全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试英语三级笔译实务-历年真题及模拟试题【打印版】【圣才出品】

第一部分历年真题

英语三级笔译实务真题精选及详解（一）

Section1:English-Chinese Translation(50points)

Translate the following passage into Chinese.

Old people in Thiengoly say they can remember when there were so many trees that you couldn’t see the sky.Now,miles of reddish-brown sand surround this village in northwestern Senegal,dotted with occasional bushes and trees.Dried animal dung is scattered everywhere,but hardly any dried grass is.

Overgrazing and climate change are the major causes of the Sahara’s advance, said Gilles Boetsch,an anthropologist who directs a team of French scientists working with Senegalese researchers in the region.“The local Peul people are herders,often nomadic.But the pressure of the herds on the land has become too great,”Mr.Boetsch said in an interview.“The vegetation can’t regenerate itself.”

Since2008,however,Senegal has been fighting back against the encroaching desert.Each year it has planted some two million seedling trees along a 545-kilometer,or340-mile,ribbon of land that is the country’s segment of a major pan-African regeneration project,the Great Green Wall.First proposed in2005,the program links Senegal and10other Saharan states in an alliance to plant a15 kilometer-wide,7,100-kilometer-long green belt to fend off the desert.While many

countries have still to start on their sections of the barrier,Senegal has taken the lead,with the creation of a National Agency for the Great Green Wall.

“This semi-arid region is becoming less and less habitable.We want to make it possible for people to continue to live here,”Col.Pap Sarr,the agency’s technical director,said in an interview here.Colonel Sarr has forged working alliances between Senegalese researchers and the French team headed by Mr.Boetsch,in fields as varied as soil microbiology,ecology,medicine and anthropology.“In Senegal we hope to experiment with different ways of doing things that will benefit the other countries as they become more active,”the colonel said.Each year since 2008,from May to June,about400people are employed in eight nurseries, choosing and overseeing germination of seeds and tending the seedlings until they are ready for planting.In August,1,000people are mobilized to plant out rows of seedlings,about2million plants,allowing them a full two months of the rainy season to take root before the long,dry season sets in.

After their first dry season,the saplings look dead,brown twigs sticking out of holes in the ground,but80percent survive.Six years on,trees planted in2008are up to three meters,or10feet,tall.So far,30,000hectares,or about75,000acres, have been planted,including4,000hectares this summer.

There are already discernible impacts on the microclimate,said Jean-Luc Peiry, a physical geography professor at the UniversitéBlaise Pascal in Clermont-Ferrand, France,who has placed30sensors to record temperatures in some planted parcels.“Preliminary results show that clumps of four to eight small trees can have an

important impact on temperature,”Professor Peiry said in an interview.“The transpiration of the trees creates a microclimate that moderates daily temperature extremes.”“The trees also have an important role in slowing the soil erosion caused by the wind,reducing the dust,and acting like a large rough doormat, halting the sand-laden winds from the Sahara,”he added.Wildlife is responding to the changes.“Migratory birds are reappearing,”Mr.Boetsch said.

The project uses eight groundwater pumping stations built in1954,before Senegal achieved its independence from France in1960.The pumps fill giant basins that provide water for animals,tree nurseries and gardens where fruit and vegetables are grown.

【参考译文1】

司恩高利村的老人们常说，他们记得曾经该村周边树木多得遮天蔽日。如今，司恩高利这个塞内加尔西北小村已被绵延数英里的红棕色沙子包围，沙子上零星散布着灌木丛和树丛。干结的动物粪便到处都是，但干枯的草却很难到处可见。

过度放牧和气候变化是导致撒哈拉沙漠扩张的主要原因，人类学家吉勒思·波特舍这样说道，他带领的一队法国科学家正和塞内加尔研究员一道在此开展研究工作。“当地的颇耳族人以放牧为生，且常常是流动放牧。但是畜群对草地带来的压力太大以致于植被无法复生，”波特舍先生在一次采访中说道。

不过，塞内加尔自2008年起就一直抗击不断扩张的沙漠的侵袭。每年，该国将约200万株树苗沿545千米（约340英里）长的狭长地带栽种，这块狭长地带是“绿色长城”这一泛非洲植被再生工程在塞内加尔境内的部分。“绿色长城”这一工程在2005年被提出，它将塞内加尔和其他10个地处撒哈拉的国家联接成同盟来通过植树创建一个15千米宽、

7100千米长的绿化带，以此阻挡沙漠的扩张。随着主管其境内的“绿色长城”工程的一个国家级机构的成立，塞内加尔在植树治沙方面已经走在了前列，而许多国家甚至都还没有着手建设它们境内的绿化带屏障。

“这个半干燥地区正变得越来越不适宜居住。我们想让人们还能够继续在此居住，”帕萨上校在一次采访中说道，他是这个新成立的机构的技术主任。萨上校已促成塞内加尔研究人员和波特舍领导的法国科学家团队在土壤微生物学、生态学、药学和人类学方面组成研究联盟。萨上校说：“随着其他国家变得更积极起来，我们希望塞内加尔尝试的不同治沙方式能让这些国家受益”。自2008年起，每年4月到6月，约400名工人会受雇于8个苗圃室，他们要挑选种子、照看种子的发芽，然后修剪幼苗直到这些幼苗能用于载种。到了8月，1000多人将被调动来栽种一排排树苗，约200万株，这就使得这些树苗在漫长而干燥的旱季到来前能有足足两个月的雨季来扎根。

在经历了第一个旱季之后，这些小树苗看上去都枯死了，只剩棕色的枝条从地上的洞中凸出来，但80%的树苗都会存活。6年之后，这些2008年栽下的树苗已经长到了3米之高（约10英寸）。迄今已有30000公顷，约75000英亩的地带已经栽上了树木，其中4000亩是今年夏天栽种的。

“植树对微气候的影响已经显现，”法国克莱蒙费朗市布莱斯?帕斯卡大学物理地理学教授让·吕克·派瑞说道，他在一些已经栽种了树木的地带放置了30个传感器来记录温度变化。“初步的结果显示4至8棵树组成的树丛能对温度产生重要影响，”派瑞教授在一次采访中说道。“树木体表的水分蒸发能创造一个微气候，这个微气候能降低每日温度的上限。”“同时，这些树木在减轻大风造成的土壤流失、减少沙尘以及起到粗糙的地垫作用方面功不可没，从而阻断从撒哈拉刮来的满是沙子的大风”他补充说道。野生动物因这些变化而改变了行为。波特舍先生说：“迁徙的鸟类重现此地。”

该工程所用的8个地下水泵站建于1954年，即在塞内加尔1960年脱离法国统治取得独立之前。这些水泵抽取地下水灌满巨型蓄水盆，而这些蓄水盆为动物、苗圃室和种植有果树的花园供水。

【参考译文2】

在蒂昂戈利（Thiengoly），老人们常说起过去树木繁多、遮天蔽日的景象。而现在，这座塞纳加尔西北部的村庄已经被棕红色的沙土包围，剩下的只有星星点点的灌木和树木。干燥的动物粪便四处散落，枯草却难觅踪迹。

加快撒哈拉沙漠情况恶化的主要原因是过度放牧和气候变化，人类学家吉勒斯·博尔特斯（Gilles Boetsch）这样说，他现在这一区域指导着法国的科学家团队和塞内加尔籍的探索者们合作进行研究。“当地的珀尔（Peul）族是以放牧为生，有时也有游牧生活。但是牧群对于这片土地的压力已大得让其无力承受，”博尔特斯先生在一次采访中这样说。“这样的植被是无法自己再生的。”

自2008年，塞内加尔已经开始了对沙漠侵蚀这一现象的反抗。过去的每年，都会沿着长545公里长（约合340英里）的带状区域种植2百万颗幼苗，这片区域就是绿色长城在塞内加尔境内的部分。绿色长城就是泛非洲主义者的绿植再生项目，该项目最初在2005年提出，现在联合了塞内加尔和其他十个撒哈拉国家一同建设宽15千米，长7100千米的绿化以击退沙漠。当许多国家着手准备自己国家所负责的绿化带区域时，塞内加尔已经率先为绿色长城项目创立了国家级机关。

“这片半干旱的区域已经越来越不适宜居住了。我们希望让人类在这里居住成为可能，”萨拉上校致力于塞内加尔当地研究者和博尔特斯带领的法国团队在包括土壤微生物学，生态学，药剂学和人类学等领域通力合作。“在塞内加尔，我们希望试行各种方法让其他国家也能获益，这样他们也会更加活跃，”上校先生说道。自2008年来，每年从五月到六月，该

项目的八个护林所招募了约400人，他们的工作主要是挑选并繁育种子，并在八月份左右，将其育成幼苗。等到八月，该项目会动员1000人去植树约2百万颗，让他们能在旱季之前，有两个月的雨季落地生根。

第一次的旱季过后，这些树苗看起来已半死不活，棕色的树枝从地面支出来。但却有百分之80的树苗成活。六年来，2008年种下的树植长到了3米高（约合10英尺）。到现在，算上今年种的4000公顷，已经累计种树3万公顷（约合7.5万亩）。

简·吕·佩里说，在微气候学上，已经有了一些可见的变化。他是法国克莱蒙特（Clennot-Ferrand）地区帕斯卡尔大学的地理学教授。在该项目中，他放置了30个温度记录仪。佩里教授在一次采访中说，“树木的呼吸作用创造了一个微气候，这样的微气候可以减缓日常的极端气温。”“这些树木在减慢刮风造成的土壤侵蚀，减少尘土有着重要作用，就像一个大门神一样，阻止从撒哈拉沙漠来的沙尘暴。”他补充道。也是环境对这些改变也有所回应。“候鸟又出现了，”博尔特斯先生说。

该项目所使用的八个地下水泵站均建于1954年，在1960年塞内加尔从法国独立出来之前。水泵为动植物养护所荷花园提供水源，滋养着水果和蔬菜。

Section2:Chinese-English Translation(50points)

Translate the following passage into English.

健康是促进人的全面发展的必然要求。提高人民健康水平，实现病有所医的理想，是人类社会的共同追求。在中国这个有着13亿多人口的发展中大国，医疗卫生关系亿万人民健康，是一个重大民生问题。

中国高度重视保护和增进人民健康。宪法规定，国家发展医疗卫生事业，发展现代医药

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