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非谓语(分词作半伴随状语)

非谓语

1.定义：非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句

子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语，即动词的非谓语形式。

2.形式：主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），

3.功能：非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。非谓语动词与

谓语动词是相对的概念。

7.非谓语动词的复合结构

（1）动名词（V-ing）的复合结构: 在V-ing前加上它的逻辑主语，

形式：名词所有格∕形容词性的物主代词+V-ing ，简而言之，

sb’s∕sth’s+ V-ing, 如果动名词的复合结构作宾语时，可以用名词的普格

或代词的宾格做逻辑主语.

eg. His not coming to my party made me a little anxious.

I remember him goin g∕his going ∕Tom going∕Tom’s going there.

（2）不定式的复合结构为：for sb.∕sth. + 不定式

eg. It is a must for us to have a good command of English.

8.非谓语的否定：直接在非谓语之前加否定词not。eg. I warned him not to be late again.

板块一：不定式、分词作状语的用法

一．不定式、分词作状语的基本原则：不定式、分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一

致。

二．不定式做状语（目的，结果，原因状语等）

1. 目的状语

常用in order t o∕so as to (不用于句首)

Mary took down my telephone number in order not to forget it

2. 结果状语

常用于so…as to, such…as to, enough…to, only to(常表示以外的结果或

事与原违的结果)，too…to等

eg. I am not so stupid as to write it down.

★Jane hurried back only to find her mother dead in the hospital.

I am too tired to stay up longer.

3. 原因状语

形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面常接不定式作状语，表原因，常见的有：happy，

lucky，glad，sorry, proud, surprised, disappointed, delighted, ready,

fortunate 等。

eg: I am very glad to see you.

三．分词做状语

主动被动

一般式

doing being done

（谓语动词同时发生）

完成式

having done having been done

（谓语动词发生之前）

done 表被动，完成，没有一定的时间性

eg. Seeing from the window, we know there is a match.

Seen from the top of the mountain, the house is small.

Having heard of the news, he ran to his home quickly.

Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.

四．分词做状语的句法功能

分词或分词短语做状语时，可以表示时间，原因，结果，条件，让步，伴随等，为了强调，还可以与while，when，once，if，unless等连词使用

1.When offered help, one often says” Thank you. ” or “It’s very kind of you.”(时间)

2.Be careful while crossing the street. （时间)

3.Separated from other continent for millions of years, Australia has many plants and

animals not found in any other country in the world. (原因)

4.Generally speaking, when taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.

(条件)

5.He glanced at her, noting that though she was tiny, she seemed very well. (结果)

6.Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake. (让步)

7.The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. (伴随)

五．独立成分做状语

有些分词或不定式作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。

常见的有：generally speaking 一般来说，frankly speaking 坦白讲，judging fro m∕by 根据…来判断，considering∕take…into consideration 考虑到…， to tell you the truth 说实话，compared with 与…相比

eg. Judging from his accent, he is from the south.

Considering your health, you had better have a rest.

练习 1. ____, the pay isn’t attractive, though the job itself is quite interesting.

A. Generally speaking

B. On the contrary

C. In particular

D. To be honest

2. ____, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.

A. General speaking

B. Speaking general

C. Generally speaking

D. Speaking generally

六．独立主格结构

非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和主句的主语保持一致，如果非谓语的

逻辑主语不是主句的主语，我们就要添上相应的逻辑主语，在句子中做状语，我

们称之为独立主格结构。

（一）独立主格结构的特点：1. 独立主格的逻辑主语和主句不同，且独立存在。

2. 独立主格结构中的逻辑主语与后面的分词不定

式等构成逻辑上的主动与被动关系。

3. 独立主格结构用逗号与主句隔开。、

（二）独立主格结构的构成

1.逻辑主语（名词∕代词）+ 现在分词∕过去分词∕形容词∕副词∕不定式

2.with + 逻辑主语+ 宾补（doing，to do, done, 介词短语等）

eg. The test finished( When the test was finished), we began our holiday.

The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.

Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.

He came out of the library, with a large book under his arm.

练习 1. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _______ at the end of last March.

A. has been launched B having been launch

C. being launched

D. to be launched

2. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons

________ for the day.

A. finishing

B. finished

C. had finished

D. were finished

现在分词作状语及习题

现在分词作状语一、现在分词具有形容词和副词特征，用作副词时，充当时间、条件、原因、伴随、结果、方式以及让步状语。 1. 作时间状语，可改为时间状语从句，分词前可加while或when等连词。 When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. =When we compare different cultures… (06全国) 2. 作条件状语，可改为条件状语从句，分词前可加once, until, if等连词。 Turning to the right, you will find the path leading to the park. =If you turn to the left … 3. 作原因状语，可改为原因状语从句。 Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time passing the exam. =Because/ As he had been ill in bed… (04福建) 4. 作结果状语，可改为which引导非限制性定语从句，分词前可加thus，加强语气。 Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, reaching a record $57.65 a barrel on April. =…, which reach a record $57.65 a barrel on April. (05山东) 5. 作让步状语，可改为让步状语从句，分词前可加although, though, even if, even though等连接词。 Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university. = Though his parents lack money, they … (02上海) 6. 作伴随状语，相当于and连接并列谓语。 About one-six undergraduates in Beijing this year are willing to spend as much as 2,6oo Yuan on driving courses, seeing it as an investment in their future. = …, and see it as an investment in their future. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, running away =…and ran away (05全国) 7. 作方式状语。Jack came here, running. 二、现在分词的时态以及否定形式分词的动作与谓语同时发生用一般式，可转化为on+动名词或when/while引导的时间状语从句，从句根据语境用一般过去时或过去进行时；分词动作先于谓语动词用完成式，可转化为after+动名词的一般式或after /when引导的时间状语从句，从句中用完成式；现在分词的否定式：not+分词构成。 Hearing his father’s voice, the boy turned off the TV set at once. = On hearing his father’s voice…或When the boy heard father’s voice, he… Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. （04北京） =After waiting in the queue…或When Tom had waited in the queue for half an hour, he… 三、现在分词的逻辑主语及独立结构分词作状语，逻辑主语与句子主语一致；如不一致时，分词带上自己的逻辑主语，形成独立主格结构。误：While watching television, the doorbell rang. (05全国) 正：While watching television, we heard the doorbell ring. (05全国) 误：Being sunny, we went on a spring outing. 正：It being sunny, we went on a spring outing. 四、掌握以下区别 1. 首动词的用法区别

非谓语动词作状语的用法

分考点 1 不定式作状语 Point 1 做目的状语，意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。 To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard. 为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。 Mike had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of the music. 麦克不得不大声说话，以便能在如此大的音乐下被别人听见。【特别注意】也可用in order to 或so as to 表示目的，但so as to 不能用于句首。 The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 公交车停下来以便搭载乘客。 He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起是为了赶上第一版公交车。 Point 2 作结果状语。常表示令人意外的结果。 Only/just to do 表示意想不到的结果 Enough to do 足够做... Too...to do 太...而不能..... So/such... as to...如此...以至于.... I went to see him last night only/ just to find him out. 我昨晚去找他。结果发现他出去了。（表示出乎意料的结果） Mary is too tired to do the job. 玛丽太累了，做不了这项工作。 He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学的年龄了。 Point 3 作原因状语。常用在表示情感或态度的sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad,happy 等形容词后，常用结构为“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”。 Tom was very happy to see his mother. 汤姆看到她的妈妈很高兴。 I was surprised to find him here. 发现他在这里我很开心。【特别注意】easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good 等形容词表示主语的特征或性质，后面接不定式作状语时，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主语形式表示被动意义。 English is easy to learn. 英语学起来很容易。 The book is very hard to understand. 这本书很难理解。分考点 2 分词作状语形式意义 Doing 主动，进行 Having doing 主动，完成 Done 被动，完成；用作形容词，表状态 Being done 被动，进行，意为“正在被做”

现在分词作状语详解

教学目标：讲解现在分词作状语及区分不定式、现在分词作状语的异同重点难点： 1.现在分词和不定式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。 2.分词作状语时，要看它同句子主语之间的关系，以确定是现在分词还是过去分词。 3.注意非谓语动词与句子谓语动词的时间关系，以确定分词的时态形式 4、弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系，以确定非谓语动词的语态形式. 5. 连词+分词形式（分词作状语的省略问题） 6.不定式作结果状语和现在分词作结果状语的区别。 7. 现在分词的独立主格结构和评价性状语 Step 1 lead in 朗读下面一首唐诗，找出其中的现在分词形式 Thinking in the Silent Night 静夜思 Before my bed there is bright moonlight 床前明月光 So that it seems that frost on the ground. 疑是地上霜 Lifting my head, I watch the bright moonlight. 举头望明月 Lowering my head, I dream tha t I’m home. 低头思故乡 Step2 现在分词作状语的意义动词的现在分词作状语，修饰动词，相当于状语从句，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况及独立成分等，作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。一. -ing分词短语作时间状语，代替一个时间状语从句(引导词有when ,while ) 温馨提示： 1．现在分词所表示的动作与主句的动作一般是同时发生，有时可由连词when, while引出。 2．现在分词所表示的动作一发生，主句的动作就立即发生时。如： When she saw those pictures，she remembered her childhood. =Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。 As soon as he heard the good news, he jumped with joy. =（0n）Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy. 他一听到这个好消息，就高兴地跳起来。二．-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。(引导词有because ,as ,since) 如：As he was ill, he didn't go to school yesterday =Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没有上学。三．-ing分词也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。(引导词有if,unless,once) If you work hard, you will succeed. =Working hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。 If you turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the school.

非谓语动词作状语全解讲解

非谓语动词作状语全解不定式和分词作状语的用法一、不定式作状语可以作: 1. 主要用作目的状语。常与 in order to do (为了或 so as to do(以便连用。 so as to 不用于居首。 He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起为了赶上第一班车。 He sat down to have a rest.他坐下来休息。 He went to France to learn French。他去法国学习法语。 They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。 They stopped to ask the way. 他们停下来问路。 (停下来的目的 2.作结果状语。表示出乎意料的结果。做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:to find, to hear, to see, to be told, to form, to give, to make, to produce 等。 He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. 他匆匆忙忙地赶到火车站,发现火车已经开走了。 He woke up to find everybody gone. 他醒来发现大家都走了。 His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活。 The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf. 这男孩个子不够高, 手伸不到书架。 He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学年龄了。 He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。

高二英语非谓语动词作状语练习题及答案

非谓语动词作状语练习 1. Though ____ of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice. A. warning B. to warn C. warn D. warned 2. ____ from this point of view，the question will be of great importance. A. Considering B. Considered C. Being considered D. Consider 3. ____ and ____，they ran out of the room. A. Being excited；happily B. Exciting；happy C. Exciting；happily D. Excited；happy 4. ____ deep down in the earth，the dead forests rotted away and became coal. [ A. Buried B. Burying C. To bury D. Being buried 5. If ____ green，the door might look more beautiful. A. paint B. painted C. painting D. to paint 6. Eva，____ in Canada，lived and practiced law in America. A. was born B. he was born C. although born D. being born 7. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction，____ completely to the outside world. A. being lost B. having lost C. losing D. lost 8. Everything ____，it wasn’t a bad holiday. A. considering B. considered C. to consider D. consider 9. ____ with a difficult situation，Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. 《 A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing 10. When first ____ to the market，these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 11. ____，the old man is living a happy life. A. Taking good care B. Taken good care C. Having taken good care D. Taken good care of 12. He was sitting there，____ in deep thought. A. lose B. lost C. loss D. losing 13. We are certain that everything will go well as ________________ (像计划一样). (plan) ！ 14. _________________ (竣工时)，the museum will be open to the public next year. (complete) 15. ______________________ (更关注的话), the trees could have grown better. (attention) (到达火车站),we had a break, only ___________ (却发现) the train had left. (arrive; discover) (看着)these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Being and ______ (看) from the top of a thirty-storied building, Beijing looks more beautiful. (see; see) (昂着) his head high, the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting _____________ (举行) soon. (hold; hold) 19. Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing ______ (留下)to her, only ______ (留下) her five children. (画) maps properly, you need a special pen. (draw)

现在分词短语作伴随状语

其实分词做伴随状语就是分词做方式状语的一种，伴随是一种方式。大多情况下其实方式状语从句都等于伴随状语从句。只有在just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体分词短语作伴随状语伴随状语的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的 1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。 1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。比如 The teacher came in the classroom with handing a book in his hand. with handing就是个例子过去分词，现在分词都可以做伴随状语,即在某件事情发生的时候相伴发生的事情这个句子老师进入了教室，他是拿着本书进入教室的，在他进入教室的时候他的手中有一本书（相伴）知道意思了吧。做题的时候要注意区分什么时候使用过去分词和什么时候使用现在分词做伴随状语。一般的无非又几种情况： 1，过去分词表示一种完成了的或者是被动意义的动作分词作状语（关键找逻辑主语） a)放在句首的分词往往看作时间状语1以及原因状语2 1. Looking (when I looked) at the picture, I couldn't help missing my middle school days. 2.Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. =As he was seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital. b)放在句中或句末常常看作为伴随状态(并列句) The girl was left alone in the room，weeping（crying ）bitterly. (但注意特殊：Generally/frankly speaking... / taken as a whole(总的来讲）不考虑逻辑主语，看作为独立成分)

非谓语动词作状语的用法

分考点1不定式作状语 Poi nt 1做目的状语，意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。 To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard. 为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。 Mike had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of the music. 麦克不得不大声说话，以便能在如此大的音乐下被别人听见。【特别注意】也可用in order to或so as to表示目的，但so as to不能用于句首。 The bus stopped so as to pick up passe ngers. 公交车停下来以便搭载乘客。 He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起是为了赶上第一版公交车。 Point 2作结果状语。常表示令人意外的结果。 Only/just to do 表示意想不到的结果 Enough to do 足够做... Too...to do太…而不能..... So/such... as to...如此...以至于.... I went to see him last ni ght only/ just to find him out. 我昨晚去找他。结果发现他出去了。（表示出乎意料的结果） Mary is too tired to do the job. 玛丽太累了，做不了这项工作。 He is old eno ugh to go to school. 他到上学的年龄了。 Poi nt 3作原因状语。常用在表示情感或态度的sorry, surprised, disappo in ted, excited, glad,happy等形容词后，常用结构为"主语+系动词+形容词+to do ”。 Tom was very happy to see his mother. 汤姆看到她的妈妈很高兴。 I was surprised to find him here. 发现他在这里我很开心。【特另U注意】easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expe nsive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good 等形容词表示主语的特征或性质，后面接不定式作状语时，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主语形式表示被动意义。 En glish is easy to learn.英语学起来很容易。 The book is very hard to un dersta nd. 这本书很难理解。

非谓语作状语的区别

（1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。 1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。 He went out shutting the door behind him. 他出去后将门随手关上。 Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。 2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。 Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。 Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。（2）动词不定式和分词作状语的区别 1）分词作状语一般表示伴随，而不定式常常表示目的。 They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。（伴随） They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。（目的） 2）分词作状语放在句子开头，除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的以外，还表示结果或原因。 Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch.由于在专心读书，他忘了吃午饭的时间。（原因） Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before.他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。（时间） Reading carefully，you'll learn something new.只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。（条件） His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷，不能维持他的生活。（结果）

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现在分词和过去分词做伴随状语的句式Oct 11, 2020 “Sb do, doing / done.” 说明: 该句式，逗号之前是主句，逗号之后是现在分词和过去分词做伴随状语。也就是，分词的动作和主句谓语的动作同时发生。现在分词doing 和主句的主语，在逻辑上是主动关系。过去分词done 和主句主语，在逻辑上是被动关系。例如： 1.The bell rang, announcing the end of the class. 铃声响了，宣布课堂结束。 2.He lay still, catching his breath. 他静静地躺着，呼吸困难。 3.Father sat in the chair, watching TV. 爸爸坐在椅子上，看电视。 4.Mother was in the kitchen, cooking for the whole family. 妈妈在厨房，为全家人做饭。 (说明：1-4句，是现在分词做伴随状语。) 5.The teacher came into the classroom , followed by his students. 老师进来了，同学们跟在身后。 6.The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students. 老师站在那里，被同学们包围着。 7.Richard Jones returned home, exhausted. 他回到家，精疲力尽。 8.I watched the moving model of the machine, absorbed by its efficiency. 我观察着这台运行的机器，被它的高效率吸引住了。 (说明：5-8句，是过去分词做伴随状语。）

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