雅思作文写作冲刺课程讲义

2010年冲刺班雅思A类写作讲义

主讲：刘巍巍

第一讲雅思高分写作思路总览

雅思写作高分：7分或7分以上

第一节的内容：

1．雅思写作的整体介绍

2．高分写作的要求

3．解决问题的方案

4．课程的总览

一．雅思写作的整体介绍General Introduction

听力、阅读考试之后

60分钟Task 1 and Task 2

A类和G类的区别：

task 2 议论文

task 1 A：图表作文G：书信

评分：以Task 2 为主

二：高分写作的要求

评分标准：

Vocabulary and Sentence Structure(词汇与句子结构)

Arguments, Ideas and Evidence(论证，论点和论据)

Communicative Quality(交流质量)

Vocabulary and Sentence Structure(词汇与句子结构)

1.避免使用过于低级的单词

The problem becomes worse by the poor effects we made.

The problem was compounded due to the ineffective measures we had taken.

They claim that sports lead to competition rather than cooperation is only an incorrect argument. The claim that sports lead to competition rather than cooperation is only a lame argument. People face violence and crimes on TV and films every day.

People are bombarded by violence and crimes on TV and films every day.

The kind of growth may lead to very bad results.

The kind of growth may lead to dire consequences.

consequence:

far-reaching（深远的）, profound（深刻的）, adverse（不利的）, catastrophic（灾难的）, damaging（破坏性的）, devastating（破坏性的）, dire（可怕的）, disastrous（灾难的）, fatal（致命的）, tragic（悲惨的）, severe（严重的）,

2.避免过分重复同一样的单词

Mothers enjoy the same right for career advancement as fathers do.

Mothers are just as entitled to career advancement as fathers.

Mothers are empowered to career advancement as fathers.

3.尽可能展示多变的句型

定语从句：

China is the largest developing country and is enjoying rapid economic growth. As a result, in the streets of major cities in China, there are thousands of vehicles of all kinds.

As the largest developing country, China is enjoying rapid economic growth, the evidence of which can be seen in all major cities whose streets are teeming with thousands of vehicles of all kinds.

倒装句：

Young people are so impulsive and easily influenced that they are constantly tricked by advertisement in all forms of media.

Impulsive and easily influenced as young people are, they are constantly tricked by advertisement in all forms of media.

伴随状语：

It is common now for kids to spend six and a half days in school each week because they have to sit through one extra class after another.

It is common for kids to spend six and a half days in school each week, sitting through one extra class after another.

设问句：

Even if machine translation were able to eradicate all the language barriers between peoples, learning foreign languages still make sense.

Even if machine translation were able to eradicate all the language barriers between people, would there be no point in learning foreign languages? By no means.

Arguments, Ideas and Evidence(论证，论点和论据)

Some people think that in order to improve the quality of education, high school students should be encouraged to evaluate and criticize their teachers, but other people maintain that such evaluation and criticism may cause loss of respect for teachers and discipline. What do you think?

有人认为，为了提高教育质量，我们应该鼓励高中生对自己的老师进行评估；别的人却认为这种评估是不尊重教师、违反学校纪律的行为。请给出你的看法？

学生评价老师的理由：

1.通过评估，老师可以知道学生究竟想些什么、需要什么

If students are not allowed to evaluate or criticize the teachers, it is hard for the teachers to find out what the students think or what they need.

2.评价和批评本身也是一种有效的交流方式

Evaluation and criticism are themselves effective forms of communication

3.听取学生的真实意见和想法，教师自己也能够受益匪浅

Teachers will benefit a lot when their minds are open to the ideas and honest opinions of the youngsters.

高分作文两个注意事项：

1．论据尽可能新颖：论据新颖，文字才更有可能新颖

2．新颖应该让位于准确性：确保文字没有错误

Communicative Quality(交流质量)

1．高分作文，在于文字和论据精彩，不在于结构另类

2．雅思作文类型固定，写作模式也固定，高分作文亦然

三：解决问题的方案

1 Vocabulary and Sentence Structure(词汇与句子结构)

→总结大量经典搭配，交替使用

2Arguments, Ideas and Evidence(论证，论点和论据)

→范文讲解附带论据整理

3Communicative Quality(交流质量)

→给出固定写作思路，不求变革

四：课程总览

八节课程

第一节：整体介绍

第二至第七节：各类议论文的高分写作思路

1.该类议论文的写作思路点拨

2.范文讲解

3.课后作业及范文

第八节：

A类：图表作文高分写作思路

G类：书信类作文高分写作思路

第二节观点类雅思作文高分写作思路

范例：

Nowadays computers are widely used in education. As a result, some people think teachers no longer play an important role in classrooms. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Some people think that machine translation is highly developed in today?s society. Therefore it is not necessary for children to learn a foreign language. What?s your opinion?

University should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject. Do you agree or disagree?

Some people think that it is the responsibility of the government to ensure that people in the country have healthy lifestyles. Other people believe that individuals should be free to decide their own lifestyles. Please give your opinion.

标志性文字：

Do you agree or disagree?

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

What?s your opinion?

Please give your own opinion.

重点在于：就题目讨论的问题，给出自己的观点

结构构思：

1. 传统的写作思路: 第一段亮出观点，然后分段给出不同的论据，最后一段收尾，总结全文，同时再次重申自己的观点

2. 高分作文，在于文字（词汇、句型、观点）方面制造亮点，不在于在结构方面铤而走险尝试新的方式

范文讲解1：

Nowadays people can use computers to talk, learn and communicate without leaving home. There is a danger that it will cause more isolation and a lack of communication among people. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

写作思路：

1.观点：电脑不会妨碍人和人之间的交流

小提示：科技类的文章，尽量选择正观点，讲述科技为人类做出的贡献为佳

2. 论据:

(1). 不能狭隘地理解交流和隔阂，在电脑屏幕前花很多的时间不等于缺乏与世隔绝，

Communication and isolation must not be defined in a narrow sense. Alienation of people is not caused by how little they talk or meet each other but by lack of interest in our fellow creatures or the world at large.

隔绝、疏远：isolation alienation

(2). 计算机让大家有了共同的兴趣，促进了人们之间的共鸣

common 共同的

Computers help to prevent isolation by bringing every possible field of interest onto the screen. You can broaden your interests and enrich your life by accessing whatever and whoever you are interested in.

(3). 不同的时代有不同的交流方式，电脑就是当今时代的交流工具之一

Our mode of communication is forever changing and computers represent the latest way of communication.

远古时代：primitive primeval times shouts and gestures 呐喊和手势

后来：文字和语言spoken and written language

现代：we prefer emails to ordinary mails, chat room, forum, tele-conference

(4). 互联网让我们时时刻刻都连接在一起，一切都可以在指尖上实现

The Internet keeps us linked to each other all the time. Everything is at the touch of a fingertip.

开篇：引入观点的技巧

S ome people think…. Other people think… I think ….

…. has been a hot topic. Different people hold different views. In my opinion, ….

…. has caused a lot of controversy. Some people think ….. but I think ….

（以下开始逐句讲解范文，请跟随讲解的进度，以flash的形式，屏幕上逐句出现范文的文字，并在需要讲解的地方，插入讲解内容的文本）

Invented some 60 years ago, computers have already transformed the way most of us live. The advent of the Internet opens up the possibility of communicating and interacting via the computer.

impending advent 即将来临

将话题引入电脑

With more time spent on computers and less with each others, people start to fear the dehumanizing effect of this wonderful human contrivance.

提出题目中以及提及到的观点

特别提醒：切忌不要重复题目中出现的语句，要适当地paraphrase，用不同的文字，来表达同样的内容

亮点：contrivance 发明物

普通词汇：invention

This inordinate concern is quite groundless.

简单地亮出自己的观点。

Inordinate 过量的

Several countries have been using nuclear energy technologies safely and see no inordinate concern in using and developing additional technology.

第二段给出第一个论据

On e doesn?t necessarily become isolated if he spends most of his time alone using a computer. Isolation only occurs when one is obsessed by his own affair and cares nothing about anything else.

着迷于某事、专注于某事

be obsessed by …

be absorbed into

be fascinated with

be crazy about

be captivated with

…is in my blood.

Music is in my blood.

Indeed, many feel isolated and lonely in the midst of crowds or even while talking to others because they are trapped in their own world or because others are in theirs.

句式的多样和地道

原始版本：

…because they are trapped in their own world or because others are trapped in their own worlds.

升级版本：

…because they are trapped in their own world or because others are in theirs

第三段：

As far as communication is concerned, the using of computers is by no means detrimental.

产生不好的影响：

negative effect

dehumanizing effect

detrimental effect

deleterious

Why should computers be singled out as particularly deleterious?

出现问句，达到“句式多变”的高分必备要求

Single out 挑选出

What matters is not whether or not we communicate in the orthodox or traditional ways but the very fact that we do communicate.

orthodox 规范的、普遍赞许的、正统的

尾段：再次重申观点

Computer is but a tool, the misuse of which it is not responsible for.

以定语从句结尾，全文中出现了五种句式,除了普通的陈述句式之外，还出现了：

（1）动词的分词引导的状语从句：

Invented some 60 years ago, computers have already transformed the way most of us live.

（2）一般疑问句

Why should computers be singled out as particularly deleterious?

（3）定语从句

Communication is made easy by technology, which promises infinite possibilities ahead.

（4）部分省略句

Indeed, many feel isolated and lonely in the midst of crowds or even while talking to others because they are trapped in their own world or because others are in theirs.

（完整版范文请收集在电子讲义中）

Nowadays people can use computers to talk, learn and communicate without leaving home. There is a danger that it will cause more isolation and a lack of communication among people. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Invented some 60 years ago, computers have already transformed the way most of us live. The advent of the Internet opens up the possibility of communicating and interacting via the computer. With more time spent on computers and less with each others, people start to fear the dehumanizing effect of this wonderful human contrivance. This inordinate concern is quite groundless.

One doesn?t necessarily become isolated if he spends most of his time alone using a computer. Isolation only occurs when one is obsessed by his own affair and cares nothing about anything else. Indeed, many feel isolated and lonely in the midst of crowds or even while talking to others because they are trapped in their own world or because others are in theirs. Alienation of people is not caused by how little they talk or meet each other but by the lack of interest in our fellow creatures and the world at large. Hence, computers actually help to prevent isolation by bringing every possible field of interest onto the screen. Everything is at the touch of a fingertip. You can broaden your interests and enrich your life by accessing whatever and whoever you are interested in.

As far as communication is concerned, the using of computers is by no means detrimental. In primeval times our ancestors communicate by a simple system of shouts and gestures. Then spoken and written languages developed. We now prefer emails to ordinary letters. Our mode of communication is forever changing. Why should computers be singled out as particularly deleterious? What matters is not whether or not we communicate in the orthodox or traditional ways but the very fact that we do communicate. Indeed, computer technology facilitates the exchange of ideas and information. The Internet keeps us linked to each other all the time. Apart from the usual emails, chat rooms and forums, tele-conferencing is being employed daily to enhance communication. Communication is made easy by technology, which promises infinite possibilities ahead.

Thus, communication and isolation must not be defined in a narrow sense. Problems arise not from technological development but from people themselves. Computer is but a tool, the misuse of which it is not responsible for.

（中文翻译可以出现在电子讲义中即可，不需要出现在屏幕中）

如今，人们使用电脑足不出户就可以进行交流和学习。这有可能会引起人和人之间的隔阂，使得人与人之间缺乏交流。你是否同意这样的观点？

从六十年前被发明到现在，计算机已经改变了我们的生活方式。互联网的出现则使得人们利用计算机进行沟通交流成为了可能。人们花在电脑上的时间多了，花在人同他人交往上的时间少了，于是人们开始对这项人类伟大发明所带来的非人性效果感到恐惧。这种过度的担忧其实是杞人忧天。

即使一个人花了很多时间在电脑上，也不一定就会与世隔绝。真正的隔绝其实是指一个人过分专注于自己的事情，对其他一切都置之度外。事实上，很多人即使身处人群当中，甚至在和别人谈话过程中，仍感到孤独寂寞，因为他自己已经深深陷入了自己的世界当中，或者因为他周围的人陷入了他们自己的世界当中。总的来说，人与人之间的疏远不是因为人们交谈见面的时间少了，而是因为人们对他人，对世界失去了兴趣。所以，计算机其实有助于防止这种人与人的隔绝，因为计算机把大家的各种领域的可能的共同兴趣都集中到了屏幕上来了。一切都可以在指尖上实现。不管你对什么事情，什么人物感兴趣，你都可以通过计算机满足你的兴趣，从而拓宽你的兴趣爱好，丰富你的生活。

从沟通的角度来看，计算机的使用也没有任何坏处。在原始时代，我们的祖先通过喊叫和手势来交流。然后，出现了语言和文字。现在我们更喜欢用电子邮件代替传统邮件。我们的沟通方式在不断的改变。为什么要单单指责计算机的害处呢？重要的不是我们是否通过传统的方式沟通，而是我们是否真正地进行沟通。事实上，计算机技术为我们交换想法和信息提供了方便。互相网使我们时时刻刻都相互联系在一起。除了电子邮件，我们每天还使用聊天室，论坛，远程会议等来加强我们间的沟通与交流。科技使我们的沟通变得容易了，为我们开辟了无限的机会。

所以，不能狭隘地看待沟通与交流。相关的问题不是技术发展带来的，而是产生于人们自身。计算机只是工具，它的滥用不能归咎于由计算机本身。

范文讲解2

As science and technology contribute most to the development of society, science students should get more financial support from government than students in other fields (eg. business, language, etc.). To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

第一步：

确定观点：反对该观点

第二步：确定论据：

（1）尽管科技取得了很多成就，甚至是很多的奇迹，仍然有很多问题让科技无能为力

Notwithstanding the achievements and miracles made possible by science, numerous issues cannot be solved by science or technology.

Notwithstanding = despite

举例：青少年犯罪juvenile delinquency

种族歧视racial discrimination

道德水平下降moral degradation

the decline of moral standards

（2）一个学生能得到的经济援助应该由其学业成绩来决定

The amount of financial aid should be based on the students? academic performance

第一段：

Never in history was science and technology so emphasized as in modern society.

开篇使用倒装句，吸引眼球，达到句式多变的要求

However, this lopsided emphasis seems ungrounded.

Lopsided 不平衡的

Ungrounded groundless

This inordinate concern was quite groundless.

用简单的语言，亮出自己的观点。

第二段：

It is quite debatable that science and technology contribute more to human progress.

可商榷的、有异议的

debatable

arguable

questionable

Consensus has yet to be reached concerning ….

Modern people are more often plagued by problems of the heart, instead of the body.

Plague 折磨

Trouble, bother, haunt, harass

This problem of air pollution has haunted every one in the city.

The material wealth generated by science and technology often pales against the peace of mind brought by art or literature. pale against 显得苍白无力

特别提醒：文章中一定要使用一定量的介词短语，以体现词汇量的丰富性(lexical resource)

第三段：

Grants or scholarships should not be lavished upon those without real interest in or dedication to a scholarly pursuit, whereas those with real potential should be offered adequate financial support lest they get distracted by working part time to pay for their education.

用or引导同义词或近义词，来展示词汇量

grants or scholarship

interest in or dedication to

lest以免

foremost 最重要的

第四段

In a larger sense, all subjects are vital to human progress.

Vital 至关重要的

Very important

Vitally important

（范文请出现在电子讲义中）

Never in history was science and technology so emphasized as in modern society. One is most likely to get a scholarship for graduate study overseas if he or she majors in science or technology. However, this lopsided emphasis seems ungrounded.

It is quite debatable that science and technology contribute more to human progress. Notwithstanding the achievements and miracles made possible by science, numerous issues cannot be solved by science or technology. Social issues such as juvenile delinquency, racial discrimination and moral degradation are all beyond the scope of science. Modern people are more often plagued by problems of the heart, instead of the body. The material wealth generated by science and technology often pales against the peace of mind brought by art or literature.

Besides, the amount of financial aid should be based on the students? academic performance. How much financial support a student is to receive should be determined on an individual basis. Grants or scholarships should not be lavished upon those without real interest in or dedication to a scholarly pursuit, whereas those with real potential should be offered adequate financial support lest they get distracted by working part time to pay for their education. No matter what major they are in, the foremost criteria for receiving financial aid should be their academic potential. Thus, it is not justified to favor science majors more than other students.

In a larger sense, all subjects are vital to human progress. It will be a hopeless attempt to compare the importance of each subject. Financial support should be granted to those with real potential.

科技为社会进步做出的贡献最大，所以学科技的学生应该比别的专业（例如商业、语言等）的学生获得更多的财政支持。你是否同意这样的观点？

有史以来，科学技术从来没有像现在这样受到重视。如果所学的专业与科技有关，一个学生获得奖学金到国外留学的机会就会大幅增加。但是，这种过分的重视似乎并没有根据。

科技是否对人类的进步做出了更大的贡献是很值得商榷的。尽管科技取得了很多成就，甚至是很多的奇迹，仍然有很多问题让科技无能为力。青少年犯罪、种族歧视、道德败坏等社会问题都是科学不能解决的。现代人更多的时候是为心理问题所困扰，而不是生理问题。科技所带来的物质财富在艺术和文学给人们带来的心灵宁静面前显得苍白无力。

此外，一个学生能得到的经济援助应该由其学业成绩来决定，而且应该单独对待、因人而异。奖学金或者助学金不应该发给那些对学术追求没有真正兴趣、缺乏奉献精神的人，而应该发放给那些有学术潜能的学生，以免其为了付学费而打临时工影响学业。不管是什么专业，考虑对学生发放经济援助与否的最重要标准应该是他们的学术潜力。所以，不应该偏向于科学专业的学生。

从更高的意义上来说，对于人类进步来说，所有的学科都是重要的。我们无法比较究竟哪个学科更重要些。经济援助应该发放给那些真正有潜力的学生。

课后作业：

Modern technology gives people more free time, but actually they are busier than before. Do you agree or disagree?

Like me, most people are busy all day long. There never seems to be a free moment. It is indeed ironic that the so-called time saving devices actually take up more of our time. We are reluctant to turn everything off and take a moment with ourselves.

Mankind is unlikely to lead a more leisurely life in the foreseeable future because science and technology wo n?t ease our burden too much. Though touted as energy-saving, touch-button devices, most of inventions only open up the possibility of performing certain tasks simultaneously. Before the advent of cell phone, people wouldn?t think of calling others while w alking. Thus, they didn?t have to endure the annoyance of answering the phone in the middle of something. It seems that technology makes our lives more efficient but not necessarily more leisurely: far from it actually. The moment we push the …print? key, we don?t lean back and relax but turn our attention to something else.

Then, an optimist would laugh at the above assertion. Can?t we just relax and call it a day? We are in control of our own schedule. We don?t need to do extra work if we don?t want do. But it is no so. Contrary to common belief, a large portion of what we do is not determined by ourselves. At work, we are told what to do; at home we are influenced by family members. In short, we are influenced by peer pressure and social expectation. Even if one is strong-minded enough to turn off everything, he usually can?t afford to do so because of competition. Very few can remain indifferent to what is embraced by all and what is expected of them. Besides, new technology can be very alluring. It brings about conveniences and even wonders. Once hooked, few can resist the urge to use it to the full.

Fortunately or unfortunately, mankind is always pushing for something better. Tantalizing successes always loom ahead. Having tasted the wonders of technology, we can not do without them. Hence we become increasingly busy.

现代科技为人们节省了大量的时间，但是人们却比过去更加繁忙了。你是否同意这样的说法？

大部分人像我一样，成天忙个不停。好像就没有闲下来的时候。那些所谓的节省时间的装置，事实上占用了我们更多的时间，这的确很有讽刺意味。人们总是不愿意把所有这些省时玩意儿关了，自己享受一下片刻的闲暇。

在可预见的将来，人们不可能过上悠闲的生活，因为将来的科技不会给我们减轻多少负担的。尽管有这么多的所谓节省时间，只要按一下按钮就行的玩意儿存在，但是大部分这些东西只是使得我们能够同时一心多用而已。在手机发明之前，人们不会想到要边走路边打电话。所以也不会出现在干着什么别的事情的时候，还必须讲电话的情况出现。看来，科技是我们的生活更高效了，但未必是更悠闲了。事实上，远谈不上悠闲。我们按下打印键之后，我们不是靠在椅子上休息，而是又要把注意力投到别的事情上去了。

那么，一个乐天派就会对本文题目的观点嗤之以鼻了。我们为什么不可以坐下来放松放松，停止工作呢？我们可以自己控制自己的安排。如果我们不想加班，我们可以不加。但是，实际情况不是这样的。和普遍存在的观点不同，其实人们所作的事情，在大部分情况下都不是自己能决定的。在工作的时候，上司安排我们的工作。在家里，我们的行为受到家庭其他成员的影响。总之，我们受到同伴的压力，受到社会期望的压力。即使一个意志力很强的人也不可能完全与社会切断联系，因为激烈的竞争不允许他这样做。很少有人能够对大家都接受的东西，或者对别人的期望无动于衷。而且，新科技的东西总是很吸引人的。它们带来了便利，甚至是奇迹。一旦喜欢上，很少有人能够不把这些高科技的东西大加利用。

人们总是在追求更好的东西，这不知是人类的幸运呢，还是不幸。总有成功的影子不断的在前方不远处诱惑着人类。品尝了科技的滋味后，我们已经离不开它们了。所以，我们变得越来越忙了。

第二节观点类雅思作文高分写作思路

范例：

雅思写作常用话题

雅思写作常见话题 一．学生生活 1、大学生交学费：一些人认为大学生应该支付他们的学费，另外一些人认为政府应该支付 学费，你的观点是什么？ 2、考试：一些人认为考试对学生有负面的影响，一些人认为考试对教育有正面的作用，讨 论双方的观点并且给出你的见解。 3、出国留学：最近几年，许多年轻人决定出国留学，你认为出国留学利大于弊吗？ 4、大学生找不到工作：目前大学毕业生难就业，分析个人和社会的原因，并提出解决方法。 5、大学宿舍与校外公寓：大部分大学都有很多居住方式供学生选择，他们可以选择大学宿 舍或校外公寓，讨论两种不同发做法并且给出你的见解。 6、学术课程和实用技能：人们常说，学校学科的定位过于学术化，而孩子们如果能学习到 有关家政管理、工作及人际关系技巧等方面的实际知识会对他们更有用，你是否同意此观点？ 7、学生评价老师：一些人认为，为了提高教学质量，应该鼓励学生对老师进行评价和批评。 其他人则认为这将导致课堂上对老师的尊重和良好纪律的缺失。讨论双方的观点并且给出你的见解。 8、自学和跟老师学：一些人认为，没有老师，他们凭自己会学得更好，其他人认为有老师 的指导总是有利的。你的观点是什么？ 9、学生兼职工作：许多国家的学生会在课余时间做许多不同的兼职。一些人认为这是错误 的，但是其他人相信这样的工作将能够拓展学生的知识并且增加他们的责任感。你的观点是什么？ 10、不同的朋友和相似的朋友：有些人喜欢与自己性格不同的人交朋友，有些人喜欢和 自己性格相似的人交朋友，你喜欢和哪种类型的人交朋友呢？请说出理由。 二、家庭生活 1、照看老年人：有人认为老年人应该被在家中赡养，另外有些人认为他们应该被送到养老院，你的观点是什么？ 2、孩子缺少父母关注：有些人认为现在的孩子不像以前的孩子那样能得到父母很多的关注。在多大程度上你同意或反对此观点？ 3、家庭成员关系不亲密：人们现在普遍承认家庭成员的关系不像过去那样亲密了，请给出可能的原因并提出你的建议。 4、父母和学校：有些人认为父母应该教育孩子如何成为好的社会成员。然而另外一些人认为学校应该做这件事情。讨论两种见解并给出你的观点。 5、孩子早送幼儿园：现如今孩子们很早就被送到幼儿园，这样母亲们就可以回到她们的工作中去，而且孩子们也可以从小适应社会。你是否同意这样的观点？ 6、体罚孩子：很长时间以来，体罚孩子是家庭中的一个惯例。但最近几年，人们对这一做法的观念发生了巨大的变化。现在有很多人强烈地反对这一观点。你的观点是什么？ 三、现代科技 1、科技影响人们之间的交流：现在，因为科技，人们相互交流的方式已经发生了改变。科技怎样改变了人们相互交流的方式？这是一个正面的还是负面的发展？ 2、计算机对孩子的影响：电脑并没有帮助孩子更有效地学习。另外，电脑的使用对青少年的身体和心理健康都有着负面作用。在多大程度上你同意或反对此观点呢？ 3、太空研究：大量的钱花在太空研究上。一些人认为这些钱花得不应该。你是否同意？ 4、私家车：你认为日益增多的私家车有哪些益处和弊端？ 5、互联网：你认为互联网利大于弊吗？

雅思写作方法之段落发展列举法

英语组织文章结构的三大原则是时间、空间和逻辑。时间原则指按事情发展的基本顺序来安排内容；空间原则是从视觉效果出发，按照事物、事情存在、发生和发展的空间顺序来安排内容；而逻辑原则是按照事物发展过程中的逻辑关系——从一般到个别、个别到一般、比较与对比、因与果、分类、问题与解决等来安排内容我。每一种逻辑关系又可以用不同的方式来进行组织。本文重点讨论“一般到个别”中“列举”的方式。 一般到个别（general-to-specific）也称为抽象到具体(abstract-to-concrete)的结构，是典型的西方文章结构，很多西方学者认为这是有别于东方螺旋型思维（spiraling）的直线型思维。按照这种结构组织的段落一般先就题目提出具有一般意义的论点（topic sentence），然后再以详细的阐述、分析或事例等论据来支持此观点。论据的组织方式又可分为列举（listing）和举例（exemplification）.这种组织方式既适用于一篇文章，也适用于一个段落。如： Color-blind people have problems that people who perceive color never think about. Perhaps the greatest handicap of color-blind person is evident when they select occupations. For example, they cannot work as interior decorators, commercial photographers, painters, a irline pilots, or railroad engineers. The second problem is with traffic signs and signals. Those that are red-green colorblind have trouble seeing stop signs found on shady streets be cause they may not notice them against the leaves. In addition, they have trouble identifyin g signal lights and must memorize the position of the light to know which signal is being gi ven. And perhaps less of a problem is that of dressing. Those who are fashion-conscious avoi d brightly colored wardrobe so that they will not wear clashing colors. 这一段中采用列举加举例的方式。首句提出论点，主旨（the controlling idea）是“problems”,后面用三个方面来阐述，从the greatest handicap,到the second problem最后到less of a problem,三方面分别是occupation、traffic signs and signals和dressing.这三个方面之间也是按照从大到小，从最常见的到最少见的，而对于每一方面的支持和论证，作者又分别采用了举例和列举方式（for exampl e; in addition等）。 一般到个别的基本框架是： Topic sentence (main idea) Explanation/detail 1 Explanation/detail 2 Explanation/detail 3 1、2、3 之间又按照: The most general------the least general The most common------the least common The most popular------the least popular 对于在课堂教学中的使用，教师可以做具体的演示。如讨论是什么因素导致了交通堵塞。课上b rainstorming后得到以下论据：

作文范文之雅思大作文模板

雅思大作文模板 【篇一：雅思范文：考官9分雅思大作文模板】 雅思范文：考官9分雅思大作文模板 编者按：这是一篇新鲜出炉的考官simon9分雅思大作文。以小编 几十篇simon作文的阅读量，大致总结了他最为习惯的行文结构，通过对这个考官所喜欢的9分“模板”的解读，希望大家能在自己的 雅思写作备考中，对写作模板的使用能有一个新的认识。 ielts writing task 2: positive or negative essay heres my full essay for the positive or negative development question that weve been looking at over the last few weeks. in some countries, many more people are choosing to live alone nowadays than in the past. do you think this is a positive or negative development? 9分范文： in recent years it has become far more normal for people to live alone, particularly in large cities in the developed world. in my opinion, this trend is having both positive and negative consequences in equal measure. the rise in one-person households can be seen as positive for both personal and broader economic reasons. on an individual level, people who choose to live alone may become more independent and self-reliant than those who live with family members. a young adult who lives alone, for example, will need to learn to cook, clean, pay bills and manage his or her budget, all of which are valuable life skills. from an economic perspective, the trend towards living alone will result in greater demand for housing. this is likely to benefit the construction industry, estate agents and a whole host of other companies that rely on homeowners to buy their products or services. however, the personal and economic arguments given above can be considered from the opposite angle. firstly, rather than the positive feeling of increased independence, people who live alone may experience feelings of loneliness, isolation and worry. they miss out on the emotional support and daily conversation that family or flatmates can provide, and they must bear the weight of all household bills and responsibilities. secondly, from the financial point of view, a rise in demand for

(完整版)雅思作文模板经典

同意与否文体 There is no denying that the specific issue of sth./ 或接whether 从句has become controversial. However, in spite of those who are against/ for …, I approve wholeheartedly of/ 或I strongly object to the idea that … Those who hold negative/ positive attitude towards … believe that … may exert adverse/ significant effect on us. … is always top of the list of their argument. For example,…(请用举例子的方法解释). Besides, those critics/ advocates also claim that …（此处写第二个原因）for the reason that …. It is often the case that …(此处总结上段反方提出的几个观点)。But when it comes to …, …, and …,(此处先总结写你所支持的几个理由)，an increasing number of people including me are convinced that .. .For one thing, …。The evidence recently presented in research journals available to the public confirms that …此处写调查结果，通过数字来证明自己所列举的理由1。Similarly,… should also deserve our special attention. In other words, …(换种说法解释)。If…not, ..(反过来在说一遍)。Last but not least, … Obviously, it is hard for both sides to come to an agreement on this complicated issue, but I still commit to the notion that …(再重申你的立场)。

【16-25天】18个高频雅思写作话题思路分析与素材汇总

最近考试高频的十八个写作话题思路分析与素材汇总！只有7页，共18个话题，中英双语结合给出了关键思路和素材，给出了关键的高分词汇与表达！老是在考试时理不清思路、想不出素材的同学，看了一定会有帮助的！大家加油加油！ ----------------------------------------------我是分割线--------------------------------------------------- 一、跳槽的原因及解决办法 1、相关词汇： fierce competition heavy pressure job-hopping is looked upon to move upward quickly keep skill fresh and up to date acclimatize themselves to the rapidly changing society 2、原因： （1）社会压力大，人们的竞争意识增强，不断改变以适应社会的变化。 （2）处于个人发展的需要，寻求升职，更新知识。 （3）金钱的诱惑，不在乎在哪儿工作，做什么职业，只要挣钱多。 （4）家庭原因，spouse工作地点改变或孩子去其他地方上学。 3、解决方法： （1）要理性看待，一般来说，stability equals success。

（2）chronic job-hopper将被questioned integrity and loyalty ，not reliable。 （3）政府和mass media应该鼓励人们扎根一个地方，扎扎实实干事业，并且尽可能提高welfare，改善城市和community的环境，留住人才。 （4）公司应该提高工资待遇，给employee创造一个良好的工作环境，在保证企业利润的同时要考虑员工个人发展，增加培训，扩充员工的知识。 二、大学是否应该根据就业教授学生知识，大学的主要功能是什么 平衡写： 1、认为应该提供实际知识的： （1）大学生毕业就要找工作，因此要培养学生掌握future job的技能。 （2）有人甚至声称理论没用，不是每个大学生都要做科学家。 2、反对方： （1）It will definitely be shortsighted to…目光短浅理论知识非常重要，理论指导实践，大学的职责不仅是教会学生一门技术，更重要的是教授一种方法。 （2）不学理论只学实际知识，会使学生变成utilitarian，narrow-minded，lack of imagination，如果学生要学的只是生存的技能，那就去vocational school。 3、总结 总之，我认为大学的功能是versatile的，促进学生all-around development，培养学生具有creative mind in some special field，而不只是教授该领域的实际知识，可以通过一些part-time job来获得。 三、个人不能对环境保护做不了什么，同意不同意 This is just an excuse for the ignorance of environmental protection. 1、分析环境恶化原因是缺乏环保意识。 2、给出解决办法。 四、维持博物馆是否是浪费金钱？ 1、提出自己的观点（反对）。 政府应该spend a lot of money to enrich the collection of museums to cater for different tastes or needs of different people．有的人认为是浪费钱，我认为是很有必要的。 2、博物馆很重要（博物馆的作用）。 （1）illuminate the culture，history and arts of the world. 比如，世界上最大的British Museum provide visitors with all-round knowledge about the world culture and arts,collections in it trace the development of civilization throughout the history of mankind. Definitely a heartquake！ （2）shoulder the responsibility to preserve and carry forward a country‘s traditional culture. （3）serve as a significant mean of adolescent education,benefit both the present and future generation. 教育学生什么是美，purify their heart，也可以作为第二课堂，提供教学参考

雅思写作典型段落背诵

环境问题-- cause We can blame some environmental damage on ignorance or poverty, but most damage has nothing to do with either. A major cause of environmental problems is the fact that clean air, clean rivers, and other natural resources are public, not private, possession. In Aristotle’s words, “What is common to the greatest number gets the least amount of care.”Individually, we gain by using these resources and so, in our own interest, we keep doing so. Eventually, the resources are damaged or run out, and then society as a whole has to pay the cost. 空气污染—cause Industry is another major cause of air pollution. Burning coal, oil and wood release carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere. This is called the greenhouse effect. The result of greenhouse effect is global warming. Many scientists believe that global warming will cause worldwide flooding due to rising sea levels and serious climate change. 能源短缺 Not everyone agrees with the idea of energy shortage. Some argue that the future will be better. They say that we will know better ways to control our environment and that technology will provide us with new resources. For example, solar energy will replace coal and oil. Plastic will replace tin and other metals. In fact, this has been happening for some time. However, producing some of these new resources may contribute to the second major environmental problem—pollution. 开头-男女平等 In today’s society, it is easy to say that women have the same rights as men. Women can vote, drive a car, go to school, and have any job they choose. However, are women and men really equal? The answer to that question might surprise you. 开头-科技的负面影响 When we speak of the impact of technology on society, we always talk about the positive effects of technology. We talk about the Internet as an information resource and a communication platform, but conveniently ignore the fact that an overexposure to it leads to Internet addiction. We often discuss how technology has made our life easy but easily forget that it has made us overly dependent on it. Have you ever thought of the negative impacts of technology? 举例-健康 Consider a party person who may show good social skills, but the habit of partying late at night can disturb his sleeping pattern, which in turn can affect his physical and mental health. Now, consider a person who religiously follows his diet and exercise, but ignores attending social events and interacting with friends. This lack of social mobility can also be bad for mental health as he may feel isolated, which may lead to depression. So, we can see that to be a healthy person not only requires a healthy body and mind, but also a healthy social life. The three factors are interdependent on each other. Being social—effects

(完整版)雅思写作Task2实用模板

IELTS Writing Task2 模板 In the con temporary society, …sparked spirited debate. There is ample（充足的）evide nee suggesti ng that …,which means that … Furthermore （此外）, it is manifest （明白的、明显的）that … By contrast, some others may claim that …Admittedly, … . As far as I am concerned, this view may be based on the consideration that … . Nevertheless （然而）, To sum up, due to the above-mentioned reasons, we may safely reach the conclusion that …. 雅思task2 模板首句： 1. The debate these days draws our attention about whether 2. It goes without saying that 不言而喻 3. There is no avoiding the fact that 4. There has been a long-term dispute over whether 长期争议 5. have found their popularity and acceptance among citizens. 6. in my country have become the focus of public concern.

雅思写作十大常考话题和例子

雅思写作十大常考话题 1．学生生活 例: University graduates receive higher salaries than those who have a lower education. Therefore, some people say such students should pay for all their tuition fees. To what extent do you agree or disagree 2．家庭生活 例：Modern lifestyles mean that many parents have little time for their children. Many children do not get as much attention from their parents as children did in the past. To what extent do you agree or disagree 3．现代科技 例: Computers do not help children to learn more effectively. On the contrary, their usage has a negative effect on both the physical and mental development of young people. To what extent do you agree or disagree 4．媒体 例：Advertisements are getting their way into people’s lives. Discuss the effects of advertisements on people. Should all ads be banned 广告充斥人们的日常工作和生活。讨论广告对人们的影响。广告该不该禁止。 5．传统与发展 例：In the course of urban development, we often find ourselves confronted with the old building problem. Some people think we should pull down the old houses and buildings in the way; however, others argue that it is a very rash decision to tear them down without full consideration. What’s your opinion 6．动物 例：Should experiments be conducted on animals for the benefit of human beings 7．平等 例：In some countries, sports and entertainment personalities earn higher salaries than professionals like doctors, nurses and teachers. Why do you think this happens in some societies and do you consider it is good or bad 8．环境、资源、交通 例:The only way to improve the safety on the roads is to give much stricter punishments for driving offences. To what extent do you agree or disagree 9．政府话题 例: Some people say the government should not put money in the Arts, such as music, opera and paintings, but instead should spend more money on construction of public facilities. Do you agree or disagree 10．其它话题 例: Should criminals be sent to prison or should they do something else as a punishment Explain your opinion and give your reasons.

英语写作经典段落结构(雅思托福都适用)Five Paragraph Essay Structure

Five Paragraph Essay Structure The five-paragraph essay is the commonest and most basic form of academic essay used in English and American high schools. Below you will find a map of the essay structure, and we will be using this structure in all of our argumentative and persuasive essays. Introduction (3-4 sentences) 1.Hook – Attracts the readers attention and introduces the main idea 2.Bridge – Develops the topic enough to explain the thesis statement 3.Thesis Statement – Introduces the topic and controlling ideas of the essay Main body Paragraph 1 (5 sentences) 1.Topic sentence – Introduces the topic and controlling idea for this paragraph (this controlling idea should be linked to the thesis statement) 2.Development – The topic should be expanded and more information introduced (5W1H) 3.Evidence – An example/fact should be used to prove your opinion 4.Development – Further develop the fact and show how it proves your point 5.Concluding sentence – Pulls together and summarises main point from topic sentence and paragraph Main body Paragraph 2 (5 sentences) 1.Topic sentence – Introduces the topic and controlling idea for this paragraph (this controlling idea should be linked to the thesis statement) 2.Development – The topic should be expanded and more information introduced (5W1H) 3.Evidence – An example/fact should be used to prove your opinion 4.Development – Further develop the fact and show how it proves your point 5.Concluding sentence – Pulls together and summarises main point from topic sentence and paragraph Counter Argument (4-5 sentences) 1.Counter argument –Introduces opposition’s strongest argument 2.Refutation – Explain why that argument is not valid or appropriate 3.Example – Use an example to support your refutation 4.Development (optional) - Further develop the fact and show how it proves your point 5.Concluding sentence - Pulls together and summarises main point from refutation Conclusion 1.Restate thesis – Restate the main topic and controlling idea from the thesis statement (paraphrased) 2.Summary – Summarise the main points from the article to support your opinion 3.Conclusion – Create a new idea/thinking point based on the points raised in the article

雅思大作文必备高分模板report型写作

雅思大作文必备高分模板--report型写作 本文为大家整理了一篇关于Report类型的雅思写作高分必备模板。Report类型的写作是雅思写作中最常见的一种，所以准备一个这个类型的写作模板还是非常有必要的。下面的模板供大家参考。 首段: (引子) 第一句：描述背景(引子) it is indisputable fact that … 替换句型：it is an undeniable fact that … it is an irrefutable fact that 第二句：(可有可无) the serious consequences of are often felt in our life . 第三句：承上启下：In this essay , I intend to explore the sources of this problemalong with some possible solution to it . 替换句型： In the following essay , I aim to identify the sources of thisproblem as well as some viable solution to it . 第二段：分析原因 第一句：Chief among the causes of this problem is …. 替换句型： 第二句：In the past , … 第三句：Consequently , … 第四句：Another major contributing factor is that …

第三段：提供解决方案 第一句： In order to address its root causes. Perhaps the most effective methodof doing this would be for people to do sth. 第二句：Since …, 第三句：one further measure would be to … 替换句型：one further method of …would be for people to do 第四段：总结 第一句： In conclusion , I believe that this is clearly a problem of suchcomplexity that no solution is likely in the short term . 替换句型： In reality , this problem is unlikely to be resolved in the shortterm. 第二句： However , I believe that the measures outlined above would constitutea good first step . However , it is by no means insurmountable , and I am convinced that … 替换句型： however , I believe that the hard way is sometimes that the best way. 以上就是Report类型的雅思写作高分必备模板的全部内容，十分的细节化，几乎每一句怎样写，都有所提及。但是大家在参考的时候一定要注意，要在其中加入属于自己的特色的东西，这样才能在考试中正常应用。最后，新东方网雅思频道预祝大家在雅思考试中取得好成绩!

雅思大作文模板的漂亮结尾

剑盟雅思预备学院官网：https://www.sodocs.net/doc/7318352925.html,/ 雅思大作文模板的漂亮结尾 雅思大作文模板的漂亮结尾!一个好的结尾自然也会为作文带来很高的分数，因此同学们在复习的过程中，不要仅仅侧重于一个漂亮的开头，也要适当的来关注我们作文的结尾，这样才能够让我们的大作文拿到高分! 1. “烂招”解救烤鸭于危难 在巨大的时间压力下，很可能你没有来得及写末段，请记住这个“烂招”：写下In conclusion, I personally believe that ……, 在省略号部分抄上原题的观点。比如最近有一道考题：Some people think that economic progress is the most important way to measure a country's success. Other people think other factors are also important. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 在剩下最后一分钟时写下：In conclusion, personally, I believe that economic progress is not the most important way to measure a country’s success, and other facts must be taken into consideration. 这个末段给人一种强烈的“扣题”感，理由很明显，紧紧地扣住题目啦! 2. 高招体现缜密思维 “烂招”其实在某种程度上不赖。但是对于追求真正写作能力的同学，想要写出“圆满示“回响”。这个词是我们接下来讨论的关键。首先，我们必须区分“repeat”和“echo””的末段，那就要明白一个基本道理：有始才有终，善始才能善终!映射到雅思作文上，这句话的意思是：写好了首段和主体段，才能够写出“圆满”的末段。下面给各位烤鸭仔细分析一下末段与首段之间的关系，末段与主体段之间的关系。 首先需要给大家介绍一个词汇——回响，英文对应为echo，名词表示“回声”，动词表。Echo表示意义一致，但是使用不同的说法让读者能够想起前面陈述过的内容，而低级repeat指的是copy，高级repeat指的是paraphrase。 圆满的末段做到“首尾呼应” 末段回响首段立场 (The concluding paragraph echoes the thesis statement in the opening paragraph)