翻译理论与实践考试试卷

翻译理论与实践考试试卷

I. Alternative Choice: 15 %

1. There is a lot of luck in drilling for oil. The drill may just miss the oil although it is near.

译文A：石油钻探很大程度上要靠运气。哪怕钻机打到石油边上，也可能找不到石油。

译文B：钻探石油有很大的运气，即使钻机就在附近也有可能错过石油。

2．I have no manners whatsoever. If I feel like it, I eat with my fingers, or out of a can, or standing up---in other words, whichever is easiest.

译文A：事实上我没有任何规矩，如果我觉得喜欢，我就用手指吃，或用罐头吃，或站着吃——换句话说，看那种吃法最容易。

译文B：我实在是一点规矩也没有。只要觉得合适，我可用手抓着吃，直接拿着罐头吃，或是站着吃：反正怎么省事就怎么吃。

3. 过去的一年．全国人民团结奋斗，开拓进取，社会主义现代化事业取得重大成就。

译文A：In the past, the Chinese people worked hard with a united and pioneering spirit, achieving great success in the drive for socialist modernization.

译文B：In the last year, the Chinese people united and worked hard, pioneered and forged ahead, and made great achievements in the cause of China’s socialist modernization.

4. 直到下半天，寻来寻去寻到山坳里，看见刺柴上挂着他的一只小鞋。大家都说，糟了，怕是遭了狼了！

译文A：Not until that afternoon, after searched everywhere, did they find a small shoe of his hanging on the bramble. Everybody said that it was too bad! He was likely to meet with a wolf!

译文B：Not until that afternoon, after trying anywhere possible in the mountains, did they find a small shoe of his hanging on the bramble. When seeing this, everybody there realized that something bad must have happened -----he was killed by a wolf! 5. 农民增加了对农业的投资，这样相对减少了国家对农业的直接投资。

译文A：The peasants have increased their investment in agriculture. This has relatively reduced direct investment in agriculture by the state.

译文B：Increased peasant investment in agriculture means relatively less direct investment in agriculture by the state.

II. Improve the following Translations: 15%

1. The shore line unobtrusively divided into low islands fringed with black lava boulders and overgrown with jungle and the grey-green water slips in between.

译文：河岸线不明显地被划分为低矮的小岛，岛的四周是巨大的黑色熔岩，岛上丛林茂密，暗绿的河水缓流其间。

2. 中华民族文化历史悠久，起源很早，内容极为丰富，是东方文明的主要组成部分，早在上古时期就已是人类文化的一个独立典型。

译文：As an important component of Oriental civilization, the Chinese culture has a long history with an early origin and a rich content. It was an independent model in human culture early in the ancient times.

3. 琼岛东北部有“琼岛春阴”碑，为1751年建立。

译文：There is a stone tablet called “Qiong Dao Chun Yin” in the northeast part of the Qiongdao Island, which was set up in 1751.

III. Translate the underlined parts into Chinese: 40% Fame is much like an animal chasing its own tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it. Fame and the exhilarating celebrity that accompanies it, force the famous person to participate in his or her own destruction. Ironic is n’t it?

Those who gain fame most often gain it as a result of processing a single talent

or skill: singing, dancing, painting, or writing, etc. The successful performer develops a style that is marked aggressively and gains some popularity, and it is this popularity that usually convinces the performer to continue performing in the same style, since that is what the public seems to want and to enjoy. But in time, the performer becomes bored singing the same songs in the same way year after year, or the painter becomes bored painting similar scenes or portraits, or the actor is tired of playing the same character repeatedly. The demand of the public holds the artist hostage to his or her own success, fame. If the artist attempts to change his or her style of writing or dancing or singing, etc, the audience may turn away and look to confer(赠予)fleeting

(飞逝的、短暂的)fickle(无常的、浮躁的) fame on another and then, in time, on another, and so on and so on. （注：可查字典，词义自定）

IV. Translate the following into English: 30%

没有盼头的日子是苍白不可想象的，人，得天天有点什么盼头，生活才不至于暗淡。有了盼头，会觉得太阳每天都是新的，不管是望梅止渴，还是画饼充饥，它都会激励你不停手中的桨，去追逐哪怕一星微小的火光。

土地去掉水分，就成了沙漠；人没了盼，还剩什么？小盼头支撑人的一天，大盼头支撑人的一生。

人是决不能没有盼头的。

（注：可查字典，词义自定）

答案

I. Alternative Choice: A.B.A.B.B 15 %

II. Improve the following Translations: 15%

1. 河岸线界限不明，划分为座座低矮的小岛，暗绿的河水缓流其间。岛上丛林茂密，大片乌黑的熔岩裸露于四周贴水一线。（拆译+语序）

2. As an important component of Oriental civilization, the Chinese culture is

rich and well-established with a long history, distinguished from ancient times

by its characteristics in human culture.（结构+选词用字）

3. In the northeast part of the Qiongdao Island stands a stone tablet, set up in 1751, which was engraved with 4 Chinese characters “Qiong Dao Chun

Yin”(Spring shades on the Qiongdao Island).（文化内容的处理）

III. Translation from English into Chinese: 40 %

试译：凡成名者，大多有一技之长，或能歌，或善舞，或长于绘画，或精于写作，都因各自演艺中形成的强烈个性和鲜明风格而名声鹊起。然而，正是这得来的名望，使他们常年固守着自己的本色不敢越雷池半步，因为这是公众的要求和喜爱。可随着时间的推移，歌星若年复一年唱着同样的歌，画家若一成不变画着同样的画，演员若一如既往重复着同一角色，恐怕连他自己都会厌烦。但为了保全已有的成就和名望，他只能一味顺从这种需要而沦为公众的人质。若要改换笔调，转变舞风，创新唱法，观众就会舍他而去，将那来去不定、乍起乍落的名望声誉随即送与他人，如此这般转来转去，无休无止。

IV. Translation from Chinese into English: 30 %

A day without hope would be unimaginably pale. There must be something to look forward to each day to brighten one’s life and keep it out of shadows. To a person cherishing hopes every morning rises a new sun. Even if it is a fantasy or an illusion, so long as it shows a ray of hope it still urges you on in pursuit of that little sparkle without letup.

Deprived of moisture content, soil turns into desert. Deprived of hope, what is there left to a person? A small hope sustains a person for a day, a great one for a lifetime.

Human beings cannot do without something to look forward to.

翻译试卷（A）评分细则

一．第一题正误判断（T/F，客观题）：5题，每题3分，共15分，占卷面总分15%。选对给满分，选错为0分，无第三种选择。

二．第三题翻译改进题（主观题）：3句，每句5分，共15分，占卷面总分15%。

1）句子虽改，但不正确，且错误百出，以0分计；

2）错处已改，但有错误，或在不该改的地方改错，扣1分。

三．段落翻译英译汉（主观题）：一段，共40分，占卷面总分40%。

1）译文准确达意，通顺地道，流畅连贯可给满分；

2）死扣原文字面、生硬呆板的译文须酌情扣5分左右；

3）理解错误每处扣1分；用词错误每处扣1分；行文不通顺每处扣1分。

四．段落翻译汉译英（主观题）：一段，共30分，占卷面总分30%。

1）译文准确达意，通顺地道，流畅连贯可给满分；

2）死扣原文字面、生硬呆板的译文须酌情扣5分左右；

3）理解错误每处扣1分；用词错误每处扣1分；语法错误每处扣1分；行文欠通顺每处扣1分。

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B、制订并实施《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》对于全面建设小康社会具有重大战略意义。 C、第一次以“城市”为主题的上海世博会，是各国人民创新、交流的平台，她将打开未来城市的大门，引领新的生活方式。 D、中央电视台青年歌手大奖赛在今年的团体赛中取消了“综合素质考核”，这一看似微小的举措却引起了热议。 5、下列填入横线处的语句，排序最恰当的一项是 所有的民族都有自己特定的节目，或者是宗教上的，或者是节令上的。 ① 这体现出了东西方不同的文化特点。 ②比如欧洲国家的圣诞节，为的是纪念耶酥的诞辰。 ③而中国的节日主要来源于时令，比如春节、元宵节、清明节、中秋节、重阳节等。 ④复活节则是为了庆祝耶酥复活而产生的。 A、①②③④ B、①③②④ C、②④③① D、②③④① 二、阅读下面文段，完成6-8题。 近二十年来，动物的游戏行为引起了研究者的极大兴趣，成为行为研究中最有争议的领域。争议的焦点，是动物为什么要进行游戏。过去主要有两种看法。一些科学家提出“演习说”，他们认为，游戏行为是未来生活的排演或演习，游戏行为使得动物从小就能熟悉未来生活中要掌握的各种“技能”，熟悉未来动物社会中将要结成的各种关系。但有些科学家并不同意“演习说”，他们提出“自娱说”，认为动物游戏是为了“自我娱乐”，通过自得其乐的游戏，动物紧张的自然竞争生活得到某种调剂和补偿，使它们在生理上、心理上容易保持平衡，从而得到一定的自我安抚和自我保护。 而不久前，汉斯·特贝和斯塔·阿特曼等又提出了一种新假说——“学习说”。他们认为，游戏是一种实践性很强的学习行为，如果给黑猩猩一根棍子，它们就会用棍子互相赶来赶去，像人们赶鸭子似的；也会用棍子去取挂着的食物。经历过这种游戏的黑猩猩，在今后生活中就容易学会使用棍子。同样，“捉迷藏”和追逐游戏，也使动物学会利用有复杂的自然环境、社会环境巧妙地结合起来。因而，无论对幼小动物还是成年动物，游戏都是一种十分重要的学习行为。 而约翰·贝叶和保尔·赖特认为，游戏不仅是学习，而且是“锻炼”。贝叶注意到，西伯利亚羚羊的游戏带有明显的锻炼倾向：它们选择游戏场地时，似乎总是从“实战”出发，选择在坎坷的斜坡上奔跑追逐，在陡峭的悬崖上跳跃，好像是在锻炼它们逃避敌害的能力。赖特发现，北极熊冬季生活艰难，要花很大力气去

2020年公共英语三级试题：阅读理解(最新)

I heard many parents complaining that their teenage children are rebelling. I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own two feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are clutching (紧握) at one another's hands for reassurance. They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up huddled (聚在一起) round listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in thus-and-such a way is that the crowd is doing it. They have come out of their cocoon (蚕茧) into a larger_cocoon. It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out a teenage market. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisements what a teenager should have and be. And many of today's parents have come to award high marks for the popularity of their children. All this adds up to a great barrier for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path. But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you don't care to share at once with your classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come—with the people who respect you for who you are. That is the only kind of popularity that really counts. 1.In this passage, the author wants to tell ________. A.teenagers to try to pursue their real selves B.readers to try to be popular with people around C.parents to try to control and guide their children D.people to try to understand and respect each other 2.The author disapproves of rebelling teenagers ________. A.growing away from their parents