2018届高考英语二轮复习细节理解题专练(二)

细节理解题专练(二)

A

(2017·山西省太原市高三年级模拟试题一)

Researchers say current exercise guidelines are unrealistic and argue that doctors should sometimes advise small increases in activity instead. They warn the 150-minute weekly target is beyond the reach of some people — particularly older individuals. And trying to reach these goals could mean the benefits of lighter exercise are overlooked. But public health officials say current recommendations have proven benefits in lowering the risk of heart disease.

There is increasing evidence that inactivity is linked to heart disease, type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) and some types of cancer. UK guidelines for adults recommend at least two-and-a-half hours of moderate activity a week, in short periods of 10 minutes or more.

But in two separate articles in The BMJ, experts argue the message needs to change, with greater emphasis on making inactive people move more. Prof. Philipe de Souto Barreto at the University Hospital of Toulouse, advises people who are sedentary (久坐不动的) to make small increases in their activity levels —rather than pushing to achieve current goals. He points to previous studies which show even short periods of walking or just 20 minutes of energetic activity a few times a month can reduce the risk of death, compared to people who do no exercise.

In the second article, Prof. Philipe Sparkling of the Georgia Institute of Technology, says doctors should tailor their advice — particularly for older patients. He suggests using GP visits for people over 60 to discuss “realistic options” to increase activity —such as getting people to stand up and move during TV commercial breaks.

Prof. Kevin Fenton at Public Health England says, “Everyone needs to be active every day — short periods of 10 or more minutes of physical activity have proven health benefits, but getting 150 minutes or more of moderate activity every week is the amount we need to positively impact on a wide range of health conditions.” This includes reducing the risk of heart disease and type 2 diabetes.

【解题导语】本文主要讨论了人们对现行锻炼指导原则的不同看法。

【难句分析】He points to previous studies which show even short periods of walking or just 20 minutes of energetic activity a few times a month can reduce the

risk of death, compared to people who do no exercise.

分析：本句是一个复合句。句中which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为previous studies; compared to people who do no exercise是过去分词短语作状语。

译文：他提到了以前的研究，那些研究表明与那些不锻炼的人比起来，即使短时间的行走或者一个月只是几次的20分钟的消耗体力的运动都会减少死亡的风险。

1．What is the current exercise goal mentioned in the passage?

A．10-minute exercise.B．20-minute exercise.

C．60-minute exercise. D．150-minute exercise.

解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“They warn the 150-minute weekly target is beyond the reach of some people —particularly older individuals”及“And trying to reach these goals”可知，现行的锻炼目标是每周150分钟的运动量，故选D。

干扰项分析：根据第二段的“UK guideli nes for adults recommend at least two-and-a-half hours of moderate activity a week, in short periods of 10 minutes or more”可知，A项错误；根据第三段的最后一句“He points to previous studies which show even short periods of walking or just 20 minutes of energetic activity a few times a month can reduce the risk of death, compared to people who do no exercise”可知，20分钟的锻炼量是Philipe de Souto Barreto教授的建议，故B项错误；C项文章中并没有提到，故排除。

2．What can we learn from the second paragraph?

A．10-minute exercise has little effect on the health.

B．Heart disease happens easily to the old in activity.

C．Two-and-a-half hours of exercise is not necessary.

D．Inactivity easily brings about many serious diseases.

解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第二段的第一句“There is increasing evidence that inactivity is linked to heart disease, type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) and some types of cancer”可知，不活动会引发很多疾病，故选D。

干扰项分析：B项错在心脏病容易发生在活动中的老年人身上，而第二段中只提到不活动会引发心脏病等疾病；根据第二段的第二句“UK guidelines for adults recommend at least two-and-a-half hours of moderate activity a week, in short periods of 10 minutes or more”可知，A项和C项均错误。

3．What is the suggestion of Prof. Philipe de Souto Barreto according to the third paragraph?

A．People should spend less time on exercise.

B．People should lower their activity levels.

C．People should increase exercise properly.

D．People should achieve their current goals.

解析：C 考查细节理解。根据第三段的第二句“Prof. Philipe de Souto Barreto at the University Hospital of Toulouse, advises people who are sedentary (久坐不动的) to make small increases in their activity levels —rather than pushing to achieve current goa ls”可知，Philipe de Souto Barreto教授建议人们要适当增加锻炼，故选C。

4．Which of the following is TRUE about current exercise guidelines?

A．They are impractical.

B．They are reasonable.

C．They have no effect on us.

D．They are popular with people.

解析：A 考查细节理解。根据第一段的第一句“Researche rs say current exercise guidelines are unrealistic and argue that doctors should sometimes advise small increases in activity instead”可知，现行的锻炼指导原则并不实用，故选A。

B

(2017·辽宁大连双基测试)

For many people, being on the job might just sound like a picnic compared to a day at home filled with housework, meals and childcare. Even for those with a happy family life, home can sometimes feel more taxing than work.

In a new study, researchers at Penn State University found significantly and consistently lower levels of cortisol (皮质醇) released in response to stress, in a majority of subjects when they were at work compared to when they were at home. This was true for both men and women, and parents and people without children.

Both men and women showed less stress at work. But women were more likely to report feeling happier there. Men were more likely to feel happier at home. Experts say there are other reasons why work is less stressful than home for many. “Paid work is more valued in society，” says Sarah Damaske, the lead resear cher on the study. “Household work is boring and not particularly rewarding.”

We get better at our job with time and the increased competence means less stress and more rewards. Yet none of us, no matter how long we've been doing it, ever truly feels like an expert at parenting or even at marriage.

The support and friendship of co-workers also offer stress relief. At home, meanwhile, stress spreads and accumulates quickly. “That's the reason why most housewives wish they were the bread earners，” Dr. Damaske says.

Much of the advice to families and couples includes the warning to leave work stress at the office and even to change our mindset from work to home, for example, a walk around the block. The recent findings, though, suggest our home life, not our attitude, might be due for some change.

【解题导语】本文主要介绍了一项研究，该研究表明越来越多的人认为上班比在家做家务、做饭和带孩子更轻松一些。

【难句分析】In a new study, researchers at Penn State University found significantly and consistently lower levels of cortisol (皮质醇) released in response to stress, in a majority of subjects when they were at work compared to when they were at home.

分析：这是一个复合句。两个when都引导时间状语从句。

译文：在一项新的研究中，宾夕法尼亚州立大学的研究人员发现，比起在家里，大多数人在工作的时候，面对压力，他们的皮质醇水平显著且连续地降低。

5．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “taxing”？

A．stressful B．cheerful

C．worthwhile D．rewarding

解析：A 考查词义猜测。本题可利用句意推断法及语境分析法解题。根据第一段第一句“For many people, being on the job might just sound like a picnic compared to a day at home filled with housework, meals and childcare”可知，很多人认为与在家做家务、做饭和带孩子相比，工作像野餐一样。言外之意，上班比在家轻松，在家比上班更有压力。故选A。

干扰项分析：cheerful“快乐的，令人愉快的”；worthwhile“值得做的”；rewarding“值得做的，有意义的”。

6．What did the research in the second paragraph prove?

A．Men felt better at home.

B．Women felt they had less time.

C．Women were easier to feel happier.

D．Most people felt more stress at home.

解析：D 考查细节理解。本题可利用分析长难句法解题。根据第二段内容可知，研究发现：比起在家里，大多数人在工作的时候，面对压力，他们的皮质醇水平显著且连续地降低，这项研究证明大多数人感觉在家更有压力。故选D。

7．What do most people think of work at the office?

A．It is competitive.

B．It improves ability.

C．It can't relieve stress.

D．It doesn't always pay off.

解析：B 考查细节理解。根据第四段的第一句“We get better at our job with time and the increased competence... rewards”可知，随着时间的推移，大多数的人在工作中能提高能力。故选B。

8．According to the recent findings, what should we change to solve the problem mentioned?

A．Our attitude. B．Our mindset.

C．Our home life. D．Our working style.

解析：C 考查细节理解。根据最后一段的最后一句“The recent findings, though, suggest our home life, not our attitude, might be due for some change”可知，我们的家庭生活得以改变才能解决问题。故选C。

C

(2017·河南洛阳高三第一次统考)

Goodreads recommends the following books you want to read for the event to come.

1．The Lyrics：1961－2012

By Bob Dylan

Simon & Schuster, $ 60

What it's about: This heavy, well-timed publication contains lyrics by the songwriter who just won the Nobel Prize in Literature, from his first album, Bob Dylan, through Tempest.

What's to love: The times may be changing, but Dylan's fans are a constant, traditional devotees who will want this epic collection for their shelves, to sit beside those beloved old large papers.

2．Taylor Swift: This Is Our Song

By Tyler Conroy

Simon & Schuster, $ 28

What it's about: An elegant fanzine celebrating all things about Taylor Swift, especially the pop star's countless fans.

What's to love: Mom and/or Dad, the fan of Taylor Swift, will think you're pretty cool if he or she discovers this temple to Taylor under the Christmas tree (even if it is a book)．

3．Misty Copeland

By Gregg Delman

Rizzoli, $ 39.95

What it's about: Star-figure female ballet dancer Misty Copeland strikes a pose (95, to be exact) in photos taken between 2011 and 2014, in the casual setting of dance studios.

What's to love: Since becoming the first African American woman to be named a principal dancer with the American Ballet Theatre, Copeland has become a cultural phenomenon, and Delman's arresting pictures capture (捕捉) her muscular power and elegance.

4．@ NatGeo: The Most Popular Instagram Photos

By National Geographic

National Geographic, $ 19.95

What it's about: National Geographic's popular Instagram account (nearly 63 million followers) comes to book form in this title filled with eye-popping images from around the world.

What's to love: Here's proof that NatGeo's talented photographers have conquered social media while maintaining the usual quality of their work. And for fans of more tra ditional coffee-table-size books, check out National Geographic's Wild, Beautiful Places: Picture-Perfect Journeys Around the Globe ($ 40) .

【解题导语】本文主要推荐了几本在圣诞节期间值得阅读的书。

9．Which author is noted for literature achievements?

A．Bob Dylan.

B．Tyler Conroy.

C．Gregg Delman.

D．National Geographic.

解析：A 考查细节理解。根据第一本书下的“This heavy, well-timed publication contains lyrics by the songwriter who just won the Nobel Prize in Literature, from his first album, Bob Dylan, through Tempest”可知，Bob Dylan在文学方面的造诣很高。

10．For what event are the books most probably recommended?

A．New Year's Day. B．Christmas Day.

C．One's anniversary. D．Literature awards.

解析：B 考查推理判断。根据第二本书下的“Mom and/or Dad, the fan of Taylor Swift, will think you're pretty cool if he or she discovers this temple to Taylor under

the Christmas tree (even if it is a book)”可推知，本文所介绍的书都是为即将到来的圣诞节而推荐的。

11．How much would a photographer normally spend on his favourite books listed?

A．$ 39.95. B．$ 19.95.

C．$ 59.9. D．$ 99.9.

解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第三本书下的“and Delman's arresting pic tures capture (捕捉) her muscular power and elegance”和第四本书及其下的“And for fans of more traditional coffee-table-size books, check out National Geographic's Wild, Beautiful Places: Picture-Perfect Journeys Around the Globe($ 40) ”可知，摄影爱好者会对最后介绍的两本书感兴趣，还会对Wild Beautiful Places: Picture-Perfect Journeys Around the Globe感兴趣，买这三本书他要花$ 39.95＋$ 19.95＋$ 40＝$ 99.9。

12．Which book would a pop star's fan probably buy?

A．The Lyrics：1961－2012.

B．Taylor Swift: This Is Our Song.

C．Misty Gopeland.

D．@ NatGeo: The Most Popular Instagram Photos.

解析：B 考查细节理解。根据第二本书下的“An elegant fanzine celebrating all things about Taylor Swift, especially the pop star's countless fans”可知，流行音乐歌手的粉丝们会买Tyler Conroy写的书。