海南小学英语语文专题复习 首字母填空(及答案)

海南小学英语语文专题复习首字母填空(及答案)

一、小学英语首字母填空

1．

小学英语首字母填空考点

一、首字母填空考点

首字母填空类题目，主要考察学生词汇量。在做题时，一是要根据句子意思判断所要填的词语（包括词性），部分题目需要结合生活实际、固定搭配、固定句型来分析；二是要根据语法判断所填词语的适当形式，比如所给词若是动词，要结合“四大时态”（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、正在进行时）判断动词是用三单形式、过去式、原型还是ing形式；若所给词是名词，也要分析要用单数还是复数。

二、根据首字母填空题型专练

1. We usually have a big l with our family.

2. C Day is coming. We need a turkey.

3. My mother b a lot of food every week.

4. My parents don’t w on Saturdays.

5. First, don’t talk.T , open your books.

6. It is so beautiful. It l nice.

7. Can you p this book on your fingers?

8. What do you do at C .

9. F , we all have a good time.

10. We always have a lot of f at weekends.

11. My h is swimming.

12. Sam w TV at six every night.

13. I can’t get out. I’m too f .

14. Yang Ling r English every day.

15. We often c with our friends on the Internet.

16. A comes after summer.

17. —Let’s go and have a p . Wu Tao.— Good idea!

18. In s , it’s warm. I can fly k .

19. He usually v his grandparents on Sundays.

20. Mrs Li t Chinese in our school.

21. I have three s lessons today.

22. O the door, please.

23. You should put all your things in o .

24. I like p with Kitty the cat.

25. My uncle l in China.

26. Don’t t to strangers.（陌生人）

27. —Let’s go and play football. — W a minute.

28. Let me send this e first.

29. Mike is twelve y old.

30. —What s does he like? —Maths.

31. Does your aunt always w stories at home?

32. We should a the policeman for help.

33. The clothes f me very well.

34. —What’s wrong with you? — I have a h .

35. My sister is d a picture in the study.

36. My mother is w the dishes now.

2．

arrives.

inside all day.

1. friendly

2. children

3. person

4. size

5. yours

6. things

7. in

8. clean

9. summer 10. every

3．

Water is very important to u 1 .

We must d 2 water every day.We c 3 live without water.

Water is everywhere around us. At

home, we use water to wash clothes, to wash dishes, to cook m 4 , to make drinks, to c

5 our teeth, to have a bath and so on.

A 6 work, people use water to put out fires, to g 7 vegetables, to make things in factorie s and so on. However, there isn’t m 8 water on the earth. It is very valuable(珍贵

的).We must s 9 it.If we waste too much water, one day in the future, the last drop（滴）

of w 10 on the planet will be our tears.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/7517502350.html,

2.drink

3.can’t

4. meals

5. clean

6.at

7. grow

8.much

9.save 10.water

4．

There are t_1 _ many accidents(事故) in cities. Accidents often happen when people c_2_ the roads or streets. Read the passage c_ 3 __ and learn to be careful later on. Be careful when it is r_4 __. Many accidents happen on rainy days. People are in a h____5___ because they don't want to get w_6 _. They often cross the roads quickly. Often they can't see c_7 _ because they hold their umbrellas in front of t_8_. Remember that cars take longer time to stop when the roads are w__9___. When it is raining, we must be more and more careful, not less c_10 _.

1.too

2.cross

3.carefully

4.rainy

5.hurry

6.wet

7.clearly

8.themselves

9.wet 10.careful

5．

Hank lived in a small town, but then he found a job in a big city and moved there with his wife and his two children.

On the first Saturday in their new house, Hank took his new red c 1 out the garage (车库) and began to wash it. A neighbour (邻居) stopped and said, "What a nice car! Is it yours?"

"Sometimes, " Hank answered.

The neighbour was s 2 , "Sometimes? What do you mean?" "Well, " answered Hank, "When there's a party in the town, it's my d 3 . When there's a football game somewhere, it's my son's. When I've washed it, and it l 4 nice and clean, it's my wife's. And when it needs gas (汽油), it's m 5 . "

1.car

2.surprised

3.daughter's

4.looks

5.mine

6．

When the Americans w (1) getting ready to send their f (2) men to the moon,an old Irishman w (3) watching them on television in the bar of a hotel.

There w (4) an Englishman in the bar too,and he s (5) to the Irishman,'The Americans are very clever,aren't they?They're g (6) to send some men to the moon,It's a very long way from our w (7).'

'Oh,that's n (8),'the Irishman a (9) quickly.'The Irish are going to s (10) some men to the sun in a few months' time.That's much f (11) away than the moon,you know.'

The Englishman w (12) very surprised when he h (13) this.'Oh,yes,it is,'he said,'but the sun's too h (14) for people to go t (15).'

The Irishman l (16) and a (17),'Well,the Irish aren't s (18),you know.We w (19) go to the sun during the day,of course.We'll go there during the n (20).'

(1) were (2) first (3) was (4) was (5) said (6) going (7) world (8) nothing (9） answered （10) send (11) farther (12) was (13) heard (14) hot

to (16) laughed (17) answered (18) stupid (19) won't (20) night

7．

Once there was an old Indian.He came to a farmer's house and asked for some d (1). The farmer told him to come in and sit down to dinner.There were a German and Frenchman too.

The farmer said,"Well,you are the l (2) man to come.You shall serve the chicken."The I (3) agreed and a whore chicken was brought in.He c (4) off the head and gave it to the f (5), and said "You are the head man here.You shall have head." He gave the neck to the farmer's wife and said, "You are n (6) of head so you shall have the neck." "Each of the farmer's daughters was given a w (7)." "You will soon fly away from home and you each have a wing." He said to the Frenchman and the German, "You two p _8) fellows have a long way to go to get h (9)." and gave each of them a foot.

Then he said, "I am just a poor old Indian beggar. I'll eat what l (10)."

(1) dinner (2) last (3）Indian （4）cut (5) farmer (6) next (7) wing (8) poor (9) home (10)

left

8．

She h___ a yellow sweater. It's very n___. But it's too small. She n___ a new one. So she goes to Hua xing Clothes Store with h___ mother on Sunday. There are lots o___ clothes and she l___ a blue sweater v ___ much, but it's too b___. At last, they buy a green sweater at a good price. It's only ￥30!

has nice needs her of likes very big

二、完形填空

9．完形填空阅读短文，选择最恰当的答案。 The Wangs are talking 1 their holiday. They want to visit Hainan Island. It is in the 2 of China. There are 3 interesting places on Hainan Island. They can see the blue 4 . They can play on the 5 , too. They are 6 by plane. It is 7 but fast to go by plane. It is their first time to 8 a plane. They are so 9 . They are sure to have 10 good time.

1. A. with B. to C. about

2. A. north B. south C. west

3. A. any B. many C. some

4. A. first B. sea C. pond

5. A. sea B. path C. beach

6. A. going there B. go there C. go to there

7. A. dear B. cheap C. nice

8. A. by B. have C. take

9. A. sad B. worry C. excited

10. A. a B. an C. ／

【答案】（1）C；（2）B；（3）B；（4）B；（5）C；（6）A；（7）A；（8）C；（9）C；（10）A；

【考点】完型填空

【解析】【分析】（1）句意：王氏一家人正在谈论他们的假期。talk with sb和某人谈话，talk to sb对某人说，谈论某事talk about sth，根据holiday指事情，故答案为C.

（2）句意：他们想参观海南岛。它在中国的……部。海南岛在中国的南部south，故答案为B.

（3）句意：海南岛上有……有趣的地方。许多many，故答案为B.

（4）句意：他们可以看到蓝色的……。the冠词，修饰名词，大海sea，故答案为B.

（5）句意：他们也可以在……上玩。海滩beach，故答案为C.

（6）句意：他们将乘飞机……。本句是现在进行时，构成be doing，going there去那里，故答案为A.

（7）句意：坐飞机很……，但速度很快。根据常识，交通工具中乘飞机最贵，dear贵，故答案为A.

（8）句意：这是他们第一次……飞机。it is first time to do sth第一时间做某事，to后面接动词原形，take乘，是动词，by乘，是介词，故答案为C.

（9）句意：他们太……了。根据前面的句意，乘飞机是件兴奋的事情，excited兴奋的，故答案为C.

（10）句意：他们一定会玩得很开心。have a good time玩得很开心，固定搭配，故答案为A.

【点评】本题考查了完形填空，注意先翻译短文，然后根据短文内容，选出恰当的选项填空。

10．完形填空完形填空

It was time 1 home. I 2 a bus on a rainy day. A woman with a dog got on the bus ,too. It was a big dog 3 its feet were not clean.

I didn't want the dog to sit near me. But the woman said to the assistant(售票员), “Oh, I pay for my dog . Can he sit here like other 4 ?”

The assistan t looked at the dog and said ,“Yes ,madam , but he must not put his bag on the chair.”

1. A. to go B. going C. go

2. A. get on B. get off C. got on

3. A. but B. because C. and

4. A. dogs B. women C. people

【答案】（1）A；（2）C；（3）C；（4）C；

【解析】（1）it is time to do sth.意为该是做某事的时候，故选A。

（2）根据A woman with a dog got on the bus ,too. 知，我上了公交车。故选C。

（3）句意：它是一只大狗，它的脚不干净。and表顺承。故选C。

（4）句意：我为我的狗付款，它能不能像其他人一样坐在位子上？故选C。

【点评】考查阅读能力。

11．完形填空完型填空。

This is my room. Near the window there 1 a desk. I often do my homework at it. You can 2 some books, a ruler, a pen and some flowers 3 the vase（花瓶）. On the wall near the desk there is a picture 4 a cat. There is a clock on my bed . I can put my football 5 my bed. There is a chair near the desk . I sit(坐) there and I can see the trees and the flowers outside(外面) .

1. A. is B. are C. am

2. A. look B. see C. watch

3. A. on B. at C. in

4. A. of B. to C. on

5. A. on B. under C. in

【答案】（1）A；（2）B；（3）C；（4）A；（5）B；

【解析】【分析】短文大意是：这是我的房间。窗子附近有一张桌子。我经常在上面写作业。你能看见一些书、一把尺子、一支钢笔和一些在花瓶里的花。桌子附近的墙上挂着一

幅猫的画。在我的床上有一块钟表。我能把我的足球放在床底下。桌子旁有一把椅子。我

坐在那能看见外面的花草树木。

【点评】本题考查的是学生综合运用英语的能力，通过课内学习，能够运用所学知识来解

决课外问题。完型填空需要学生有一定的语言积累。

12．完形填空完型填空。

This is my room. Near the window there 1 a desk. I often do my homework at it. You can 2 some books, a ruler, a pen and some flowers 3 the vase（花瓶）. On the wall near the desk there is a picture 4 a cat. There is a clock on my bed . I can put my football 5 my bed. There is a chair near the desk . I sit(坐) there and I can see the trees and the flowers outside(外面) .

1. A. is B. are C. am

2. A. look B. see C. watch

3. A. on B. at C. in

4. A. of B. to C. on

5. A. on B. under C. in

【答案】（1）A；（2）B；（3）C；（4）A；（5）B；

【解析】【分析】短文大意是：这是我的房间。窗子附近有一张桌子。我经常在上面写作业。你能看见一些书、一把尺子、一支钢笔和一些在花瓶里的花。桌子附近的墙上挂着一

幅猫的画。在我的床上有一块钟表。我能把我的足球放在床底下。桌子旁有一把椅子。我

坐在那能看见外面的花草树木。

【点评】本题考查的是学生综合运用英语的能力，通过课内学习，能够运用所学知识来解

决课外问题。完型填空需要学生有一定的语言积累。

13．完形填空阅读对话，选择正确的答案填空。

Sally: What are you 1 ?

Linda: 2 . Do you have 3 plans?

Sally: I hear there is a new film at Sunshine 4 at 7:00 tonight. Would you like 5 with me?

Linda: I'd love to. 6 are we going there?

Sally: It's not far. Let's go 7 bike. OK?

Linda: OK. 8 shall we meet?

Sally: Let's meet at the cinema gate.

Linda: 9 shall we meet?

Sally: 10 6:30.

Linda: See you then.

Sally: See you.

1. A. do B. doing C. to do

2. A. Nothing B. Something C. Anything

3. A. some B. any C. a

4. A. Bookstore B. Cinema C. Restaurant

5. A. go B. going C. to go

6. A. When B. Where C. How

7. A. by B. on C. in

8. A. What B. Where C. Who

9. A. When B. Where C. Which

10. A. At B. On C. In

【答案】（1）B；（2）A；（3）B；（4）B；（5）C；（6）C；（7）A；（8）B；（9）A；（10）A；

【解析】【分析】（1）句意：你……什么？A做，动词原形，没有be+动词原形，这种结构，排除，B正在做，现在分词，由于现在进行时，be+doing，C做，动词不定式，不能做

谓语，排除，故答案为B.

（2）句意：……。根据后句询问对方是否有什么计划，可知琳达没有计划，A没有什么，

否定形式，B一些事情，肯定形式，C如何事情，由于疑问句或否定句，故答案为A.

（3）句意：你有……计划吗？本句是一般疑问句，plans是名词复数，A一些，由于肯定句，B一些，用于否定句或一般疑问句，C一个，后面接名词单数 ,故答案为B.

（4）句意：我听说今晚7点阳光电影院有一部新电影。根据film电影，在电影院看电影，A书店，B电影院，C饭店，故答案为B.

（5）句意：你想和我一起……吗？would like to do sth想要去做某事，此处用动词不定式，A去，动词原形，B去，现在分词，C去，动词不定式，故答案为C.

（6）句意：我们去那里……？根据 bike自行车，指方式，可知询问怎么样去那里，A什么时候，B在哪，C怎么样，故答案为C.

（7）句意：我们……骑自行车去。by+交通工具，固定搭配，故答案为A.

（8）句意：我们……见面？根据下文 the cinema gate 电影院大门，指地点，可知上文询问在哪见面，A什么，B在哪里，C谁，故答案为B.

（9）句意：我们将……见面？根据下文6:30 ，指时间，可知上文询问见面的时间，A什么时候，B在哪，C哪个，故答案为A.

（10）句意：……6点半。在具体时间前面用介词at在，故答案为A.

【点评】本题考查了完形填空，先翻译对话，然后根据句意，选出恰当的单词填空，使对话完整。

14．完形填空完型填空。

Tom, Sam, Jim and Jack live in a building 1 four floors. They live on different 2 . They have different jobs—an engineer, a worker, a teacher and a doctor. Tom 3 above Sam, but below Jim. Jack lives on the 4 floor. The doctor lives above the teacher, but below the worker. The engineer lives on the ground floor. What are their jobs? Which floor does each of them live 5 ?

1. A. to B. at C. of

2. A. floor B. floors C. /

3. A. lives B. live C. living

4. A. two B. three C. third

5. A. on B. in C. at

【答案】（1）C；（2）B；（3）A；（4）C；（5）A；

【解析】【分析】短文大意：汤姆、萨姆、吉姆和杰克住在一个四层的楼里。他们住在不同的楼层。他们有不同的工作—一名工程师、一个工人一名教师和一个医生。汤姆住在萨姆的上面，却住在吉姆的下面。杰克住在第三层。医生住在老师的上面，却住在工人的下面。工程师住在第一层。他们的工作都是什么？他们都住在哪一层？（1）of属于……的。（2）四个人住在不同的楼层，这里的floor要用复数形式。（3）Tom是第三人称单数，后

面的live要变成第三人称单数形式lives。（4）第三third。（5）住在几层live on。

【点评】本题考查的是学生综合运用英语的能力，需要学生有一定的语言积累。

15．完形填空阅读短文，选择正确的选项填空。

English people usually eat four 1 a day: breakfast, lunch, afternoon tea and dinner.

People have breakfast at any time from seven 2 nine in the morning. They eat porridge, eggs or bread. English people drink tea or coffee at breakfast.

Lunch 3 1 o'clock. Afternoon tea is from four to five in the afternoon. And dinner is about seven 4 . They have soup, meat or fish with vegetables at dinner. After that, they like some bananas, 5 or oranges to eat.

1. A. meal B. meals C. meal's

2. A. to B. at C. of

3. A. in B. on C. at

4. A. thirty B. thirties C. thirtys

5. A. apples B. apple C. applees

【答案】（1）B；（2）A；（3）C；（4）A；（5）A；

【解析】【分析】（1）meal顿，餐，是可数名词，前有数词four，故填其复数形式，选B。

（2）from……to……从……到……，固定结构，句中意思是：早上，人们可以在7点到9点期间任意时间吃早餐。故选A。

（3）时间点前用介词at，故选C。

（4）句意：晚餐大概是7点半，故填写的是时间，用原形，选A。

（5）由前有some修饰，故用复数形式，故选A。

最新小学英语首字母填空练习题(附答案)

最新小学英语首字母填空练习题(附答案) 一、小学英语首字母填空 1． Man: Good morning. Can I help you? Boy: Yes, please. I want to b___1__ a walkman. I like listening to m__2____ very much. Man: Oh, I see. Look, this is a n___3___ one, I think. It’s 200 yuan. It’s a Japanese walkman. It’s very good. Boy: Oh, but I’d___4____ like it. Do you have C____5_____ walkmans? Man: Yes, we do. Boy: Can you s___6___ me that walkman? Man: Yes, h___7___ you are. Boy: Well, this walkman looks good. H____8__ m____9____ is it? Man: 100 yuan. Boy: Oh, sorr y. I’m a s___10___ and I don’t have much money. Man: How about this one? Only 50 yuan. Boy: That’s OK. I’ll take it. 1.buy 2.music 3.new 4.don’t 5.Chinese 6.show 7.here 8.How 9.much 10.student 2． There is a p____ near our school. We can see many trees and flowers there. Some flowers are red, and some are y____. We can see a hill behind the park, too. At the foot of the hill we can see a r____. There are some boats on it. Children like to go there. It is Monday today. There are many young Pioneers(少先队员)in the park. Some are walking and singing. S____ are dancing or p____ games. Ann and h__ sister Kate are flying a k____. Tom and his brother Sam are t______ a Frisbee(飞盘). Their father and mother are sitting u_____ the tree. All the family are h_____ a good time. 1.park 2.yellow 3.river 4.some 5.playing 6.her 7.kite 8.throwing 9.under 10.having 3． A: Hello, Peter. How are you today? I hear(听说) you w__1_ well last week. B: I’m much better now. Thank you. Did you w_2__ the basketball game last night? A: Sure, I did. Great Lake Team w_3__ the game at last. Great Lake is my favorite team and David is my favorite basketball p__4__. He did really w__5_ in this game. B: I like him, too. Last Christmas I s_6_ him on TV with a baby in his arms. A: That was his daughter. She was only three months o_7_ then. B: So w__8__ did you get home last night? A: At about 9:30 and I went to bed at 10:00. B: I went to bed 20 minutes l_9_ than you. A: Why? B: Because I had the busiest and h_10_ birthday yesterday!

小学英语首字母填空精选附答案

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小学英语首字母填空练习题(含答案) 一、小学英语首字母填空 1． There is a p____ near our school. We can see many trees and flowers there. Some flowers are red, and some are y____. We can see a hill behind the park, too. At the foot of the hill we can see a r____. There are some boats on it. Children like to go there. It is Monday today. There are many young Pioneers(少先队员)in the park. Some are walking and singing. S____ are dancing or p____ games. Ann and h__ sister Kate are flying a k____. Tom and his brother Sam are t______ a Frisbee(飞盘). Their father and mother are sitting u_____ the tree. All the family are h_____ a good time. 1.park 2.yellow 3.river 4.some 5.playing 6.her 7.kite 8.throwing 9.under 10.having 2． A: Hello, Peter. How are you today? I hear(听说) you w__1_ well last week. B: I’m much better now. Thank you. Did you w_2__ the basketball game last night? A: Sure, I did. Great Lake Team w_3__ the game at last. Great Lake is my favorite team and David is my favorite basketball p__4__. He did really w__5_ in this game. B: I like him, too. Last Christmas I s_6_ him on TV with a baby in his arms. A: That was his daughter. She was only three months o_7_ then. B: So w__8__ did you get home last night? A: At about 9:30 and I went to bed at 10:00. B: I went to bed 20 minutes l_9_ than you. A: Why? B: Because I had the busiest and h_10_ birthday yesterday! 1. weren’t 2.watch 3.won 4.player 5.well 6.saw 7.old 8.when https://www.sodocs.net/doc/7517502350.html,ter 10.happiest 3． In the USA, there are many fast restaurants. Fast food is one kind of take-away f_1____. It is very p__2____. The famous r___3____ are Kentucky Fried Chicken and McDonald’s. You only give m___4___ to the person in the restaurant and then take the food a___5___ to eat outside, in the park or on the street, at work or in your own h__6___. Of c___7___, you can eat in the restaurant. M___8_ children like to go to KFC and McDonald’s b____9__ they can get gifts for their coming there. Today there are more and more A__10___ take-away food restaurants in China. 1. food 2. popular 3. restaurants 4. money 5. away 6. home 7. course 8.Many 9. because 10. American

小学英语首字母填空

【解析】本篇短文第一句“关于明的在水上的生活”，给大家一个总体的信息，重点是“on the waters”，而且时态为现在时。 1. 既然Ming的生活是和水紧密联系的，所以第一个空就很容易了，r打头的关于水的单词，就是river，因为前面有冠词a，所以只用单数形式。 2.通过前文可以得知，“Ming住在一个船型的屋子里，6年里他从来没有到过**，但是他从来不孤单”，也就是说他非常喜欢在水上的生活，因此可以推测出他从来没有来过陆地，填land。 3.本空的关键在play with，通常后面可以加fire、snow，但是与文意不符，所以是与朋友们玩，后文的their说明是复数形式，填friends。 4.本空的ask them to ** him和or之前的swims across to their boats是相互对应的，要么Ming去朋友那里，要么他的朋友来看他，所以填visit，表示拜访的意思。 5.本句说到，Ming的父亲是一位渔夫，一位渔夫捕鱼用线或者网是非常正常的事情，但but表示转折，说明他的父亲与一般渔夫不一样，不使用线或者网，后文的birds do the fishing for him也说明他自己不需要用这些工具。他的父亲是第三人称，所以填uses。 6.本题是难题，通过上下文可以得知，Ming的父亲在那些鸬鹚的某个部位圈上了圈，所以它们就不能把捕到的鱼吃下去了。通常鸬鹚吃鱼是直接吞的，如果不让它们吃下去的话只能在脖子上圈住，这样鱼就会卡住，吞不下去，而且鸬鹚是复数形式，所以填necks。 7.那些鸬鹚不是天生就会为Ming的父亲捕鱼的，而是通过后天的训练和教导，所以填taught或者trained。 8.通过句意得知，当鸬鹚的工作**了之后，它们会得到一大条鱼作为奖励，从逻辑上来看，应该是完成工作后，而且空前有is，所以填finished。 9.最后一句中，出现了shop，提示了此空和shop有关，应该是由go引导固定词组，go shopping，表示去购物。 10.本题也是难题。因为Ming是生活在水上的，那么肯定商店也是在水上的，从短文的第二句可以推测出，商店也是和Ming的家的外形很像，所以填own，词组of one's own表示某人的，这里解释为“这个商店也和Ming自己的家外形很像”。 1. instead 2. quite 3. gives 4. or 5. different 6. for 7. times 8. used 9. making 10. factories 【解析】本篇短文的首句，用一个疑问句来提出了“动物可以为人类工作？”，说明本篇文章将围绕此问题展开，而且时态为现在时。 1.通过本句句意理解，“科学家认为有一天动物可以被训练，然后做一些简单的工作”，意思与文章首句呼应，所以是代替人们做简单的工作，填instead of，表示代替。 2.本空可以使用语法上的技巧。如果本空忽略不看的话，句子仍然是成立的，说明填的单词词形不会是名词、动词或形容词，所以只能填副词来修饰skillful，那么“非常”可以用quite来表示，因此填quite。 3.本空应该填动词，当动物做好表演时，训练者会给动物一些奖励，所以填gives。 4.本题很好理解，要么给动物一些糖，要么就给水果，填or，表示选择性。 5.通过上文可以得知，现在大象、猴子、狗和其他动物都被训练做了许多事情，所以动物的种类是多种多样的，空格前的many也提示了不同种类的，所以填different。 6.本题很好理解，作为……的奖励，用介词for。 7.本题考察的是词组的运用，表示在以前和现在，填times，表示时代。 8.在以前和现在，士兵们都用鹅来发警报，使用某物，填use，前面有have表示现在完成时，因此填used。 9.本题考察的是词组的固定搭配，通过让鹅制造噪音来提醒士兵们有敌人靠近了，词组是make noise，前面有介词by，所以填making。 10.本题的逻辑词是or，表示选择性，说明本空也是一个表示地点的词，并且同样是由介词in引导，所以不能填farm（on the farms）而且应该和families呼应，要用复数形式，填factories。