最新英国文学史选读复习资料2

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一、The Anglo-Saxon period （449-1066）

1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan异教徒）Christian（基督徒）

2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》（ national epic 民族史诗）采用了隐喻手法

3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法）

例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved,

To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.

二、The Anglo-Norman period （1066-1350）

Canto 诗章

1 、romance 传奇文学

2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight （高文爵士和绿衣骑士）是一首押头韵的长诗

三、Geoffrey Chaucer （1340-1400）杰弗里.乔叟时期

1 、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父

2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed押韵） lines in iambic pentameter

五步抑扬格）

3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事（英国文学史的开端）

大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups.

朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体

小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character.

这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。

小说观点：he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions迷信）and a blind belief in fate（盲目地相信命运）.

他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。

四、The Renaissance （16世纪）文艺复兴时期

（Greek and Roman）戏剧drama 诗章canto

The term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of classical （Greek and Roman） arts and sciences. 文艺复兴最初是指经典艺术和科学在英国的复兴。

The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama 文艺复兴时期的英国戏剧也得到了迅速的发展。

1 、key work: humanism 人文主义：admire human beauty and human achievement

2、代表人物：

1）、Thomas More 托马斯.莫尔Utopia 乌托邦

2）、Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯.培根第一个散文家（essayist）

3）、Thomas Wyatt 托马斯.怀亚特引入十四行诗的第一人

sonnet十四行诗）: form of poetry intricately rhymed（间隔押韵）in 14 lines iambic pentameter

4）、Edmund Spenser埃德蒙.斯宾塞poet ' s po诗人中的诗人）The Fairy Queen《仙后》（epic poem

史诗）

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5）、Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗.马洛

blank verse无韵体：不押韵的五步抑扬格）是十六世纪英国戏剧的主要表现形式。

6）、William Shakespeare 威廉姆.莎士比亚戏剧drama

四大悲剧：Hamlet（哈姆雷特），Othello（奥赛罗），King Lear（李尔王），The Tragedy of Macbeth（麦克白）

五、the period of Revolution and Restoration （17世纪）资产阶级革命与王权复辟prose 散文

1、文学特点：the Puritans g青教徒）believed in simplicity of life、disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry、breaking up of old ideals.

清教徒崇尚俭朴的生活、拒绝十四行诗和爱情诗、与旧思想脱离。

2、代表人物：

1）、John Donne约翰.多恩“ metaphysical ” p玄学派诗人）的代表人物

sonnet 十四行诗《Death be not proud〉（笔记）

作品特点：① strike the reader in Donne ' s extraordinary frankness and penetrating 坦诚s的态度和现实描绘）

②novelty of subject matter and point新颖的题材和视角）

③novelty of its form.（新颖的形式）

2）、John Milton 约翰.弥尔顿a great poet 诗人（poem 诗歌blank verse ）

《Defense for the English Peop te 为英国人辩护

《Paradise Lost〉失乐园“Satan is not a villain撒旦不是坏人

《Paradise Regained 复乐园

3）、John Bunyan 约翰.拜扬a great prose writer “give us the only great寓言g6ry（

《Pilgrim ' s Progress^路历程prose 散文

该书采用的写作手法“writtenin the old-fashioned（旧体形式）,medieval form of allegory（比喻）and dream”

六、The Age of Enlightenment （18世纪）启蒙运动

prose 散文

1、Emphasized formality or correctness of style, to write prose like Addison, or verse like Pope. 强调正确的格式和写作规范，像艾迪生一样创作散文，和蒲柏一样创作诗歌。

The Enlightenment was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism.

启蒙运动实际上是当时先进的资产阶级同落后的封建主义斗争的一种形式。

The enlighteners repudiate the false religious doctrines about the viciousness of human nature, and prove that man is born kind and honest, and if he becomes depraved, it is only due to the influence of corrupted social environment.

启蒙主义者颠覆了宗教所宣扬的人类本恶的观点；论证了人生诚实而友善，而腐化堕落则是后天腐败的社会环境所致。

Contrary to all reasoning, social injustice still held strong, found the power of reason to be insufficient, and therefore appealed to sentiment as a means of achieving happiness and social justice.

无论怎样讲究理性，社会不平等现象仍然普遍存在，理性的力量明显不足。因此呼吁把情感的诉求作精品文

档

精品文档为一种谋求幸福和社会公平的手段。

2、18th century 文学的三个方面：

Classicism（古典主义）、revival of roma ntic poetry（新兴的浪漫主义诗歌）、beg innings of the moder n novel（刚启萌的现代派小说）

3、代表人物：

1）、Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔.笛福realistic novel 现实主义小说

Novel:《Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记《Jonathan Wild》乔纳森.威尔德《Moll Flanders》摩尔.

弗兰德斯

2）、Henry Fielding 亨利.菲尔丁father of modern fiction（现代小说之父）

《Joseph An drew》约瑟夫.安德鲁斯受到了理查森的《帕美勒》的启发

作家之间的不同: Richardson——no humor, minces words, moralizes. 不幽默，咬文嚼字，说教

Fielding ——direct, vigorous, hilarious, and coarse to the point of vulgarity，full of animal spirits, tells the story of a vagabond life 语言直接、生动、欢快、粗糙，甚至有点俗,精神焕发，讲述流浪者的故事。

《The History of Tom Jones, a foundling?弃婴汤姆.琼斯的故事the best novel of him

3）、Jonathan Swift 乔纳森.斯威夫特

《Gulliver ' s Trav e l格列佛游记novel 反讽

作品特点: no visible sign of anger, nor raising the voice; the tone is cold, restrained, ironic, varied only by some flashes of fooling when Swift ' s sense of the ridiculour gets the better of him.

努不动颜，骂不扬声，语调冷酷，锋芒暗藏，讽刺辛辣，仅在讽喻之情难以抑制时才偶露揶揄之态。

《A Modest Proposa》一个温和的建议

4）、Samuel Richardson 塞缪尔.理查森

《Pamela〉帕美勒The method of psychological analysis 心理分析的方法

In the form of letters 书信体小说

5）、Richard B. Sheridan 理查德.B.谢尔丹

《School for Scanda》造谣学校，喜剧comedy

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英国文学史及选读__期末试题及答案

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2014-2015英国文学史及选读期末试题B

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班级_________________学号姓名考试科目英美文学史及作品选读【（1）】B卷闭卷共 5 页 学生答题不得超过此线····································密························封························线································

班级_________________学号姓名考试科目英美文学史及作品选读【（1）】B卷闭卷共 5 页 学生答题不得超过此线····································密························封························线································

(完整word版)吴伟仁--英国文学史及选读--名词解释

①Beowulf: The national heroic epic of the English people. It has over 3,000 lines. It describes the battles between the two monsters and Beowulf, who won the battle finally and dead for the fatal wound. The poem ends with the funeral of the hero. The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use if alliteration. Other features of it are the use of metaphors(暗喻) and of understatements(含蓄). ②Alliteration: In alliterative verse, certain accented(重音) words in a line begin with the same consonant sound(辅音). There are generally 4accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration, as can be seen from the above quotation. ③Romance: The most prevailing(流行的) kind of literature in feudal England was the Romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse(诗篇), sometimes in prose(散文), describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, usually a knight, as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournament(竞赛), or fighting for his lord in battle and the swearing of oaths. ④Epic: An epic is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significantly to a culture or nation. The first epics are known as primacy, or original epics. ⑤Ballad: The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad which is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas(诗节), with the second and fourth lines rhymed. The subjects of ballads are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal-minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters and class struggle. The paramount(卓越的) important ballad is Robin Hood(《绿林好汉》). ⑥Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里.乔叟: He was an English author, poet, philosopher and diplomat. He is the founder of English poetry. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. His best remembered narrative is the Canterbury Tales(《坎特伯雷故事集》), which the Prologue(序言) supplies a miniature(缩影) of the English society of Chaucer’s time. That is why Chaucer has been called “the founder of English realism”. Chaucer affirms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes(反对) the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached(鼓吹) by the church. As a forerunner of humanism, he praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the “heroic couplet”) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. ⑦【William Langland威廉.朗兰: Piers the Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》】

英国文学史及选读第一册复习题.doc

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英国文学史及选读2017期末复习名词解释中英

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英美文学史试题.docx

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