2020年高考英语语法专项突破训练专题11-动词的语态(含答案)

专题十一动词的语态

重难点分析

在英语中，被动语态使用得比汉语要多、要普遍，但大多数句子都使用主动语态。被动语态在英语中极为重要。高考中通常把时态和语态结合起来考查。

动词的语态有两种：主动语态(the active voice)和被动语态(the passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：

People speak English all over the world. 全世界的人都在讲英语。(the active voice)

English is spoken by people all over the world. (the passive voice)

一、动词的被动语态构成一览表(以ask为例)

常用被动语态构成常用被动语态构成

一般现在时am/is/are asked 现在完成时have/has been asked

一般过去时was/were asked 过去完成时had been asked

一般将来时will/shall be asked 过去将来时would/should be asked

现在进行时am/is/are being asked 过去将来完成时would/should have been

asked

过去进行时was/were being asked 含有情态动词can/must/may…be asked

注意事项被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后面加not；短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中的介、副词。固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动语态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动语态。如：We are not allowed to smoke. 不允许我们抽烟。/ He is often made fun of by his classmates. 他经常被他的同班同学捉弄。/ Newspaper used to be sent here at 10 a.m. 过去报纸常常是上午10点被送到的。

据说类动词，如：It is said/believed/supposed/reported that…, It is generally considered that…, It is well known that…等，及It must be admitted/pointed out that…等结构常以被动形式出现。

以下主动形式常表被动意义：The bike needs/wants/requires repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。/ The film is worth seeing. 这部电影值得看。/ The door won’t shut/open. 这门不能关/开。/ The play won’t act. 这部戏不能演。/ The clothes wash well. 这些衣服很好洗。/ The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。/ The dish tastes delicious. 这份菜尝起来很美味。/ Water feels very cold. 水摸上去很冷。

不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态(即多数的瞬间动词)：appear, die, disappear, end, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等

不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch, agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等系动词无被动语态(“keep”除外)：be, appear, become, fall, feel, get, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等

二、被动语态和系表结构的区别

1. 被动语态表示以主语为承受者的动作，而系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态。如：

The cup was broken by a boy. 这个杯子是被一个男孩打破的。(被动语态)

The cup is broken. 这杯子是破的。(系表结构)

2. 前者可有多种时态，而后者通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时。如：

My bike is being / will be / was repaired. (被动语态) 我的自行车正在被修理/将被修理/被修理过了。

He is/was interested in his work. (系表结构) 他对他的工作感兴趣。

3. 被动语态可跟by短语，表动作的执行者。如：

The dress was made by my mother. 这件衣服是我妈妈做的。

考点练透

一、单句填空用括号中所给动词或动词短语的适当形式填空。

1. When money __________(spend), we can earn it back, but when time is lost, it will never return.

2. Customers are asked to make sure that they __________(give) the right change before leaving the shop.

3. Great changes __________(take place) in the city, and a lot of factories __________(set up).

4. The police found that the house __________(break into) and a lot of things __________(steal).

5. The discussion __________(come) alive when an interesting topic was brought in.

6. The head teacher says that all the preparations for the party __________(complete) by Friday.

7. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold frost __________(expect) to arrive.

8. The careless driver is __________(blame) for the traffic accident that __________(happen) yesterday.

9. Flowers usually __________(sell) well on Valentine’s Day, so their flowers __________(sell) in no time that day.

10. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I __________(tell) the cloth __________(wash) well.

11. Leonardo da Vinci (1452—1519) __________(say) to have bought birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.

12. — Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?

— Yes, I have. I guess it __________(grade) now.

13. If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what __________(discover) in science and technology.

14. The work needs __________(complete) by 6 p.m.

15. The number of deaths from heart disease __________(reduce) greatly if people are persuaded to eat more vegetables.

16. We should get into the good habit of saving time and never leave what can __________(do) today until tomorrow.

17. I hold the belief that more measures will __________(take) to prevent loss of soil along the Yellow River.

18. In recent years, more and more highways and overpasses __________(build up) in Guangzhou.

19. Many man-made satellites __________(send up) into space so far by many countries.

20. Many more trees __________(plant) next year.

二、语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

There is no doubt that the job interview is an important part of job hunting, as the impression you create during the job interview can make the interviewer feel “with you” or “against you”. The job interview is the time to “sell” 1 by giving examples of experiences you have had related to the job and 2 revealing (展现) your good point. In order to make 3 solid impression with success, you had better keep the following two rules in mind:

One is to present yourself and your 4 (able) to do the job. However, don’t exaggerate the truth; just be honest. Second, do more listening than talking. Listen carefully and get involved in 5 the interviewer is saying. A good 6 (listen) is often a considerate person and 7 (appreciate) by everyone staying with you.

8 it is important to talk about your successful experiences, d on’t come on too strong and sound like a boaster (吹嘘者). 9 you are not sure what the job will require of you, ask questions to see whether you do feel qualified. Most interviewers will appreciate your questions 10 your ability to listen and respond.

助读词汇

interviewer n. 面试官solid adj. 可靠的

present vt. 呈现；介绍exaggerate vt. 夸大

considerate adj. 体贴的qualified adj. 合格的

appreciate vt. 欣赏job hunting 求职

related to 与……有关keep…in mind 记住……

get involved in 参与There is no doubt that… 毫无疑问……

三、佳作欣赏下面是一篇摘自全国英语高考书面表达的范文，文中有许多精彩且灵活的语言表达，其中也包含有动词或动词短语，用心体会其用法。

No doubt every grade three student wishes to be successful in the National College Entrance Examination. Yet what should we do in order to achieve success? Here are some suggestions.

First, it’s very important to have a right attitude, for a normal state of mind and self-confidence not only helps us to relax but also enables us to overcome difficulties bravely. Meanwhile, we should have a definite goal and a correct estimation of ourselves. Only in this way will we not be easily pleased or disappointed with what we have known and done. Besides, we’d better sometimes talk with our parents, teachers or classmates, who may help us out when we’re in trouble. Finally, striking a proper balance between study and rest keeps us energetic and a healthy diet is useful as well.

With these done, I think we can greatly improve our performance.

参考答案

考点练透

一、单句填空

1. is spent

2. have been given

3. have taken place; have been set up

4. had been broken into; stolen

5. came

6. will have been completed

7. is expected

8. to blame; happened

9. sell; were sold 10. have been told; washes 11. is said 12. is being graded 13. has been discovered 14. completing / to be completed 15. will be reduced 16. be done 17. be taken 18. have been built up 19. have been sent up 20. will be

planted

二、语法填空

本文作者就如何在工作面试时给别人留下可靠印象给读者提供建议。

1. yourself 缺少宾语填代词。根据句意可知，此处是指推销自己或推荐自己。故填反身代词yourself 符合上下文语境和逻辑。

2. by 根据空后的revealing和句子成分可知，此处与前面by giving examples of experiences是两个并列成分。故填by。

3. a 不定冠词的最基本用法，在此意为“一个(可靠的印象)”。

4. ability 形容词性物主代词后用名词形式。

5. what 根据句意可知此处是指，仔细听并参与到面试官所说的东西。因此填what引导宾语从句。

6. listener 作主语填代词。根据句意可知此处是指倾听者。

7. is appreciated 分子句子成分可知，appreciate在此作谓语，故考虑时态和语态。时态是一般现在时，根据空后的by可知应该用被动语态。故填is appreciated正确。

8. Although 空后是两个分句，故填连接词。再根据句意可知，此处显然应该填一个表让步的连接词，故填Although。注意首字母要大写。

9. If 根据句意可知，you are not sure what the job will require of you是个条件，故填If。注意首字母要大写。

10. and 分析句子成分可知，your questions和your ability是两个并列宾语，且中间无句号、分号等，故一定是填并列连词，关系显然是表联合。故填and。

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