样才能使废弃物质和商品纳入循环使用的程序?所有这些问题必须要在未来的几年里通过仔细的研究得到解决,这样我们才能保持文明与自然的平衡。 1.Atmospheric Chemistry Coal-burning power plants, as well as some natural processes, deliver sulfur compounds to the stratosphere, where oxidation produces sulfuric acid particles that reflect away some of the incoming visible solar radiation. In the troposphere, nitrogen oxides produced by the combustion of fossil fuels combine with many organic molecules under the influence of sunlight to produce urban smog. The volatile hydrocarbon isoprene, well known as a building block of synthetic rubber, is also produced naturally in forests. And the chlorofluorocarbons, better known as CFCs, are inert in automobile air conditioners and home refrigerators but come apart under ultraviolet bombardment in the mid-stratosphere with devastating effect on the earth’s stratospheric ozone layer. The globally averaged atmospheric concentration of stratospheric ozone itself is only 3 parts in 10 million, but it has played a crucial protective role in the development of all biological life through its absorption of potentially harmful shout-wavelength solar ultraviolet radiation. 1.大气化学 燃煤发电厂像一些自然过程一样,也会释放硫化合物到大气层中,在那里氧化作用产生硫酸颗粒能反射入射进来的可见太阳辐射。在对流层,化石燃料燃烧所产生的氮氧化物在阳光的影响下与许多有机物分子结合产生都市烟雾。挥发的碳氢化合物异戊二烯,也就是众所周知的合成橡胶的结构单元,可以在森林中天然产生含氯氟烃。我们所熟悉的CFCs,在汽车空调和家用冰箱里是惰性的,但在中平流层内在紫外线的照射下回发生分解从而对地球大气臭氧层造成破坏,全球大气层中臭氧的平均浓度只有3ppm,但它对所有生命体的生长发育都起了关键的保护作用,因为是它吸收了太阳光线中有害的短波紫外辐射。 During the past 20 years, public attention has been focused on ways that mankind has caused changes in the atmosphere: acid rain, stratospheric zone depletion, greenhouse warming, and the increased oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere. We have known for generations that human activity has affected the nearby surroundings, but only gradually have we noticed such effects as acid rain on a regional then on an intercontinental scale. With the problem of ozone depletion and concerns about global warming, we have now truly entered an era of global change, but the underlying scientific facts have not yet been fully established. 在过去的二十年中,公众的注意力集中在人类对大气层的改变:酸雨、平流层臭氧空洞、温室现象,以及大气的氧化能力增强,前几代人已经知道,人类的活动会对邻近的环境造成影响,但意识到像酸雨这样的效应将由局部扩展到洲际范围则是慢慢发现的。随着臭氧空洞问题的出现,考虑到对全球的威胁,我们已真正进入到全球话改变的时代,但是基本的