高考英语语法知识点专题复习—冠词

高考英语语法知识点专题复习—冠词

冠词---基础篇

考查重点：

冠词的考查重点包括不定冠词a和an的用法，定冠词the的用法和零冠词的用法等。

一. a和an的区别:

不定冠词有a和an两种形式，a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前：

例如：a boy, a university, a European country; an hour, an honor, an island, an elephant, an umbrella, an honest man, a useful book

不看字母看读音, 不见原因(元音)别施恩(n)

二. 不定冠词的用法：

1. 泛指某一类人、事或物；相当于any，这是不定冠词a/an的基本用法：

A horse is an animal.

2. 泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物：

A girl is waiting for you.

3. 表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈：

I have a computer.

4. 表示“每一”，相当于every：

I go to school five days a week. 我一周上五天课。

5. 用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”：

I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one.

6. 用在某些固定词组中：

a lot(of), after a while, a few, a little, at a time, have a swim, have a cold, in a hurry, for a long time, have a good time, have a look

三. 定冠词的用法:

1. 特指某(些)人或某(些)物，这是定冠词的基本用法：

The book on the desk is mine.

2. 指谈话双方都知道的人或事物：

Open the window, please.

3. 指上文已经提到的人或事物：

I have a car. The car is red.

4. 指世界上独一无二的事物：

Which is bigger, the sun or the earth?

5. 用在序数词，形容词最高级前：

The first lesson is the easiest one in this book.

6. 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前：

the Great Wall 长城，the United States 美国

7. 用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人：

the poor穷人, the blind盲人

8. 用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”：

the Greens 格林一家或格林夫妻俩

9. 用在方位词前：

on the left在左边，in the middle of在中间

10. 用在西方乐器名称前：

She plays the piano every day.

11. 用在表示海洋，河流，山脉，群岛及国家和党派等名词前：

the Black Sea黑海，the Yangzi River长江

12. 用在某些固定词组中：

all the same仍然；all the time一直；at the moment此刻；at the same time同时；by the way顺便说；do the shopping/washing买东西/洗衣服；in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上；in the open air 在户外，在野外

四. 零冠词的用法：

1. 棋类, 球类, 一日三餐名词前不用任何冠词：

play chess play football have supper

特例：当football，basketball指具体的某个球时，其前可以用冠词：I can see a football. 我可以看到一只足球。Where’s the football？那只足球在哪儿？(指足球，并非“球类运动”)

2. 季节, 月份, 星期, 节假日名词前不用任何冠词：

In July in summer on Monday on Teachers’ Day

3. 人名, 地名, 国家名前不加冠词：

Beijing is the capital of China.

4. 学科, 语言, 称呼, 语职务名词前不用冠词：

Math is hard to learn.

5. 复数名词表示类别时不加冠词：

They are workers. I like eating apples.

6. 名词前已有物主代词(my，your，his，her等)、指示代词(this/these，that/those)、不定代词(some，any等)及所有格限制时, 不用冠词：

my book(正)；my the book(误)

7. 在表特定的公园，街道，车站，桥，学校等之前：

No.25 Middle School

五. 用与不用冠词的差异:

in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院里

in front of在…(外部的)前面/in the front of在…(内部的)前面at table进餐/at the table在桌子旁

by sea乘船/by the sea在海边

go to school(church…) 上学(做礼拜…)

go to the school(church…) 到学校(教堂…)去

two of us我们当中的两人/the two of us 我们两人(共计两人) next year明年/the next year 第二年

a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一个人)

a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两个人)

第四讲座：冠词---提高篇

考点一：基本用法：

1. 定冠词的基本用法：

(1) 用于特指一定的人、事物或上下文提到的人、事物。如：

I woke up with a bad headache, yet by the evening the pain had gone.

(2) 在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：

The moon turns round the earth.

Drivers always sit on the left of buses.

(3) 在单数名词前，表示某一类别或某项发明。如：The tiger is a dangerous animal.

(4) 在由普通名词构成的专有名词前及表示江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛等的名词前。如：

We are said to be living in the Information Age, a time of new discoveries and great changes.

(5) 在序数词前、形容词最高级前或用于特指“两者中较……的一个”。如：

As is known to all, the People’s Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.

(6)在方位名词前、某些习惯用语或表示时间的词组中：on the left, in the east / west,on the other hand, in the end, the other day等。

(7) 在形容词前表示一类人或事物。如：the poor / rich / young / dying / good / unknown等。

(8) 在姓氏复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇二人。如：The Smiths are sitting at the table.

(9) 在表示度量单位的名词前，表示“每一”。如：

—It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 a year.

—Right, he will also get paid by the week.

口诀记忆the的用法：

特指熟悉与复述，独一无二全用the。

方位乐器名词前，序数形最乐位惯。

复数姓氏与专有，习惯用语最后添。

2. 不定冠词的基本用法：

(1) 用在可数名词前表示“一个”，含义上相当于“one”。如：

The development of industry has been a gradual process throughout human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.

(2) 与单数可数名词连用，表示某一类人或事物；亦可泛指某一类人或事物中的“任何一个”。如：

It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.

(3) 用在抽象名词或物质名词前，表示“一种，一次，一类”等意义。如：

He had a strong dislike for cold weather.

(4) 用在序数词前，表示“再一，又一”。如：

He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get a second chance in the long jump. (5) 用在专有名词前，相当于“一位，一个，某位，某个”或“……式的人”。如：Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso.

(6) 用在某些固定词组中：all of a sudden, as a matter of fact, go out for a walk, have

a good time, make a difference, make a living, have an idea of, have a good knowledge of等。如：

I don’t understand what the engineer means, but I’ve got a rough idea of the project plan.

(7) 用在季节、月份、星期或节日的名词前，表示某个特定的季节、月份、日子或节日。如：

The accident happened on a rainy Sunday towards the end of July.

3. 零冠词的基本用法（不用冠词的情况）：

(1) 复数名词表泛指时，其前不加冠词。如：

The Smiths don’t usually like staying at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by the sea.

(2) 可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格时，其前不用冠词。如：

Jack’s English book is lying on his desk.

(3) 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词和表示人名、地名等的名词前，通常不用冠词。如：

Sarah looked at the finished painting with satisfaction.

(4) 表示季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐的名词前，以及表示体育运动项目、学科、运输或通讯方式等的名词前，通常不用冠词。如：

We’re going to watch a match on Sunday.

(5) 表示职务、头衔的名词作表语、同位语、补足语等时，其前不用冠词。如：Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take place of George.

(6) 在某些固定搭配中, 如：at dawn, on second thoughts, come to light, come to power, give birth to, out of control, in public, ahead of time, in debt, hand in hand, in place of, do harm to等。

考点二：习语、固定短语中的冠词：

1. 不定冠词用于短语搭配中。

(1) “have/take＋a(n)＋与动词同形的名词”，表示动作的一次。

have/take a rest休息一会儿

have/take a look看一下

have/take a bath洗个澡

(2) “go out for a(n)＋名词”，表示从事某项活动。

go out for an outing去郊游

go out for a picnic去野餐

(3) 习惯搭配。

as a matter of fact; in a hurry; in a word; a waste of; in a way; come to an end; all of a sudden; have a(n)...knowledge of; have a(n)...understanding/grasp /feeling of

2. 定冠词用于固定搭配。

in the morning; on the other hand; on the contrary; on the air; in the end; come to the point; the ABC of...

3. 在一些固定短语中，名词前不用冠词。

at night; at home; day after day; by telephone; in danger; on purpose; out of control; under＋n.; be home to.

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空”，指独一无二的事物用定冠词the。 答案a；the 4．(2013?江西，19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ________ thirteenth century. 解析考查冠词。第一空指独一无二的事物用the；第二空为固定短语，表示在多少世纪“in the－th century”，需加定冠词。 答案the；the 5．(2013?浙江，15)People develop ________ preference for a particular style of learning at ________ early age and these preferences affect learning. 解析考查冠词。短语a preference for...意为“对……的偏好”；at an early age 意为“在年纪很小时”，故均填不定冠词。 答案a；an 6．(2013?重庆，32)The parents were shocked by ________ news that their son needed ________ operation on his knee. 解析考查冠词。第一空news后带有that引导的同位语从句，故应该特指；第二空译为“他们的儿子需要做一个手术”，使用不定冠词。 答案the；an 7．(2012?新课标全国)Sarah looked at ________ finished painting with ________ satisfaction. 解析考查冠词的用法。句意：Sarah满意地看着那幅完工的油画。根据painting 前的修饰成分finished可知是特指那幅画；后一个空格后的satisfaction是抽象名词并且表示泛指，不用冠词。

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1. 泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。 A leaf falls much more slowly than a stone. I saw a man in the darkness, but I couldn't make out who it was. 2. 指代一类人或事物。 该用法并不表示具体的某一个人或事物的，而是表示一类人或事物，一般不译为“一”。 A doctor is a person who saves people's lives. A knife is a tool for cutting with. 3. 表示数量中的一。 意义上接近one，但数量概念比one弱，此时常译为“一”。 There is a table and four chairs in that dining room. There is going to be an English lecture this evening. 4. 表示单位量词的“每一”。 用于表示时间、速度、价格等含义的名词之前，有“每一.......”的意思。 Take three pills a day and you'll get better soon. The light blinks once a second. 5. 用于集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词前。 (1) 用于集体名词前 ②

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2021年中考英语语法专题二：冠词(含答案)

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