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Every group has a culture, however uncivilized it may seem to us. To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic superiority of one culture over another, just as to the professional linguist, there is no intrinsic hierarchy among languages.

People once thought of the languages of backward groups as undeveloped. While it if possible that language in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by the study of “backward” languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex. They differ from Western languages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this aspect, two things are to be noted. First, all languages seem to possess the machinery for vocabulary expansion, either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. Second, the objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward” languages, while different from the West, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A Western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness (“this” and “that”). But some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or in the future.

1. Every group of human beings has ____.

A. its own set of ideas, beliefs and ways of life

B. an extremely complex and delicate language

C. its own elegant music, literature, and other arts

D. the process of growing crops or raising animals

2. To the professional linguists, ____.

A. there is no intrinsic superiority of cultures

B. there is no intrinsic hierarchy of languages

C. all languages came from grunts and groans

D. all languages are most severe and standard

3. Most languages of uncivilized groups are ____.

A. adequate

B. numerous

C. ingenious

D. ingenuous

4. “Backward” languages fall behind Western languages in ____.

A. ways to transfer ideas

B. forms to satisfy needs

C. abilities to answer description

D. systems to expand vocabulary

5. All languages, whether civilized or not, have their own ____.

A. ways to transfer ideas

B. forms to satisfy needs

C. abilities to answer description

D. systems to expand vocabulary

6. Which of the following statements is implied in the passage?

A. Anthropologists have nothing to do with linguists.

B. Linguists have nothing to do with anthropologists.

C. The study of languages casts light upon the study of cultures.

D. The study of cultures casts no light upon the study of languages.

7. It is implied that all cultures have to be viewed ____.

A. profoundly

B. intrinsically

C. independently

D. professionally

8. According to this passage, to learn a foreign language would require one to ____.

A. do more activities

B. learn about a new culture

C. meet more people

D. need more names

9. The author’s attitude shown in this passage towa rd “backward” languages is ____.

A. restrained

B. subjective

C. objective

D. resolute

10. This passage is on the whole ____.

A. narrative

B. instructive

C. prescriptive

D. argumentative

参考答案： 1-5 ABCBD 6-10 CCBCB

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英语翻译专项习题及答案解析含解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Directions：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．晚上别喝太多的咖啡，会睡不着觉的。（or） 2．事实证明，保持快乐的心态会降低得心脏病的风险。（It） 3．乐观的人不会过分怀念美好的旧时光，因为他们正忙着创造新的回忆。（create）4．追求稳定并不是什么坏事，很多时候这样的态度在促使我们提升自我、挑战难度、攀登高峰。（when） 【答案】 1．Don’t drink too much coffee at night, or you won’t be able to sleep. 2． It is proved that keeping a happy mind reduces the risk of heart diseases. 3．Optimistic people don’t miss the good old days too much, because they are busy creating new memories. 4． The pursuit of stability is not a bad thing. (and) There are many times when such an attitude drives us to improve ourselves, challenge difficulties, and climb peaks. 【解析】 【分析】 本题考查翻译，用括号所给的词将中文翻译成英文。翻译要注意句子的时态和语法的运用。 1．考查祈使句。祈使句 + and/or，前面的祈使句表示条件，or或and引导的分句表示结果这里表示转折关系，故用or。故答案为Don’t drink too much coffee at night, or you won’t be able to sleep. 2．考查名词性从句。翻译时句中用it作形式主语，真正的主语为从句thatkeeping a happy mind reduces the risk of heart diseases.，从句翻译时要注意动名词作主语。故答案为It is proved that keeping a happy mind reduces the risk of heart diseases. 3．考查动词。翻译时注意短语be busy doing忙于做……，时态用一般现在时。故答案为Optimistic people don’t miss the good old days too much, because they are busy creating new memories. 4．考查定语从句。先行词为times，在定语从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导。故答案为The pursuit of stability is not a bad thing. (and) There are many times when such an attitude drives us to improve ourselves, challenge difficulties, and climb peaks. 2．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．即使天气再热，也不要整天待在空调房间里。(stay) 2．一旦一个人学会了换位思考，就表明他正在走向成熟。(indicate) 3．直到他听了那个讲座才意识到自己对于该领域的知识是如此的匮乏。(It)